In order to detect the bladder tumor specific antigen, the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) No. 10 to human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) was obtained by immunization of a BALB/c mouse with fresh surgically removed TCCB cells (Grade II) and subsequent fusion of the spleen cells with X-63-Ag 8, -6, 5, 3 mouse myeloma cell line. The isotype of MoAb No. 10 was IgM with kappa-light chains. The MoAb No. 10 was studied for the reactivity with different tissue sections using indirect immunoperoxidase staining (I. I. P.). The results of the study were as follows:
1) 43 samples of TCCB (Grade I, 5, Grade II, 25 and Grade III, 13) obtained by surgery were studied. In 36 (Grade I, 5, Grade II, 19 and Grade III, 12) out of the 43 TCCB samples, IIP showed positive reactions on the cell surface without correlation with grading of the disease.
2) 5 samples of normal bladder epithelia obtained by surgery were studied. IIPP showed negative reactions in all of them.
3) 28 samples of other organ neoplasm cells obtained by surgery were studied. IIP showed negative reactions in all of them.

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Monoclonal antibodies were developed in order to define tumor-associated antigens or differentiation antigens of human testicular choriocarcinoma by fusing SP2/0-Ag14 mouse myeloma with splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with testicular choriocarcinoma cell line JHTK-1. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using glutaraldehyde-fixed cultured cell lines as targets was carried out for antibody screening. After cloning a selected hybridoma culture, we succeeded in isolating a monoclonal antibody (Cho. 1) which recognized an antigen expressed predominantly in choriocarcinoma cell lines. By quantitative absorption assay, Cho. 1 bound with normal chorion and testicular choriocarcinoma tissues, i. e., normal and malignant trophoblastic tissues, but not with normal testis, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma or yolk sac tumor tissues. By solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), Cho. 1 did not bind with well-known marker antigens such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), pregnancy specific β₁-glycoprotein (SP1) or α-fetoptotein (AFP). In conclusion, we believe that Cho. 1 recognizes a trophoblast-specific antigen that is different from placental antigens such as HCG and SP1. Cho. 1 may be useful clinically as a new agent for the diagnosis and treatment of testicular choriocarcinoma.

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The early response of mucosal surface and lumen of the rat bladder to E. coli was examined using the scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
1) Four hours after the challenge, there were numerous bacteria in the lumen but little on the surface. However within the next 4hr, bacteria progressively attached on the surface. Though 12hr after the challenge, all the mucosa was not covered with bacteria.
2) At 4hr after the challenge, PMN first appeared and at 8hr was widespread on the surface and in the lumen. We observed for the first time with SEM that PMN migrated to the surface from the intercelluler space, phagocytized bacteria on the surface and exfoliated the infected cells actively. PMN was the main defence factor at this time, because bacteria attached on the surface tightly and was not removed by washing out phenomenon only. At 12hr, migrated PMN on the surface was more numerous and phagocytized more actively.
3) We also observed for the first time that RBC attached to bacteria and aggregated on the bladder surface to prevent the spreading of bacteria. Numerous bacteria enclosed by this aggregation of RBC was then removed from the bladder by voiding.
4) At 4hr after the challenge, swelling of many superficial cell (SC) was seen, and at 8hr and 12hr exfolilation of SC and exposed intermediate cell were observed in some portion.
5) Migration of PMN to the surface and change of bladder epithelium were induced by introducing only bacterial product into bladder lumen. Accordingly this suggest that bacteria itself is not necessary to induce cystitis and clinical symptom of cystitis may be produced by bacterial product.

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Flow cytometric DNA-histograms of 30 renal cell carcinomas were obtained: an attempt was made to find whether there is any correlation between ploidy patterns of tumors and conventional histopathological findings of these tumors according to TNM classification.
Of the 30 tumors, 15 (50%) had an aneuploid pattern, and the remaining 15 a diploid and/or neardiploid pattern. All four grade-I tumors showed a diploid pattern, whereas 7 of 17 grade-II tumors (41%) and 8 of 9 grade-III tumors (89%) showed an aneuploid pattern. Therefore, ploidy analysis was thought to well reflect grades of given tumors.
Seventy percent (14/20) of tumors having lower than pT 2 showed a diploid pattern, whereas 90% (9/10) of tumors having stage higher than pT 3 showed an aneuploid pattern.
Eighty-three percent (10/12) of tumors having vascular invasion showed_ an aneuploid pattern, as compared to 28% (5/18)of those without it.
However, no correlation was found between DNA-histogram patterns and lymphnode involvement (pN), distant metastasis (M) or tumor cell types.
Whether ploidy analysis of DNA-histograms of renal cell carcinomas were directly correlated with the prognostic factor of the tumor or not can not be determined by the above results. However, flow cytometric study of DNA profile would be useful, providing better understanding of the biological behavior and serving as a new histochemical parameter of renal cell carcinomas.

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Tokyo strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was given intravesically to 60 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to observe its clinical efficacy in eradicating residual tumors and preventing recurrent tumors. All patients underwent transurethral resection (TUR) of tumors before instillation of BCG. The patients were divided into 2 groups. One group consisted of 29 patients who were thought to have incomplete TURs because of the presence of endoscopically visible tumors when TUR was terminated, and/or the presence of histologically proved carcinoma after multiple random biopsies (Bx) of the bladder concurrently performed with TUR, and/or positive results of serial urine cytology after TUR (therapy group). The remaining 31 patients formed the other group (prophylaxis group). Intravesical BCG of 80mg was given weekly for 6 weeks (initial instillation), then monthly for a year. The response in patients of the therapy group was based on findings of cystoscopy and Bx of the bladder 4-6 weeks after completion of the initial instillation and urine cytology, while the response in patients of the prophylaxis group was assessed in usual fashion with cystoscopy performed at regular intervals and Bx if indicated and serial urine cytology. Furthermore, a correlation between PPD skin reaction and response by BCG instillation was analysed. Disappearance of residual tumors and normalization of urine cytology were noted in 23 patients (74.2%) of the therapy group, and only 2 patients (6.9%) in the prophylaxis group had recurrent tumors during an average follow-up period of 10.9 months. Significantly larger number of patients in whom PPD skin reaction had converted from negative to positive attained good results in eradicating residual tumors or preventing recurrent tumors, when compared to those in whom PPD failed to convert. In summary, intravesical instillation of BCG is useful for eradicating residual tumors after incomplete TURs, and also for preventing recurrent tumors. PPD skin reaction may be a valuable index to predict its effect.

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Pathological classification was performed on 11 cases of urachal carcinoma encountered at the departments of urology of both Kumamoto University School of Medicine and Medical College of Oita from 1963 to 1985.
They were classified into transitional cell carcinoma (3 cases), transitional cell carcinoma with adenocarcinoma (5 cases) and adenocarcinoma involving anaplastic type (3 cases),
We frequently encountered many transformation and combination of transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in different portions of the tumor or even in the same microscopic field.

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The present studies were carried out to characterize the morphology of erythropoietin (Ep)-producing cells in a human renal carcinoma from a patient with erychrocytosis which grew in athymic nude mice and in primary monolayer cultures.
The renal carcinoma cells in mice, when examined under transmission electron microscopy, showed microvilli, tight junctions and a cytoplasm with scattered glycogen particles, a few lipid droplets, abundant free ribosomes and sparse rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their nuclei showed marked invaginations and heterochromatin. The renal carcinoma-bearing mice did not develop erythrocytosis. Serum Ep measured by radioimmunoassay was not elevated in the renal carcinoma-bearing mice compared to control mice. Homogenates of the renal carcinoma in mice did not contain detectable levels of Ep.
The renal carcinoma cells in primary monolayer cultures retained the ultrastructural features similar to those in vivo. However, the domes, which developed after the renal carcinoma cell cultures reached confluency, contained a distinct type of cells with a cytoplasm of markedly low electron density (LED cells). LED cells contained abundant and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm and showed less prominent microvilli and an oval nucleus with euchromatin. Neither the spent media nor homogenates of cultured renal carcinoma cells in semiconfluency conatined significant levels of Ep. However, after the cultured cells reached confluency, Ep levels in their spent media and homogenates showed a marked exponential increase in parallel with the increase in number of the domes.
The intense Ep-like immunoreactivity was localized only in the LED cells with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method utilizing rabbit antiserum to human Ep.
Theses data support our hypothesis that LED cells are responsible for Ep production in human renal carcinoma. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of development of LED cells in the renal carcinoma.

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An immunoassay for the prostate specific antigen (PA) has been reported to be useful for detecting the early stage of prostatic carcinoma and for monitoring its clinical courses.
We evaluated the clinical significance of PA in prostatic carcinoma measured by radioimmunoassay.
We determined 3.0ng/ml as the upper normal limit, since forty-one healthy males showed serum PA level of 2.46±0.36ng/ml (mean±S. D.).
Serum PA level of BPH patients was 4.33±2.69ng/ml (mean±S. D.) which was statistically higher than that of healthy males or of non prostatic disease patients. This result provided 10.0ng/ml of serum PA level as the upper limit in this disease.
Serum PA in prostatic carcinoma tended to increase as the clinical stage progressed. PA level of stage D was statistically higher than that of stages A, B or C (p<0.05). When 10.0ng/ml was regarded as the upper limit of BPH, the positive rate of PA in each stage was 0% in stage A, 55.5% in B, 40.0% in C and 73.1% in D. The positive rate exceeding 50% in stage B suggested thet PA determination could detect more patients with early stage cancer (stage B) than PAP did. And the simultaneous determination of PAP which is routinely measured, and PA could be more clinically useful since PAP negative but PA positve patients were found in 44.4% of them in stage B.
Furthermore, the level of PA determined during the follow-up reflected the patients' clinical status, suggesting that the determination of PA is useful for monitoring the clinical course of patients.
Serum PA level was correlated to that of PAP (r=0.66), but the correlation tended to be small, when the level of PA was near or below 10.0ng/ml.
The definite correlation was not found between the level of PA and the histopathological differentiation of prostatic carcinoma. Nor was any correlation observed between the level of serum PA and androgen receptor contents in the cytosol of prostatic carcinoma. These results may imply that the level of PA reflects the biological aspect of carcinoma different from the tumor differentiation and androgen receptor content.

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Characteristic appearances of various stone forming crystals treated with the partial dissolution method (Method 2 of Reference 8) were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Recognition of the characteristic appearances made it possible to identify the crystalline component in the fractured surfaces of mixed calculi. There were ellipsoidal or nodular surfaced calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi which show concentric laminations. Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals were not necessarily octahedral dipyramids in the interior of these calculi. They had been grown to make the intercrystalline space minimum, and slender crystals were oriented perpendicular to the lamination.

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8 patients of extragonadal germ cell tumors with palpably normal testes were treated at Niigata Cancer Center Hospital. The patients ranged from 20 to 32 years in age and complained of abdominal mass in 4 cases, left neck tumor in 3 and dyspnea in 1 case. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological findings and/or tumor markers (AFP, hCG). Of those two cases had occult testicular tumors. Histopathological reports were embryonal carcinoma of the testis and seminoma in the retroperitoneum in 1 case, seminoma of the testis and disseminated choriocarcinoma in the other. Two patients were diagnosed as burned-out testicular tumor. Disseminated embryonal carcinomas with choriocarcinomas were seen in both cases. Scrotal ultrasonography showed calcified spots in the parenchyma and histological examinations of the testes (unilateral orchiectomy in one and autopsy in another) revealed scar tissues. Other four patients were strongly suspected to be with primary extragonadal germ cell tumor because of normal findings of scrotal ultrasonography. In 1 case, the tumor was located in the anterior mediastinum and exstirpation after chemotherapy revealed necrotic tissue. In other 3 cases, tumors were situated mainly in the retroperitoneum and extirpation after chemotherapy showed embryonal carcinomas in 2 cases and necrotic tissue in 1 case. All patients responded to the therapy (one treated by radiotherapy, two by chemotherapy, and four by chemotherapy combined with excision) and the treatment finally resulted in complete remission in 1 case of occult testicular tumor and 2 cases of extragonadal germ cell tumor.

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Bladder tumor was induced in rats by oral administration of 0.025% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), after which MLR responsiveness of thymus lymphocytes as well as the effect of thy mosin fraction 5 (TF5) on MLR responsiveness were studied.
The results were as follows.
1. MLR responsiveness of Fisher 344 rat thymus lymphocytes against WKAH rat lymph node lymphocytes began to decrease from the 10th week after BBN administration when changes in the mucous membrane such as hypertrophy in the bladder wall or vascular formation were noted, and a marked decrease in the response weats noted after 20 weeks of BBN administration when the tumor was visually recognizable, and massive hematuria was noted and the tumor was visually observed in about 95% of the rat bladders.
2. The responding cells in MLR among thymus small lymphocytes were more separated in the most dense subset when rat thymus small lymphocytes were separated into three subsets by combining discontinuous density gradient centrifugation by the adhesion column method.
3. The reduction of MLR responsiveness with BBN administration was most conspicuous in the most dense subset.
4. When thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) prepared from thymi of male calves was added in vitro to the thymus lymphocytes culture, an enhancement of MLR responsiveness of the cells was markedly induced in the period between 8th and 20th weeks after BBN treatment, the effect of the cells was markedly induced in the period between 8th and 20th week after BBN treatment the effect of TF5 was not detected significantly 20 weeks after BBN treatment.
5. In the period between 10th and 14th weeks after BBN administration, TF5 sensitive thymus lymphocytes, induced by an enhancement of MLR responsiveness by the thymus products were found to be more separated in the most dense subset.

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In Kanazawa medical university hospital, 105 cases had renal transplantation between March in 1975 and March in 1986, with special cooperation of urologists and nephrologists.
There was no cadaveric renal transplantation. One transplant was performed in each case. For the purpose of immunosuppression, azathioprine and methylprednisolone (so called conventional) were mainly used.
The average age of recipients is 29 years old. As for sex distinction, the male is 71, and the female is 34. The average age of donors is 49.31 cases are male and 74 are female. The number of parents is 77 and that of sibilings is 28.
As for HLA, 21 cases are identical, what is called A-match and the others are haploidentical, non A-match. The primary cause of CRF was chronic glomerulonephritis and occupied 77.1%.
After transplantation, we followed up the patients mainly by RI angiography, laboratory data and clinical signs.
Graft survival (functioning) rate is measured by the method of Cutler & Ederer's cumulative proportion. One year-90.8%, 2 years-83.5%, 3 years-77.6%, 4 years-75.9%, 5 years-72.0%. In the A-match group, one year functioning rate is 95.1%, and the rate over 2 years keeps the same number, and 9 years-81.5%. In the HLA non A-match group, one year functioning rate is 89.6%, 2 years-80.2%, 5 years-64.9%. In the second year, statistical significance was found. The patient survival of one year is 96.9%, 2 years-95.8%, 3 years-94.4%, 4 years-92.7% and then the same rate is maintained. And there is no difference in HLA-matching grade.
There were two interesting cases (28y/o female, 28y/o male) whose own kidney had acquired cystic disease of the kidney with renal cell carcinoma. After bilateral nephrectomy, renal transplantation was performed. One of these patients underwent graftectomy for chronic rejection one year and 5 months after transplantation, and now is alive on hemodialysis for 6 years and 8 months. The other had successful transplantation and has had good renal function for five years and ten months. No malignancy occurred in either case.
As for early complications, especially urological ones, there were three cases of urinary fistula by ureteral necrosis. In two of them, the grafts had double arteries.
In our series, 6 patients died mainly from infection.
The renal function of donors after nephrectomy was 67.7% in GFR and 75.5% in RBF.
When surgical complications are suspected, it is important to check the graft, the site of vascular anastomosis and the site of vesicoureteral anastomosis. Because an immediate repair can be made, wherever focus may exist.
And for the improvement of the survival rate, it is important that we should not adhere to severely rejected grafts and serious complications.
In our series the kidneys were transplanted from living relations. Through these experiences, it may be concluded that A-match in histocompatibility is the important factor for the improvement of graft survival rate. In the rate of patient survival, there is no difference between A-match group and non A-match group.

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Histopathological changes of renal pelvic epithelium of 63 patients operated for renal stone were studied. Of in total 63 cases (29 males and 34 females), nephrectomy was performed in 52 cases and partial nephrectomy in 11 cases. Eighteen out of the 63 cases had denuding changes of renal pelvic epithelium in specimen. Therefore, we studied histopathological changes on the remaining 45 cases. Of the 45 cases, only two cases (4.4%) had normal epithelium. Atrophic changes were seen in 23 cases (51.1%). The incidences of squamous metaplasia, hyperplasia, dysplasia and Brunn's nest were 11 cases (24.4%, 7 males and 4 females), 8 cases (17.8%, 3 males and 5 females), 4 cases (8.9%, 2 males and females in each) and 1 case (2.2%, female), respectively. Renal pelvic carcinoma was found in 3 cases (6.7%, all male). Two cases of them were with transitional cell carcinomas classified into grade 1, stage I, and grade 2, stage III in each and the third case was with squamous cell carcinoma (stage III) combined with squamous metaplasia. These results indicate that renal stone patients with histopathological changes of renal pelvic epithelium should be followed up for the possibility of developing carcinoma.

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Clinicopathological study on histological change of epithelium in tumor and non malignant lesion of 86 renal pelvic and ureteral cancers was performed. The patients were 72 men and 14 women aged an average of 64.4 years. Tumor lesions had a positive correlation between grade and stage. In non tumor lesions, we found dysplasia in 27 patients (31.3%), hyperplasia in 28 patients (32.5%), Brunn's nest in 19 patients (22.0%), carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 5 patients, squamous metaplasia in one patient. Patients with dysplasia and hyperplasia were found more frequently with grade 3 tumors than with grade 1, 2 tumors, but there was no correlation with tumor stage. We could not find any correlation between Brunn's nest and grade. One patient with grade 2 tumor and four with grade 3 tumor were found with CIS. The one, three and five year-survival rates for total 86 patients were 78.5%, 54.2% and 47.2%, respectively. Tumor grade and stage were factors which affected prognosis. Secondary bladder tumors were found frequently in low grade tumor and/or low stage tumors. The presence of dysplasia and hyperplasia had no positive correlation with the frequency of secondary bladder tumors. Multiple tumors were unrelated to grade and stage, but coexistent with dysplasia lesions more frequently.

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The anti-tumor effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (OHP) has been well known entity for the past few decades. In a review of recent literatures, however few reports have appeared in therapeutic application of OHP on bladder tumors and its real efficacy has not yet been established.
In this report, bladder tumors were induced by the administration of 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydrox-ybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) at high frequency in male wistar strain rats and therapeutic effects of OHP with or without 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-primidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl) -3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) on these neoplasms were investigated. All rats given 0.05% BBN for 18 weeks were randomly divided into three groups and received following treatments: Group I, no treatment; Group II, intraperitoneal injection of 5mg of ACNU once a week from the 13th week to the 19th week; and Group III, the same ACNU medication of Group II rats associated with OHP-treatment from the 11th week to the 19th week. All animals fasted overnight were sacrificed on the 20th week. A bladder tissue removed from each rat was weighed, checked the possible occurrence of tumor development and studied the histopathological findings of this organ. From these recognitions, anti-tumor effect of ACNU or ACNU plus OHP was analyzed.
Results have been presented: 1) that bladder tumors were induced histopathologically 90% of rats in Group I, but only 9.1% in Group II and 0% in Group III (p<0.01; compared to Group I, respectively); 2) that the average weight of Group I rats was not significantly different from that of Group II rats, but this variable of Group III rats was 43% (p<0.01) or 32% (p<0.05) lower than that of Group I or Group II rats; 3) that the regression was histopathologicaly found in all rats of Group II and III, and the degree of it in Group III rats was not so remarkable as in Group II animals.
Based on these findings, OHP therapy appears to be effective on experimentaly induced bladder tumors and might be available for the adjuvant therapy of these neoplasms.

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In our previous stydy, a technique for measuring arterial blood flow by the ultrasonic duplex system was established.
Using the duplex system, renal blood flow was measured in 31 patients who had undergone renal transplantation. The arterial blood flow patterns of the graft were classified into the following six groups.
I) normal pattern
II) decrease in systolic flow
III) decrease in both systolic and diastolic flow
IV) interruption of diastolic flow
V) disappearance of diastolic flow
VI) vibration of vessel
We have found successive measurements of the blood flow patterns at the same sampling point to be of great value in the follow-up observation of posttransplant patients. This technique could diagnose acute rejection in the period of posttransplant anuria. Arterial blood flow pattern from renal parenchyma correlated well with renal function.
It is our conclusion that this technique is easy to perform and useful for management of renal transplant recipients.

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Three patients with bilateral renal cell carcinoma were treated surgically during a 13 year period in Fukuoka University Hospital. One patient, 47 year-old male, treated by bilateral nephrectomy with subsequent hemodialysis died, free of malignancy, of a metabolic disease caused by hemodialysis 5 years postoperatively. The remaining 2 patients, 64 year-old male and 71 year-old female, treated by parenchyme-preserving surgery, which is partial nephrectomy and tumor enucleation, are well without evidence of disease in a follow-up ranged from 2 years and 8 months to 7 years.
Although various surgical procedures for bilateral renal cell carcinoma are available, partial nephrectomy can yield excellent tumor control and enucleative surgery is also a viable option in selected patients.

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This paper demonstrated the effect of autonomic drugs on the proximal urethra using muscle strips taken from the female dog urethra. The circularly and longitudinally oriented strips of proximal urethra were suspended in an organ bath containing Krebs-Ringer solution at 37°C oxygenated 95% O₂+5% CO₂. In addition, the muscle structure of the same region was histologically studied.
Phenylephrine and norepinephrine caused contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscle strips. These responses were blocked by prazosin (α₁-blocker). Isoproterenol caused relaxation of the circular and longitudinal strips, which were blocked by propranolol (β-blocker). The responses of the circular strips to these adrenergic drugs were significantly stronger than the longitudinal ones.
The effect of acetylcholine on the longitudinal strips showed a dose-dependent contraction. Atropine blocked this response. In the circular strips, stimulation with acetylcholine resulted in an initial small contraction followed by a large relaxation. Atropine did not block this effect of acetylcholine, indicating that this biphasic response was not mediated by muscarinic receptors. Furthermore, the contraction and relaxation phase were blocked by prazosin and propranolol, respectively, suggesting that acetylcholine stimulates the circular musculature of the proximal urethra through α- and β-adrenergic receptors.
Histologically, the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layer were observed in the proximal urethra. The circular muscle layer was much greater than the longitudinal layer. In addition, a detrusor muscle extended into the proximal urethra, composing the external longitudinal layer of musculature.
These results were discussed with relation to the continence and relaxation mechanism of the proximal urethra.

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A total of 37 subjects, including 6 normal boys and 31 patients with enuresis (20 males and 11 females) underwent studies of isometric detrusor pressures by voluntary and forced flow-stop techniques.
There were no statistical differences in maximum isometric detrusor pressures and speed of detrusor contractions between normal boys and male enuretics. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the parameter of the isometric detrusor pressure rise above the maximum detrusor pressure between normal boys and male enuretics with unstable bladders. There were ly significant differences (p<0.05) in maximum isometric detrusor pressures obtained by these two techniques between male enuretics with stable bladder and those with unstable bladders. There also was a statistical difference in the parameter of the isometric detrusor pressure rise above the maximum detrusor pressure between these patients.
Maximum isometric pressures obtained with two flow-stop techniques in male enuretics were significantly higher than those in female enuretics (p<0.01, 0.05). Maximum isometric detrusor pressures obtained by the two flow-stop techniques were significantly higher than maximum detrusor pressures in normal boys and patients with enuresis. There were no statistical differences in the speed of detrusor contraction between normal boys and male and female patients with enuresis.
There were relatively good correlations between maximum isometric pressure and speed of detrusor contraction obtained by the two flow-stop techniques (r=0.629, 0.672).

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A 56-year-old man, having been pointed out a left renal mass three years before at an other institution, visited this hospital for further examination. DIP demonstrated a protrusive mass, about 4cm in diameter, in the upper pole of the left kidney. Selective renal angiography revealed a spoke-wheel appearance and puddling in some area, without irregularity, dilatation and interruption of the vascularity. The simultaneously performed angiographic CT revealed that the tumor had a heterogenous structure. From the above findings, the possibilities of angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma could not be ruled out, although renal cell carcinoma was the most probable diagnosis. Since the site of tumor was suitable for partial nephrectomy, left partial nephrectomy was performed, taking advantage of the frozen-section diagnosis during operation. Both routine pathological examination and electron microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis of left renal oncocytoma. Postoperative DIP showed good excretion on the operated kidney. Indication of partial nephrectomy for renal oncocytoma was discussed.

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