The Japanese Journal of Urology

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1. A total of 112 cases (2.69%) of calculus of the urinary tract were experienced in the author's clinic during the period from August, 1945 to November, 1954. The cases consisted of 28 cases of renal calculus, 49 cases of ureteral calculus, 25 cases of vesical calculus, 8 cases of urethral calculus and 2 cases of prostatic calculus.
2. Since 1948, a clear increase in the incidence of the calculus was recognized, and an increase in the cases of ureteral calculus was particularly observed. As to the cases of ureteral calculus, it was found that cases of abdominal ureteral calculus occupied 44.4% of the total and 47.3% were occupied by the cases of pelvic ureteral calculus, showing a tendency of gradual increase in the former.
3. When observed according to the age of the cases, the number of cases between the ages 21-29 exceeded the other age groups demonstrating 33.4%. Cases among males were 6 times as many as that among females. Among the cases of upper ureteral calculus, clearly higher incidence was obserued on the left side than on the right.
4. Spontaneous discharge of the calculus in the cases of renal and ureteral calculus were recognized in a fairly high percentage.
5. Recurrences were recorded in 9 out of 19 cases among those directly examined by the authors and in 6 out of 43 cases investigated by questionnaires. Many recurrences were recorded after lithotomy in the cases of renal culculus or pyelolithiasis. Most of the recurrences were recorded within 2 years from the operation. Furthermore, the size of the calculus at the time when they were first discovered was fairly large, consequently, the time lag between their formation and the operation was presumed to be long. In view of the above, the authors concluded that due considerations should be given to the pathological changes in the locality of the calculus for the prevention of recurrence.

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