Using King-Armstrong's method, in which the substrate is disodium monophenylphosphate buffered at pH 5, I have determined the acid phosphatase content of human serum, of prostatic fluid in cases of prostatic cancer and some other urological diseases, of certain human organs and of various tissues of animals.
Report 1. On the serum acid phosphatase level (Addenda) Acid phosphatase content of prostatic fluid.
1) In various urological diseases except normal and prostatic cancer with bony metastases, serum acid phosphatase level was 0.1-2.6KAU*/100cc. There were no differences by sex and age. * King-Armstrong unit
2) Prostatic cancer with osseous metastasis (3 cases) showed specific remarkably high serum acid phosphatase content (5.1-26.7KAU/100cc), and after antiandrogenic therapy the content returned to normal along with the convalescence, but it increased again with the recurrence of the cancer.
3) After prostatic massage, serum acid phosphatase augumented rapidly; its maximum was at one hour after, and it gradually decreased to premassage values in 24 hours. The effect of massage is more remarkable in chronic prostatitis and benign prostatic enlargement than in the normal prostate gland.
4) The acid phosphatase content of prostatic fluids was strikingly higher than that of the serum, and it was especially higher in the cases of normal and prostatic hypertrophy (10 cases, 281-1163KAU/cc) than in cases of chronic prostatitis.

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The author has investigated, in some 200 cases of adults about 600 times, about the influences of autonomic nervous drugs, ergot, morphine and various hormones upon normal or abnormal bladders with using cystometrograms.
Method of experiment: The therapeutic dosis of these drugs are injected subcutaneously or sometimes intramuscularly once or more times, and the results are measured comparing with the results before injection. For the purpose of measuring the intravesical pressure, a catheter inserted in bladder, a syringe and a mercury manometer are connected with a three-way valve by a rubber-tube. Then sterilized water is introduced intermittently. In interpreting the cystometrogram, following 4 points were taken into consideration:
(1) the minimum desire to void, (2) the maximum desire to void, (3) the maximum voluntary pressure, (4) the character of tonus curve.
I. Influence of Autonomic Nervous Drugs, Ergot and Morphine
1) Adrenalin, generally speaking, acts upon the bladder hypotonic, however there is no marked difference between normal and abnormal bladder. The action of atropin is similar to that of adrenalin, but its action is much stronger than adrenalin, particularly in the abnormal hypertonic bladder. This is the reason why atropin is used for the treatment of enuresis nocturna.
2) Acetylcholin, arecorin and vagostigmin all act upon bladder hypertonic, particulary in the abnormal hypotonic bladder. Among these drugs acetylcholin acts most remarkably.
3) Benzylimidazolin acts occasionaly hypertonic.
4) Secalamin (preparation of ergot) and morphine act hypertonic, particularly in the abnormal hypotonic bladders. The change of minimum or maximum desire to void with that of the maximum voluntary pressure and tonus curve also shows no coincidence, in using both drugs.

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In the chapter one, the author dealt with the relations between the vesical and abdominal pressures, which have been based on scant experiments. The author pointed out that the two pressures, under normal conditions, keep always parallel inter-relations each other, and classified, on the other hand, various pharmacologic agents into five groups, according to their effects upon the bladder in considerations of the abdominal pressure. While in the present chapter, the author undertakes experiments to reveal the vesical pressure alone, trying to get rid of the abdominal pressure, and ascertains the conclusions of the previous chapter.
Method of Study.
The instillment apparatus and other particulars are likewise as in the chapter one. However, a metal tube, specially prepared, is introduced through the abdominal wall in its lower part after incision in order to eliminate unnecessary factors by the abdominal pressure. By stiching the incised wall upon the metal tube, this purpose is attained; still the general conditions stay almost normal without injuring the innervations of the bladder. Namely, the abdominal pressure no longer influences the vesical pressure, the fenestrated abdominal wall keeping the internal organs including the bladder from cold and drying.
Results.
1 After the abdominal pressure is removed, the so-called “great curve” of Yoshida no longer appears. Accordingly the great curve in the bladder of living rabbits appears as an effect of the abdominal pressure.
2 The reflex capacity of the bladder is attained at less capacity. The abdominal pressure, therefore, makes more urine accumulate in the bladder.
3 Micturition reflex as well as urination are still functioned.
4 Pharmacological effects:
1) Pilocarpin raises the vesical pressure without reference to the abdominal pressure.
2) Atropin, not less than 0.5mg. per kg. body weight, lowers the vesical pressure, less dose causing no change. This shows the descent of the vesical pressure in living rabbits, when the dose not more than 0.1mg. per kg. body weight is applied, is secondary, being caused by the descent of the abdominal pressure. To bring descent of the vesical pressure by the vesical relaxation, more than 0.5mg. per kg, body weight should be applied.
3) Adrenalin lowers the pressure without reference to the abdominal pressure, after temporary ascent, which dose not present after pituitrin is injected. Adrenalin lowers the pressure stronger than atropin.
4) Cholin raises the vesical pressure without relation to the abdominal pressure.
5) Pituitrin raises the vesical pressure, but no rythmic movements can be seen, so remarkable, great and regular as seen in the normal animals. This shows that the rythmic movements are caused by those of the abdominal pressure.
6) Strychinin raises the pressure, first when a dose is applied enough to cause cramp. So the ascent of the normal animals, when no cramp happens, is merely an appearance caused by the abdominal pressure.
7) BaCl₂ causes the ascent of the pressure and striking rythmic movements. We need not consider, therefore, the abdominal pressure in this connection.
8) Vagostigmin raises the pressure and intensifies the rythmic movements after an interval of several to twenty minutes after application. Here, the abdominal pressure does nothing to the bladder.
9) Urotropin raises the pressure by filling the bladder with urine. The abdominal pressure does not refer to it, but the phenomenon is more rapid than in normal rabbits.

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The treatment of tuberculoderma cases with the specific antigenic substance (vaccine) undertaken in our department, has been quite successful. While engaging in the experiments in order to know the serological indications of the clinical course and the healing mechanism for the above mentioned patients by the precipitation reaction, the present author with his colleagues Maruyama and Munakata happened to notice the reactivity of carbolic acid on serum especially on the serum of tuberculosis patients. It was found, further, that this reaction when performed with the reagent of 0.5% solution of carbolic acid in physiological saline is highly specific to the serum of tuberculosis patients especially to that of active tuberculosis.
Following are the summarized results of the experiments mainly treated of the comparisons of the findings between carbol-reaction and complement fixation reaction examined on 807 cases of tuberculosis, 183 cases of non-tuberculous infections and 96 of normal individuals:
1. The solution of carbolic acid in physiological saline produces a ring layer when over-lapped on top of serum, and the solution in a concentration of 0.5% reacts specifically to the serum of tuberculosis patients.
2. The findings of repeated tests to know the lowest concentrations of the reagent by using varying concentrations of 0.5% to 1.3% are quite helpful for the judgement of the clinical course.
3. The optimal temperature for the inactivation of the serum to be used in the carbol-reaction is 56°C for 30 minutes, but the heating at 50°C to 56°C for the same period of time does not reveal any appreciable influence on the reading of the reaction.
4. The reaction is usually read at the end of 2 hours, but when preliminary checked at the end of 1 hour, more precise readings can be expected even for the serum of lipaemia patient.
5. The findings of carbol-reaction are not always in parallel to the findings of the complement fixation reaction, carbol-reaction is much more helpful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and especially this reaction is much better for the judgement of the clinical course.
6. The results of carbol-reaction are not always in complete agreement with the findings of blood sedimentation rate.
7. The findings of carbol-reaction on the serum of tuberculous guinea pigs are of no significance.
8. There is no appreciable difference between the reactions examined with the blood collected from the artery and that from the vein.
9. The diagnostic value of carbol-reaction is decreased as the storage period of the serum to be examined is prolonged resulting in the negative reaction in the end.
10. The solution of carbolic acid derivatives such as resorcine, pyrogallol and hydrochinone reacts also with the serum of tuberculosis patients but their diagnostic values are much inferior to the reactions of solution of carbolic acid in physiological saline.

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