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Volume 79, Issue 2
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Neural Regulation versus Humoral RegulationYoung-Chol Park1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 203-213
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContribution of the sympathetic nervous system to obstructive and irritative symptoms in benign prostatic hypertrophy was studied with special reference to the problem of neural versus humoral regulation. Concentration of noradrenalin in tissue of the prostate was significantly low in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy than in those with bladder neck dysfunciton or in normal subjects. This indicates that sympathetic innervation nerver increases proportionally to the growth of prostatic adenoma. On the other hand, prostatic urethal pressure was significantly increased by intravenous infusion of noradrenalin (5μg/ml) in benign prostatic hypertrophy, and a per-cent increase of the pressure showed a linear correlation to the volume of the prostate. These results suggest that the number of alpha-receptors increases in proportion to the increase of smooth muscle cell component in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Since uroflow rates were exacerbated and residual urine volume incrased significantly after loading noradrenalin in benign prostatic hypertrophy, it is suggested that acute retention and deterioration of symptoms in benign prostatic hypertrophy may be caused by increase of intrinsic catecholamine level. Furthermore, the prostatic urethal pressure significantly increased after loading noradrenalin in patients with uninhibited detrusor contraction. This also indicates that detrusor instability in benign prostatic hypertrophy may be caused by urethal instability which is induced by an increase of intrinsic catecholamine level. Humoral sympathetic regulation plays an important role as a cause of obstrucitve and irritative symptoms in benign prostatic hypertrophy, and control of the humoral sympathetic mechanism in the prostatic urethra is an important clue for satisfactory treatment of these symptoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1471K) -
Toyohei Machida, Kazuya Tashiro, Atsushi Mochizuki, Yukihiko Ohoishi, ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 214-219
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report describes the results of clinical trials of the second generation extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (EDAP LT-01) in patients with upper urinary tract stones. Thirty-two patients (33 kidneys) treated during the period of February through April 1987 were enrolled in the present study. The site of presence of urinary tract stones was the renal pelvis in 16 cases, renal calyx in 11 cases, upper ureter in 2 cases and lower ureter in 3 cases. The size of the stone was smaller than 1cm in 4 cases, 1 to 2cm in 20 cases, 2 to 3cm in 7 cases and larger than 3cm in 2 cases. The procedure was performed generally without anesthesia, but epidural anesthesia was used in some cases. The intensity of shock waves was 100% in all cases, with a frequency of 1.25 to 20 per second lasting 60min per treatment. Stone targeting was determined by sector echo from two dimensions. During therapy, patients were made to assume the supine position when the stones were in the kidney or upper ureter, and the prone position when the stones were in the lower ureter. The results were successful in 69.7% including complete or partial destruction of the stones, i. e., the rate of destruction of the stones was 75%, 50% and 33.3% in the kidney, upper ureter and lower ureter, respectively. The procedure was effective in 79% of the patients with stones not larger than 2cm in diameter. However, complete destruction was not achieved in those with stoens larger than 3cm in diameter. For relief of pain during the procedure, 6 cases did not require any treatment, and 22 cases needed only analgesic agents while extradural anesthesia was required in 4 cases (12.5%) only. Therefore, it was possible to perform the procedure at the outpatient clinic. The only side effects to be observed were marcroscopic hematuria, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting and pain as well as transient changes in blood corpusles. ESWL performed by this device was confirmed to be an excellent means of treating urinary tract stones without problematic side effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (2637K) -
Munehisa Takashi, Junji Tanaka, Hideo Mitsuya, Tatsuro Murase, Hajime ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 220-226
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify whether serum γ-enolase is a useful marker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), serum levels of α- and γ-enolases in RCC patients were determined using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay system. Aγ/α+γ value, the proportion of the γ-enolase to total enolases, was calculated for each serum sample.
Serum levels of γ-enolase in healthy subjects (n=100) ranged 1.6-5.8ng/ml (mean±SD: 3.1±0.9ng/ml). The upper limit of normal serum γ-enolase, defined as the mean plus three standard deviations was 6ng/ml, and so all values greater than 6ng/ml were considered to be positive. Of 65 patients with RCC, 40 (63%) had elevated serum levels of γ-enolase. Their mean value of 8.3±4.6ng/ml (n=61) was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (p<0.001). On the other hand, serum levels of α-enolase were 71±55ng/ml in RCC patients and 67±24ng/ml in healthy subjects. Consequently, the value of γ/α+γ in serum of RCC patients (13.6%) was higher than that of normal subjects (4.7%) (p<0.001). The positive rates of serum γ-enolase for RCC were 52% in stage I, 50% in stage II, 67% in stage III and 68% in stage IV. The mean value of serum γ-enolase in patients with high-stage tumors (III+IV) was significantly higher than that for low-stage tumors (I+II) (p<0.05). In 23 patients treated by complete surgical excision, serum γ-enolase was significantly reduced after the operation (p<0.05). Furthermore, when distant metastasis appeared, serum γ-enolase increased in all the 6 patients for whom serial measurements were performed.
Serum γ-enolase could be a useful marker for staging and monitoring the clinical course of patients with RCC.View full abstractDownload PDF (785K) -
Sachio Kanamori, Kazutaka Horiuchi, Shinsuke Yamada, Yasunori Terashim ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 227-234
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is very important to know which anti-cancer agent is most effective before these drugs are administered to the patient. Although there have been various kinds of chemosensititity test reported, none of them is perfect. The chemosensitivity assay defined by the incorporation of radioactive materials is known to be rapid and easy but only used for the cases of gastrointestinal or lung cancers. In this report, fundamental analysis of this assay is carried out for the purpose of the clinical application to genitourinary cancers. After harvesting the cells on filter paper by automatic multiple cell harvester, the paper was dried for 50 seconds. This modification spared several steps, formerly used, such as harvesting the cells on a glass fiber paper, drying the paper at room temperature, treating with 5% TCA, drying again at room temperature and keeping in scintillation counting fluid at 4°C overnight. The cells used in this experiment are derived from a human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (NTB-2), a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3), a carcinoma of human urinary bladder transplantable to nude mice (NM-B-1) and a human prostatic carcinoma transplantable to nude mice (PRO-1). The best conditions to perform this assay, determined by the above four lines, composed of cell number 1×104/well and measurement of incorporated radioactive materials on day 4. Ten kinds of anticancer agents suppressed DNA synthesis most effectively and had least effect on RNA synthesis in PC-3 and protein synthesis is most inhibited in NBT-2. These data demonstrate that it is decided by the cancer cells but not by the anti-cancer agents, which of DNA, RNA or protein synthesis is suppressed most effectively. Two months after subcutaneous transplantation of PC-3 to nude mice, this tumor was excised for chemosensitivity to compare with the original in vitro cancer cell line. The same results of chemosensitivity between excised tumor and an in vitro cell line were obtained using ten kinds of anti-cancer agents at three different concentrations. These data show that the radioactive material is incorporated into tumor cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K) -
Hiroaki Miyashita, Hiroki Watanabe, Hiroshi Ohe, Yasuhiro Itakura, Kat ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 235-238
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2D-Doppler color flow mapping was applied to the diagnosis of prostatic diseases. For this purpose, we used a new equipment (Aloka UST-M57-239-2-5) which was developed originally for the detection of renal blood flow through the esophagus.
In nine out of 15 examinees, blood flow images were observed. Blood flow image was detected in the center of the prostate in an untreated case of advanced prostatic cancer. That in 5 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy was detected at the margin of the prostate. That in a case of prostatitis was detected outside of the prostate. It is suggested that this new tool is useful for diagnosis of prostatic diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (3129K) -
Investigation of Natural Killer Cell Activity from the Standpoint of Stage and Antitumor Therapy of Genito-Urinary Tract CarcinomasKiyoshi Fukasawa1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 239-245
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNatural killer (NK) cells are considered to belong to non-B and non T-lymphocytes and have an antitumor activity in vivo. In our current study, we have investigated the changes of NK cell activities in uro-genital cancer patients.
Subject: The subjects included in the study were 38 patients with urinary bladder cancer, 23 with prostatic cancer, 7 with renal cell carcinoma and 11 healthy adults.
Methods: The NK cell activity was measured by 51Cr-release assay using peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with uro-genital cancer and healthy adults. The values obtained were evaluated by converting them into C. I. values, taking % lysis of healthy adults as 100.
Results: 1) A significant decline of the NK activity was recognized in cases of progressive urinary bladder cancer and prostatic cancer, and those of renal cell carcinoma. 2) A significant enhancement of the activity was noted in patients whose urinary bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma were resected and 3) the NK cell activity was significantly attenuated when chemotherapy (Mitomycin-C+5-Fluorouracil) and radiotherapy (60Co; 60Gy) were performed in patients with renal cell carcinoma after their tumors were resected.
Thus, development of more effective therapies enhancing the NK cell activity is awaited because the NK cell activity was attenuated in a number of cases of cancer bearing living bodies and because various antitumor therapies eventnally reduced the NK cell activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (924K) -
Kazunari Tanabe, Kota Takahashi, Hiroshi Toma, Hayakazu Nakazawa, Nobu ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 246-253
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe urinary tract infection during one month following renal transplantation was retrospectively reveiewed. Azathioprine and methylprednisolone were used as basic immunosuppressive agents in 76 cases (AZ group) and ciclosporin plus methylprednisolone (CYA group) in 187 cases. Indwelling Foley catheters were routinely left in place for about one week after surgery. However, in some anuric cases, they were removed within 1-2 postoperative days. Prophylactic antibiotics were given in all cases for 4 to 7 postoperative days. The incidence of urinay tract infection (UTI) was 64.5% in AZ group and 63.6% in CYA group. There was no significant difference between them. The major infecting organisms were Enterococcus sp., Serratia marcescens., E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae and there was no difference in these two groups. The patients who had streptococcus faecalis as the pathogen of urinary tract infection had higher incidence of acute rejections than other patients who had other organisms, as reported by the other authors.
CYA group was divided into two subgroups; urinary tract infection group (UTI-group) and nonurinary tract infection group (non-UTI group). UTI group had (1) a longer term of indwelling catheter than non-UTI group, (2) many more cases of living related renal transplantations than cadaveric renal transplantations, and (3) a significantly higher serum trough level of CYA.
There were 17 symptomatic urinary tract infections in 15 patients in CYA group. Acute prostatitis was the most frequent symptomatic infection and was 47.6% of all symptomatic urinary tract infections. Average CYA trough level of symptomatic UTI (303.4±172.2ng/ml) was higher than that of non-UTI group. Of five cases which had bacteremia during the study period, 4 (80%) originated from symptomatic UTI.
It was concluded that early removal of the indwelling catheter, and controlling CYA trough level in an appropriate range (<200ng/ml) were extremely important for preventing UTI. Also, prevention and intense treatment of the symptomatic urinary tract infection are most important for reducing bacteremia after renal transplantation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1127K) -
Takumi Kumazaki1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 254-264
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of adrenergic drugs on urethral compliance and urethral closure pressure at the proximal urethra in dogs were investigated using a new probe.
The probe, with a balloon at the tip, was equipped with two generating and two detecting electrodes. The probe was inserted to the proximal urethra and then saline was infused to the balloon with an infusion pump at a constant rate.
The pressure and cross sectional area of the urethra were recorded and the correlation curve of these parameters was drawn. The regression equation (Y=AX+B) was determined from the curve. Urethral compliance was indicated by the value of A, closure pressure was indicated by the value of -B/A and the maximum cross sectional area was measured when no more distension of the urethra was obtained.
The following is a summary of the results.
1) After administration of phenylephrine, urethral compliance was decreased. After administration of prazosin and labetalol urethral compliance was increased. There were significant statistical changes.
2) Urethral closure pressure was decreased after administration of dopamine and haloperidol.
3) After administration of clonidine, yohimbine, isoproterenol and propranolol, urethral compliance and closure pressure did not change.
These results indicate that adrenergic drugs work on urethral compliance and that alpha adrenergic receptor subtype in the proximal urethra is the alpha-1 type. The urethral closure pressure change after dopamine administration seems to be a response mediated by dopamine receptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (2777K) -
Tsuneharu Miki, Shigeru Saiki, Toshiaki Kinouchi, Masao Kuroda, Hisaka ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 265-273
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGerminal testicular cancers (15 seminomas and 19 non-seminomas) were xenotransplanted into nude mice aseptically. The primary take did not develop in seminomas. On the other hand, the primary take developed in 9 non-seminomatous tumors (47%). Four lines of non-seminomas (TTSC-1, -2, -3, -4) were serially heterotransplanted into nude mice. The histological appearance of the transplanted tumor was slightly different from that of the original tumor. Histology of the original tumor of the TTSC-1, -2, -3 was teratocarcinoma. However, the component of embryonal carcinoma became dominant after serial transplantation. The TTSC-4 (teratocarcinoma) preserved the histological characteristics of the original tumor. The transplanted tumors maintained the ability to produce alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin.View full abstractDownload PDF (5374K) -
Shizuo Yagi, Tsutomu Shirahama, Toshihiro Goto, Ying Fai Chen, Toshiak ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 274-282
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical and histopathological investigation were made on 91 patients with bladder cancer who were undergone total cystectomy at the Department of Urology, Kagoshima University Hospital from 1971 to 1986.
5 year survival rate according to pathological stage was 71% for patients in pT1, 55.6% in pT2, 26.5% in pT3a, 19.1% in pT3b. A significant difference between pT2 and pT3a was found in the survival rate (p<0.01).
Based on pathological grade, 5 year survival rate was 100% in Grade 1, 70.4% in Grade 2, 28.4% in Grade 3.
A significant difference in the survival rate was observed between Grade 2 and 3 (p<0.05). 5 year survival rate according to lymphatic carcinomatous permeation also showed significant difference between ly0 and ly1, ly2 (p<0.01). The incidence of recurrence and metastases were 13.2% in lymph nodes, 4.4% in bone and 3.3% in the liver.
Urethral recurrence was recognized in 4 cases (4.4%). Of two cases with liver metastasis and one case with intrapelvic recurrence were detected. As to the incidence of lymph node metastasis according to site, internal iliac lymph nodes were mostly involved (23.1%) followed by obturator lymph nodes (11.3%) and external iliac lymph nodes (6.2%). All of 9 cases with local recurrence showed lymphatic permeation and 7 of 9 cases with distant metastases showed deep lymphatic permeation. It was obvious that not only pathological grade and stage but also lymphatic permeation influenced the prognosis of the cases with bladder cancer.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
Taiji Nishimura, Naoki Kawamura, Narumi Tsuboi, Makoto Hara, Hiroyuki ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 283-286
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial cultures of removed calculi and post-operative urine were performed for 40 patients who had had percutaneous nephrolithotomy, to study the relation between them.
Although stone cultures were positive in 17 cases (42.5%), the same bacteria were detected in both stone and post-operative urine in only one case. In this case, from our experience contamination of instruments seemed to be the source of infection.
We concluded bacteria residing within the stone rarely cause post-operative urinary tract infection in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Technical problems in these studies were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
Method of Hydrogen Gas ClearanceShuji Kiyotaki1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 287-296
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTissue blood flow of the bladder in Wistar rat was measured by hydrogen gas clearance method to determine regional bladder circulation of normal and bladder tumor.
Under anesthesia with pentobarbital the bladder was exposed through a midline laparotomy. A reference electrode was placed into subcutaneous layer and a platinum electrode was inserted into the aimed portion of the bladder wall.
Firstly, the blood flows in normal bladders and bladders with tumor were determined. The mean values of regional submucosal and muscular blood flow in normal bladders were 95.1±32.0 (M±SD) /ml/min/100g and 110.9±29.5 (M±SD)/ml/min/100g, respectively. On the other hand, in the bladder with BBN induced transitional cell carcinoma Grade 1-2, the values of regional tumor and muscular blood flows were 87.7±40.1 (M±SD)/ml/min/100g and 138.2±41.7 (M±SD)/ml/min/100g, respectively.
Secondly, the experiments were designed to investigate the effect of hyperthermia on the microcirculation of normal and tumor tissues. The hyperthermia was induced by the method of irrigation with saline heated at 44°C. Then, the differences of the flow were investigated between pre-hyperthermia and hyperthermia phases. In normal bladders, remarkable changes of blood flow in the muscular layer were not observed in the two phases. However, in the bladder tumor, the value of blood flow was markedly decreased in 60 minutes with hyperthermia. Histopathological findings of the tumor tissue after irrigation at 44°C confirmed the effects of hyperthermic action as the disturbance in the tumor circulation.
Thus, the disturbance of blood circulation in the tumor was regarded as one of the important thermal effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (7313K) -
Kazuo Gohji, Hiroshi Maeda, Masato Fugisawa, Sadao Kamidono, Masuyoshi ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 297-301
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen patients with middle and lower ureter stones located under the 5th lumbar vertebra (L5), which were designated as primary middle and lower ureter stones, and 5 patients with the larger fragments located under the sacro-iliac joint after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for upper ureter stones or renal calculi, which were designated as secondary lower ureter stones, were treated by ESWL. The patients were treated while sitting with a wedged pillow inserted behind their back, different from the treatment of renal calculi. Many patients were treated in combination with epidual (L1-L2) and sacral anesthesia. Four of 10 patients were treated with ureteral manipulation (ureteral catheter or ureteral balloon catheter). The fragments completely passed in all patients with primary middle and lower ureter stones. In four of the 5 patients with secondary middle and lower ureter stones, the fragments completely passed. The other with small fragments were followed in out patient clinic. None of the 15 patients treated by ESWL showed severe complications.
Our study demonstrated that ESWL was a safe and useful method for middle and lower ureter stones in addition to the upper ureter stones and renal calculi. ESWL was performed at least twice in patients with middle or lower ureter stones. Transurethral ureterolithotripsy and surgical prosedure should be performed in unsuccessful cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
Yasuo Takahashi, Kamon Shimizu, Kyouich Imai, Kazuhisa Saruki, Masaya ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 302-308
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough in aging men the development of BPH is almost an universal phenomenon, the cause of this disorder is poorly understood. Recently, the role of estrogens in the physiological regulation of prostatic growth in men is one of great speculation. On the other hand the aromatization of androgens by adipose tissue is an important source of estrogens in men. And, it was reported that high plasma estrogen levels were observed in obese men. We have noted that adipose tissue is able to form and store estrogen, and studied relationships between obesity and BPH, serum estrogen, and aromatase activity of adipose tissue.
Close examination of the relation between obesity and BPH revealed that the lager adenoma greq, the greater the ratio of obese men. Serum estradiol levels were elevated in obese men. And, correlations were significant (p<0.01) between serum estradial and score of obesity using broca index. But aromatase activity of adiposal stroma cell had no relation to obesity. Consequently, the increase in estrogen formation as a function of obesity is due to increased numbers of adipose cell.
These results sugested that obesity had some connection with induction or growth of BPH, due to estrogen formation of adipose tissue.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Tsutomu Shirahama, Yoshitada Ohi1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 309-315
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA primary human renal cell carcinoma has been developed as a xenograft (KDR-1). Passage 5 of KDR-1 strain has histopathologically sustained granular cell type, grade 2 and alveolar type tumor. Electron microscopy revealed the epithelial characteristics of renal cell carcinoma. The doubling time was 6.5 days. The essential histologic characteristics of KDR-1 derived from original tumor has never changed after serial transplantation to nude mice.
Lectin binding affinity of BPA, PNA, DBA UEA-1 and LTA-Ft was investigated using a highly sensitive avidin-biotin peroxidase method. The original and the initial transplant specimens showed strongly positive staining to PNA, but the passage 7 specimen poorly to PNA.
The results indicated that the specific binding site of PNA changed after serial transplantation to nude mice, although the pathological features maintained the characteristics of the original tumor.View full abstractDownload PDF (5816K) -
Jun Taniguchi, Nobuo Moriyama, Makoto Hara, Keiko Fukutani, Kazuki Kaw ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 316-320
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmunohistochemical staining of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was performed in 101 patients with prostatic cancer before and after treatment in order to evaluate histochemical findings in regard to clinical stage, grades and therapeutic effects. The antibodies for prostatic acid phosphatase used in this study consisted of 2 monoclonal types from Hybritech Inc. (MHPAP) and Biogenex Inc. (MBPAP) and a polyclonal type from Milab. Inc. The polyclonal antibody to PAP was stained positively in almost 100% of prostatic tussues taken from the patients before therapy regardless of clinical stages and grades. Utilizing the monoclonal antibodies the rates of positive staining were higher in well differentiated carcinoma (68% in MHPAP and 76% in MBPAP) than in poorly differentiated carcinoma (42% in MHPAP and 33% in MBPAP). Cases which made good response to endocrine therapy showed higher positive rates using monoclonal antibodies (62% in MHPAP and 53% in MBPAP). However, the positive rates were low in cases resistant to the therapy (29% in MHPAP and 19% in MBPAP) and in hormone-refractory cases (38% in MHPAP and 32% in MBPAP). Nine cases which did not respond to multimodal therapy revealed low positive rates in prostatic tissues obtained after the therapy by both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Especially, by the monoclonal antibodies, the rates were extremely decreased (11% in MHPAP and 0% in MBPAP). There was a high correlation of positiveness and negativeness between the two monoclonal antibodies (77% of correlation rate). Histochemical staining technique using monoclonal antibodies for PAP with biopsy specimens of the prostate taken before and during therapy could be a useful marker of prostatic carcinoma to predict the therapeutic effects and prognosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (2416K) -
Katsumi Ohnishi, Hiroki Watanabe, Hiroshi Ohe, Yasuhiro Itakura, Tadas ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 321-325
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify how precisely digital palpation gives information on prostatic size, evaluation of the size measurement of the prostate by means of transrectal sonography (TRS) was performed on 1, 543 subjects with various porstatic disorders.
There was no agreement between the assessment of prostatic size by digital palpation and the ultrasonic measurement. The larger the prostate the less accurate was the digital palpation. Error was particularly noticed when the prostate was of hen's egg size. It was found that digital palpation is only good for differentiation, whether the prostate is larger than hen's egg or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (2156K) -
1. Intrarenal Localization of Actin and Possibility of Intrarenal UrodynamicsOsamu Yamaguchi, Yoshinari Sakagami, Takayuki Suzuki, Masato Kobayashi ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 326-331
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe recent biochemical study has demonstrated the presence of contractile proteins in non-muscle cells. Thus, the sliding filament mechanism involving actinmyosin interaction has been used to explain contraction and movement of non-muscle cells.
In the present study, using a SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and heavy meromyosin labeled with a fluorescent dye (DACM), the contractile protein content and its distribution in the rat kidney were investigated.
The actin and myosin contents in the renal tissure were approximately 1.0mg/g wet weight and 0.8mg/g wet weight, respectively. There was no significant difference between the contractile protein contents in the renal cortex and medulla.
The fluorescent microscopic observation showed that the renal glomeruli, the brush border regions of proximal tubules and the basal aspects of most tubules including collecting ducts were intensely stained, suggesting that these sites contain an abundance of actin filaments and have the ability to contract or generate significant changes in cell shape.
Based on these results, functional roles of renal contractile protein and a possibility of intrarenal urodynamics were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3542K) -
II. Functional Role of Contractile Proteins in the Kidney and its Response to Short Term ObstructionYoshinari Sakagami1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 332-338
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, using heavy meromyosin (HMM) labeled with a fluorescent dye (DACM), the contractile protein actin in the rabbit or rat kidney were stained. The fluorescent microscopic observation showed that the renal glomeruli and the brush border regions of proximal tubles were intensely stained. These findings indicate that glomerular cells and proximal tubular cells contain an abundance of contractile proteins.
In order to study the functional role of actin in the glomeruli and proximal tubules, the effects of cytochalasin B (actin filament inhibitor) on renal function were examined. In rabbits perf used with cytochalasin B, creatinine clearance did not show a significant change. However, excretion of phenolsulfophthalein (PSP) studied by stop flow analysis was considerably decreased, indicating that actin filaments in the brush border region were correlated with a transtubular transport of substance in the proximal tubule.
In addition, the contractile protein contents and the fluorescence patterns of actin filaments were studied using rat kidneys obstructed for 3 days. The myosin content was significantly increased in the obstructed kidney.
However, changes in the actin content were not demonstrated. Regarding actin filaments, brush border regions of proximal tubules showed faint or no fluorescence while the glomeruli were still stained. It seems form theses results that actin filaments in the brush border regions are very sensitive to hydrodynamic changes resulting from a short-term ureteral obstruction.View full abstractDownload PDF (3781K) -
Kyun Pak, Chol Jang Kim, Taira Konishi, Tadao Tomoyoshi, Isao Satoh, M ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 339-343
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a case report of idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum. The patient was a 72-year-old man who had a chief complaint of asymptomatic multiple nodules in the scrotum which were first noted at the age of thirty. Since then, the nodules had gradually increased in size and number but the patient had nerver had any associated complaints except for occasional breakage on compression, releasing chalky substance. The nodules were firm, nontender, varying in size and containing yellowish material in their centers. The nodules were not fixed to the underlying structures. X-ray pictures of the scrotum showed fine calcified shadows. The serum levels of calcium, phosphate and uric acid were normal. The serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D and 1, 25 (OH)2 vitamin D were also normal. Diagnosis of idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum was made and all visible nodules were surgically removed. On light microscopic examination, different sized irregular basophilic amorphous materials which were positively stained by the von Kossa staining were located in the dermis. Electron microscopic findings were also described briefly.View full abstractDownload PDF (3853K) -
Shiro Saito, Isao Higa, Yuzo Koyama, Tadashi Hatano, Masamichi Hayakaw ...1988 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages 344-346
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe patient was a 54-year-old fisherman. He had resection of a cauliflower like tumor, measuring 6.0×5.5cm, on the right scrotum. Pathological diagnosis of the tumor was well differenciated squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinoma of the scrotum was reported as “chimney sweep's cancer” in 1775 and is common in England and in United States, but rarely reported in Japan. Only one case has been reported during these 10 years in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (3617K)
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