In 82 kidneys of 56 patients with urological kidney diseases, renal venous pressure, renal oxygen arterial-venous difference and hematocrit difference were measured by means of renal vein catheterization.
The results were as follows:
1) Normal renal venous pressure of right kidney averaged of 10 cases was 131.7mmH₂O (114 to 165mmH₂O) and that of left kidney averaged of 19 cases was 143.8mmH₂O (122 to 177mmH₂O), taking zero point 8cm above the table top. Since renal venous pressure taken from right side is usually considered, the measured data should be multiplied by 0.916, if the data from left side is to be discussed.
2) Absolute value of renal venous pressure has nothing to do with the sorts of disease or function of the kidney. However, the cases in which bilateral measurements were carried out so that extrarenal factors were considered to be excluded, revealed generally lower renal venous pressure on the side of affected kidney than on the healthy side.
3) The mean of normal renal oxygen arterial-venous difference of 21 kidneys was 1.72 vol% (1.0 to 2.5 vol%), of which 8 measurements on right side and 13 measurements on left side revealed as average 1.725 vol% and 1.715 vol% respectively. Sufficiently deep left renal vein catheterization was proved to enable to take the pure renal venous blood.
4) The more serious the damage of renal function, the greater the renal oxygen arterial-venous difference.
5) Renal hematocrit arterial-venous difference was not constant. Generally speaking, however, renal venous hematocrit was higher than renal arterial hematocrit, especially inaffected kidney. The difference was greater than five in 4 cases of kidney affection.

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(1) Aortographic changes after the uretero-enterostomy, immediately after the operation to 3 months, were examined on 6 dogs, in which the left ureter was implanted into the sigmoid colon and the right was kept intact.
(2) On the other hand, aortographic examination was made on 6 dogs, in which the left ureter was ligated and the right ureter was kept intact.
(3) No roentgenological changes of nephrograms and renal arteriograms were observed immediately after the uretero-enterostomy.
(4) But, enlargement of the renal shadow and narrowing and elongation of the renal arterial trees were observed on aortograms, 1 month to 3 months after the uretero-enterostomy.
(5) In experimental hydronephrosis, that developed during 2-3 weeks after the ligation of the ureter, aortographic changes were enlargement and thinning of the renal shadow and narrowing and elongation of the renal arterial trees.
(6) As the aortographic changes which occurred some period later after the uretero-enterostomy bear resemblance to that of experimental hydronephrosis, these changes after the uretero-enterostomy seem to be the changes subsequent to stenosis at the point of uretero-enteric anastomosis.
(7) Prognostic significance of these changes in the uretero-enterostomy is not negligible, as these changes stand in close relation to the decreased renal blood flow and the poor renal function.

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Dogs used in this experiment (totalling fourty-six) were divided into two groups; The first group consisting of 13 dogs was subjected to the right-side uretero-sigmoidostomy (Coffey-I method), thereafter too the injection of the Indian ink into the abdominal aorta at various post-operative periods. The second group consisting of five dogs was subjected to occlusion of the right ureter aiming hydronephrosis of the operated side, thereafter to the injection of the Indian ink. Macroscopic and histological comparison of bilateral kidneys, one the operated, the other intact, were carried out and also that of the second group with the first.
Results of the experiment were following
1) In the first group in which the uretero-sigmoidostomy was done, the distributed amount of the Indian ink was smaller than expected normally up to the third day in bilateral kidneys irrespective of cortex and medulla without any deviation of renal circulation such as called “shunt”. Then it gradually increased to normal at about the seventh day in the operated side and at about the tenth day in the non-operated side. Thereafter, however, in the kidneys whose ureters were anastomosed, swelling of epithelial cells lining the tubules, dilatation of the tubular lumen and retention of the secretion, which began to be noticed already several days after the anastomoais, advanced further. Fourteenth day post-operatively hydronephrosis developed gradually, in parallel to which the amount of the. Indian ink in both cortex and medlla decreased again. This change became more remarkable toward the seventieth day when hydronephrotic atrophy was far advanced.
2) In the second group of the occlusion of the ureter histological signs of hydronephrosis appeared already at the fifth day paralleling to which the amount of the Indian ink distributed within the kidney decreased irrespective of cortex and medulla. This tendency became marked at about the tenth day when the hydronephrosis was recognized macroscopically. This finding corresponded to that seen at the fourteenth day in the first group in which uretero-sigmoidostomy was performed.
Following conclusions were drawn from the results of these experiments in consideration of a series of experiments done in our department in which clearance test and renal arteriography were carried out after the uretero-sigmoidostomy: Immediately after the uretero-sigmoidostomy transient decrease of renal blood flow was observed without vasospasm or deviation of the stream, which was considered to result directly from the affected ureter and from general condition of the body after operation. The decrease of renal blood flow which again became remarkable after the fourteenth day should not be considered characteristic of the uretero-intestinal anastomoais but resulting from a hydronephrotic change.

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Such substances as the emulsion of the human tuberculous kidney and of normal one as. the control, BCG, sterilized tubercle bacilli, and tuberculin were injected into normal adult male rabbits. The changes caused thereby in phosphatase reactions of neutrophilic leucocytes inn peripheral blood smears were observed by the method of Takeuchi et al, at pH 5.6 and 9.3. The phosphatase activities were also measured by Bodansky modified method (pH 5.0 and pH 9.3).
1) In normal adult male rabbits, both acid and alkaline phosphatase reactions appeared mainly in plotoplasm of neutrophilic leucocytes. The intensity of phosphatase reaction varied considerably according to individuals. An appearance of moderately and strongly positive reaction was common.
2) In the cases of rabbits injected with normal kidney emulsion, a change in the phosphatase reactions of neutrophilic leucocytes was, if any, absent in general when injected with tuberculous kidney emulsion, however, the phosphatase reactions of leucocytes showed a considerable increase.
3) An injection with BCG, sterilized tuberclous bacilli, tuberculin caused only a slight change in phosphatases.
4) An injection with tuberculous or non-tuberculous kidney emulsion, BCG and tuberculin caused only a slight change in the activity of phosphatase.
5) The increase in phosphatase reaction in leucocytes by tuberculosis of kidney and other organs may have a close relation with tuberculous inflammation. The phosphatase may have a cleaning action of tuderclous lesions.

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About 29 cases of ureteral tumor have been reported in Japan. I wish to contribute to the literature by subscribing my communications on 3 cases.

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