The renal vessels of the rabbits were laterally ligated to produce bone formation in the related kidney and its mechanism was investigated.
1. In most of the cases, it takes 16 days for nephrocalcinosis to develop in the vessel-ligated kidney.
2. The weight and the size are usually larger in the ligated kidney until the 10th day after the ligation. On and after the 20th day, however, the unligated kidney grows larger and heavier while atrophy is observed in the other.
3. The development of a bone tissue with bone marrow is seen in all the cases on the 35th day. Near this bone tissue or in its adjacency is seen the pelvisepithelium. Calcification is strongly indicated chiefly in the cortex.
4. The symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism are histologically recognized in the parathyroid of the rabbits that have developed bone tissue in the kidney.
5. The variation of serum Ca and alkaline phosphatase in the animals remained within the normal range.
6. ³²P and ⁴⁵Ca were administered to the animals and the amount of the isotopes contained in the kidneys and blood was measured. The amount of ³²P showed no significant difference between both the kidneys, whereas that of ⁴⁵Ca was three times larger in the ligated kidney than in the normal one on the 16th day after the ligation, sixteen times on the 40th day, and then dropped to nearly the same ratio on the 120th day as before the ligation.
From the foregoing results of the experiment, a fact was disclosed that Ca compounds are mobiliged in a large quantity during bone formation. Therefore it may be concluded that Ca compounds are the essential factor in bone formation. The bone formation seen after a plastic surgery on the urinary tract may be attributed to the ischemia, the deposit of Ca compounds, and the intact presence of the epithelium in that region.

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1. Lymphography was performed in 71 cases (chiefly with genitourinary malignancy). Among them, 7 cases were normol, 8 had tumor of the testis, 6 tumor of the penis, 16 tumor of the kidney and the ureter, 19 tumor of the bladder, the urethra and the prostate, and 4 spermatic lymphography. Lymphograms were studied and 4 representative cases were presented.
2. As for the diagnosis of lymphatic metastases of malignant tumor, the following result was obtained.
1) In the metastatic cases, there were not necessarily found dilatation, narrowing, collateral circulation, distortion and backflow of lymph vessels.
2) The remains of the contrast medium in lymph vessels and the extravasation in the retroperitoneal area show lymphatic obstruction, and are very important findings to the diagnosis of metases.
3) Enlargement of lymph nodes has no direct relation with lymphatic metastases.
4) Deformity, marginal filling defect and moth-eaten-shaped defect of lymph nodes were remarkably found at the cases which had evident metastsaes.
5) Both discontinuity of lymph vessels and lymph nodes are especially remarkable in the cases with extensive metastases of lymphatic systems. However they are sometimes made by compression of tumors.
6) A single abnormal finding shows few metastases. So, in my opinion, a diagnosis of metastases must be made by the combinations of several abnormal findings.
7) It was proved that lymphatic metastases could be pretty accurately diagnosed when they were extended to a certain degree.
3. The author stated the complications of lymphography. Pulmonary embolism by oily contrast medium was observed in 37 cases (62.8%), and its symptom and treatment were mentioned. When pulmonary embolism is adequately treated, any accidents do not occur.
4. In 25 dogs were studied roentgnologically the lymphatics of the leg, the testis, the epididymis, the vas deferens and the bladder, and the auther succeeded in roentgenographic visualization of their regional lymphatics.
5. It is necessary to visualize roentgenographically dependent regional lymphatics of the genitourinary organs, and especially the penile and spermatic lymphography are the most useful tool.

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1) Seventy-nine cases of congenital sexual abnormalities have been experienced in recent six years (1958-1964).
They are 15 cases of female pseudohermaphroditism, 13 male pseudohermaphroditism, 5 true hermaphroditism, 7 gonadal dysgenesis, 4 agonadism, 14 hypergonadotrophic testicular dysgenesis and 21 hypogonadotrophic testicular dysgenesis. Cytogenetical study was made in these patients as well as in normal adult males and females, and patients with hypospadia, cryptorchdism, vaginal defect and hymenal atresia.
2) The nuclear chromatin was determined on buccal smears of these patients by the rapid staining method devised by the author.
Advantages of this method are ease in securing suitable cells and rapidity and simplicity in preparation. Therefore, it is used in massexamination or screening test for the various sexual abnormalities.
3) Chromosomal counts and karyotyping were carried out by the short term method of Moorhead et al. on cultured leucocytes, and the chromosomes were prepared by the air drying method and arranged in seven groups according to their length and centromere position.
The classification is a slight modification of the international system of nomenclature of human mitotic chromosomes adopted in 1960 in Denver, Colorado.
4) The phenotypic males with hromatin-negative nuclei are revealed in all cases of male pseudo-hermaphroditism, 3 of gonadal dysgenesis, 7 of hypergonadotrophic testicular dysgenesis and in all 21 cases of hypogonadotrophic testicular dysgenesis. The phenotypic females with chromatin-negative nuclei are revealed in 4 cases of gonadal dysgneesis, 4 of agonadism and one of true hermaphroditism, and the phenotypic males with chromatin-positive nuclei are revealed in 3 cases of ture hermaphroditism and 7 of hypergonadotrophic testicular dysgenesis. The phenotypic females with chromatin-positive nuclei are revealed in 15 cases of female pseudohermaphroditism and one of true hermaphroditism.
5) Five cases of true hermaphroditism, 6 of gonadal dysgenesis, one of agonadism and 7 of hypergonadotrophic testicular dysgenesis showed abnormal sex karyotype: that is, 4 cases of phenotypic female gonadal dysgenesis and a 45/XO chromosomal constitution. Four cases of true hermaphroditism had the basic diploid number of 46 and an XX sex chromosome constitution and one had a 46/XY. Two cases of the phenotypic male gonadal dysgenesis showed a sex-chromosome mosaicism, which had a 46, 45/XY, XO. Agonadism had a 45/XO chromosomal constitution, and 7 cases of hypergonadotrophic testicular dysgenesis had a 47/XXY.
This type of 46, 45/XY, XO mosaicism has not previously been reported.
6) The correlation of sex-chromatin patterns and sex chromosome constitution was discussed, hypothetical mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal sexual development are reviewed, and the role of chromosomes in human sexual development is briefly discussed.

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A new device for sphincterometry of the female urethra is described: a water tank, a piston pump, a variable microcock, a flow-meter, and an urethral adapter with cone-shaped tip are attached to an autorecording manometer. The tonus of the external urethral sphincter, strictly speaking the intraurethral pressure is measured and recorded, while water is flowing through the urethra under constant flow rate (50cc/min).
Sphincterometrograms were analysed by two elements; tonicity (height of pressure) and wave pattern. Sphincterometrogram in the healthy female shows 40-80mmHg of tonicity with regular wave pattern; in children it is slightly hypotonic. In complete incontinence it is very hypotonic with flat wave pattern. In stress incontinence the sphincterometrogram is similar to complete incontinence, but cases which are hypertonic, always are complicated with inflammation of the bladder neck. In neurogenic bladder after hysterectomy it is slightly or very hypotonic with almost flat wave pattern, whereas cystometrogram is very hypertonic. The neurogenic bladder symptom after hysterectomy is of a special type, which is not purely defined to be a atonic bladder nor a sensory neurogenic bladder, but seems rather to be a combinred form of stress incontinence and over-flow incontinence. Enuresis shows normal sphincterometrogram. In uninhibited bladder it is hypertonic with special wave pattern. In contracted bladder it is very hypertonic with flat wave pattern.

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Sexual disturbances in diabetics were frequently observed. Endocrine studies of these patients revealed that almost all had decreased urinary excretion of pituitary gonadotropin. But the cause of the decrease of pituitaty gonadotropin remained unknown. So histological examinations of pituitary glands were also performed.
The urinary excretion of pituitary gonadotropin was determined in fifteen diabetics. The urinary gonadotropin was absorbed in kaolin and finally measured by the increase in weight of the infantile mouse uterus according to Matsushima's method. Determinations of gonadotropin in fifteen diabetics revealed only two patients with values over normal limits, other patients showed values under normal limits.
Histological examinations of the pituitary glands which obtained from eleven cases of diabetics and seventeen cases of other disease for controls were performed. These were selected from the routine necropsy cases at the Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine. All cases known to have had endocrine disease without diabetics were excluded. The pituitary were fixed in 10% neutral formol saline and sectioned at a thickness of 4 micra in the horizontal plane. These sections were stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin, PAS-Orange-G Methylblue, Aldehyde-Fuchsin-Goldner, Masson-Goldner, and Iron-PAS stain. In diabetes mellitus there were a significant increase in the proportion of acidophils and a significant decrease in the proportion of basophils, especially of delta cells.
Results of the histological examinations of pituitary glands and measurements of urinary excretion of pituitary gonadotropins suggest that sexual disturbances in diabetics are frequently due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and that the delta cells are the source of the pituitary gonadotropins.

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Using radioactive rubidium as a tracer of potassium, uptake of potassium aspartate in human blood cells in vivo was compared with that of potassium chloride.
Small dosis of ⁴²KCl and ⁸⁶Rb Cl was injected rapidly into a cubital vein of four normokalemic patients with urologicl disease. Venous blood was drawn consecutively with certain intervals up to seven hours from the contralateral cubital vein. After each venous puncture, the blood was immediately separated into one ml. of whole blood and one ml. of plasma for measurement of the radioactivity.
One week after the above experiment, the same procedure concerning ⁸⁶Rb aspartate was repeated.
Concentrations of the tracers in plasma and blood cells were calculated and the ratio of the two as well.
The result showed uptake of rubidium aspartate was quicker than that of rubidium chloride in three patients out of four.
It is concluded that potassium will be transported into blood cells more quickly when it is given as asparate than given as chloride.

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