Concerning radioisotope renogram, following investigations were made in respect of: 1) the requirements for measuring apparatus and its measuring method, 2) the results of animal experiments and 3) on the appraisal of its clinical application.
1) The measuring apparatus were fixed with a collimeter and a discriminater, thereby accuracy was highly assured. As to the measuring method, the dosage was fixed at the rate of 4μc per 10kg body weight, and examinees were given diuresis to accelerate the urination. Measurements were taken mainly in sitting position. The test materials were: ¹³¹I-Diodrast, ¹³¹I-Urokon and ¹³¹I-Hippuran.
2) The experiments were conducted with ¹³¹I-Diodrast on adult dog, with normal kidney, with stricture of renal arterie, with hydronephrosis, with absence kidney, etc. The normal renogram curves shows three segments which are characteristic of normal kidney, especially the renal tubular function and retention in the renal pelvis were clearly indicated. The renogram of diseased kidneys show varied curves of the split function, correspondingly to each cases.
3) Clinical experiments consist of 381 cases; namely 350 Diodrast cases, 21 Urokon cases and 10 Hippuran cases. For the analysis of renogram, renal vascularity value, retention rate, maximum count, peak time and half crest count time etc. were determined as the normal renogram base factors. A close relationship were observed between the qualitative classification of renogram curves and fraction data of p. s. p test.
The clinical application also proved that renogram was useful in the practice of determining various values in clinical cases, suggestes its useful application not only in urology but also in field of internal medicine.

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A method for determining human plasma antidiuretic substance (ADS) with Bufo vulgaris japonicus is described. Bioassay of human plasma ADS with the toad was establiched as a method of clinical investigations by Buchborm in 1955 and Lauber et al. in 1959. The principle of the method is a utilization of a characteristic water balance of the toad to mammalian neurohypophyseal extracts. The level of human plasma ADS is represented by a percent weight gain of the toad resulted from increased percutaneous water uptake and decreased diuresis following injection of human plasma. Because of natural water loading to the toad suppression of the neurohypophyseal function in the method is well enough with resultant minimal technical errors. Responses of the toad to pitressin plotted against logarithm doses of it presented a linear course within the range of 5 to 1000μu per ml plasma. Simplicity and exactitude of the procedure warrant a clinical application of the method.
The results in patients with various urological conditions are as follows:
1) ADS levels in normal subjects with unrestrained fluid intake ranged from 0 to 33μu per 0.1ml plasma with an average of 10μu per 0.1ml. In the same cases ADS levels ranged from 0 to 46μu per 0.1ml after fluid intake restraint for 10 hours and no rntidiuretic activities were verified following intake of 1, 500ml water.
2) In cases with lesions of neurohypophyseal functions plasma ADS levels were low, while the levels were slightly high following operative invasions.
3) In normal subjects ADS levels showed a tendency of increase in course of concentration test while a remarkable decrease in course of dilution test. Following hypothalamopituitary x-ray irradiation which was done in patients with prostatic carcinoma plasma antidiuretic activities increased relatively in course of dilution test. In cases with disturbances of renal functions they kept a slightly high levels both in courses of concentration and dilution. Plasma ADS levels were well correlated with values of urine volume, urine concentration, osmolar clearance and free water clearance in course of dilution, but not in course of concentration.
4) In patients with edema the high levels of ADS were well correlated with increases of total body extracellular and intracellular fluids and decrease of plasma volume. Exceptionally the edematic patients without decrease of plasma volume showed normal ADS levels. When the patient restored from edema, plasma ADS levels also decreased to the normal.

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