From the experience of treating 21 bladder tumor, which are in different grades and the stages, with intracavitary irradiation by using Co⁶⁰ (Solution, suspension, and beads) following conclusions were obtained.
1. Intracavitary irradiation is very effective to the tumor situated at the bladder neck and prostatic urethra.
2. Bladder tumor situated at the posterior or the lateral wall is difficult to beam homogeneously with intracavitary irradiation. To these tumors partial resection of the bladder followed with post-operative intracavitary irradition or external irradiation combining with intracavitary irradiation appear to be the method of choice.
3. Intracavitary irradiation is not able to prevent recurrence of vesical papillomatosis.
4. Intracavitary irradiation with the dose less than 10, 000r do not produce severe cystitis or atrophic bladder. As the other complication, mild irritable symptom of the rectum was observed in 30% of the cases.
The experimental intracavitary irradiation was performed on 17 mongrel dogs under cystostomy and the radiation effects were studied by the histological examination.
1. Immediately after irradiation with dose of 5, 000r, mucous membranes were well-preserved, while capillaries in the submucous layer were dilated and markedly increased. In case of 8, 000r, most of the epithelial lining cells were desquamated.
2. The group which received the dose of 8, 000r showed incomplete regeneration of the epithelium four months after the irradiation. But the cases which were given predonisolone with the irradiation in this group showed remarkable regeneration, which is consistent with the appearance of the non-irradiated controles of one month after the surgery.
3. The intracavitary irradiation caused milder degeneration of the muscle layer than the cases which received the same dosage by the external irradiation.
The intracavitary irradiation used as the supplemental treatment with anti-androgenic hormon therapy for 6 cases of the prostatic caecer showed favorable outcome.

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Gonorrhea appears to have been exterminated because of the advances in so-called chemotherapy, or has been removed from the category of disease classed as non-amenable to ready treatment. However, this disease is actually by no means a condition easy to treat, since unexpected cases of chronicity and remission are fairly numerous, often presenting much difficulty from the investigative standpoint. Furthermore, the unscupulous application of therapy without reorganizing its true nature makes the demonstration of the causative microorganisms difficult and confuses its differentiation from other types of urethritis. It is to be added that in our clinic the cases of gonorrhea still occupies the first place among all outpatients.
For many years past we have been engaged in clinical and pathological studies of gonorrhea, and the results of pathologic findings in acute, chronic and atypical cases of the disease in both men and women have accumulated to a considerable dimension. Nevertheless, the work on the investigation of gonococci in the tissue lags still behind because of the difficulty attending their demonstration, and we have succeeded in obtaining real results only during the past 7-8 years. This situation, which is common to all investigators both here and abroad, is explainable chiefly by the difficulty in obtaining satisfactory staining of gonococci in the tissue. However. Hayashi (1954) has succeeded in obtaining satisfactory statning of the causative microorganism in the tissue of acute gonococcic urethritis of men, while Tabayshi (1959) in the tissue of cervical gland gonorrhea in women, both to the extent of discuss gonorrhea on the basis of directly demonstrable gonococci, which we have in the past studied only on the basis of histopathology. Despite these results, it is still exceedingly difficult to demonstrate the gonococci in the tissues of chronic and recurring types of the disease, which represent the most important cases of infection by this microorganism. Some 30-40 years ago, Kawazoe (1916) and Tabayashi (1928) demonstrated the organism in only a small percentages of many instances. Likewise, Arai and Watanabe (1930), Kusaka (1937) and others have reinvestigated this problem but were successful only in a few cases. One of the most confusing aspect of the problem related to the demonstration of gonococci in tissues is the presence of various non-bacterial granules, which is at present being gradually clarified. These granules can be differentiated by staining, thus affording little chance for diagnostic errors. The author has undertaken investigations on the gonococci in the tissues of most difficult cases of chronic and recurrent gonorrhea.
The materials used for investigation consisted of 124 instances. Of these tissues those judged to present inflammatory findings of “+” upon histopathologic grounds were excepted, leaving only 80 cases with “_??_” findings. Portions of the urethra and of paraurethral duct were excised under the guidance of Sato's urethroscope, after having confirmed that the patients had been treated previously with either penicillin or some other chemotherapeutic agents.
With reference to the methods of staining used, only the following six may be mentioned, since the results of staining by 12 varieties of stain had already been reported from this laboratory. The six staining methods here used are: Schmorl stain, Polychrome methylene blue, Gram Stain, Thionine stain, Unna-Pappenheim stain and Pappenheim's panchrome stain. Since the tissues present the pictures as influenced by stated amounts of chemotherapeutics previously applied to the patients, the number of gonococci demonstrable in the tissues is naturally reduced.
The designation of the findings as to the number of gonococci descernible in the tissue has been made as “+” for a few, _??_ for 6-10 bacteria, and _??_ for 10 or more. In regard to the location where the organisms are found

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Five cases of ectopic opening ureter were reported. Three cases were girls (7, 5 and 5 years old), who were always wett, although they urinated at definite intervals. All of them had a unilateral ectopic opening ureter into vagina. The kidneys on the corresponding sides were all hypoplastic. One case was a girl of 13 years old, complaining of intermittant incontinence. By urethro-cystoscopic and radiographic examination we were able to find a small urethral diverticulum, into which r. ureter opened. The kidney on the corresponding side could not be found even by operative dissection. The ureter ended blindly. The other case was a 32-year-old male, complaining of pain on urination and swelling of scrotal content. By urethro-cystoscopic examination and seminal vesiculography we were able to recognize r. ectopic opening ureter into seminal vesicle. The kidney on the corresponding side was very small, measurring 2.5 by 2.2 by 1.5cm. in size and the histological examination showed only tubular structure. This case of the ectopic opening ureter into seminal vesicle is thought to represent the 18th reported instance of the diagnosis during life. Clinical and embryological observations were made on the above mentioned 5 cases.

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