In 1953 Nagata and Yamamoto developed the urine metachromatic reaction test (MR), which has since been used mainly for the diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculous disease. According to these investigators, use is made, under their original MR test, of Ziehl's carbol fuchsin solution and 10% formalin solution or 20% sulfosalicylic acid as reagents. On the basis of many studies on the MR, the mechanism underlying the color change of urine is regarded as the metachromagia of basic pigments. A choice was made of 10 basic pigments, including fuchsin. The MR test was done on 159 subjects consisting of 134 patients with urosis and 25 healthy persons and the results were compared with those of the original MR test. The present paper deals with the results thus obtained. Experimental method and material
A) Preliminary experiment
1) Pigments: All the pigments used here was basic pigments. Fuchsin, victoriablue, methyl-violet, cresylblue, anilineblue and brilliantgreen belonged to the triphenylmethan system; toluidine blue and thionine to the thiazine system; red to the azine system; and nileblue to the oxazine system. These ten pigments were specially made by Merk Co., Ltd.
2) Examination of pigments and solvents: Alcohol and water were employed as solvents in an attempt to examine the solubility and chromatic capacity of each pigment.
3) preparation of reagents: On the basis of the original MR test developed by Nagata and Yamamoto, seven saturated solutions of each pigment in 5% carbol at different rates were prepared and used as reagents.
4) Interpretation of MR test results: Using the reagents mentioned under paragraph 3, the MR test was performed on urine specimens of two cases which had positive, doubtful positive and negative results respectively from the original MR test developed by Nagata and Yamamoto. Thus attempts were undertaken to study the macroscopically optimal ratio between each pigment solution and 5% carbol solution.
5) Establishment of criteria for macroscopic interpretation of the results of the MR test in which each pigment solution in 5% carbol was used: According to the method of Nagata and Yamamoto, determination was made of color changes by each pigment solution in urine specimens which were positive, doubtful positive and negative reactions to the MR test.
B) Experiment
The MR test by the use of each pigment solution in 5% carbol: Urine was collected from 134 patients with urosis and 25 healthy persons. The MR test was run on the urine specimens by the use of each pigment solution that was prepared in the preliminary experiment under paragraph 4. The results were interpreted according to macroscopic criteria.
2) Colorimetric determination: Immediately after the MR test was done, colorimetric determination was made of three of the urine specimens, mentioned under paragraph 1, which showed positive, doubtful positive and negative results respectively to the MR test. These were observed by the use of the CIE chromaticity diagram.
Examination of significant differences: Each of the results under paragraph 1 was examine to determine whether there was 8 significant difference. Experimental results
1) The ratio between each pigment solution and 5% carbol was 10:100; that is, the standard ratio used in the original MR test developed by Nagata and Yamamoto was interpreted as optimal.
2) None of the 25 healthy persons showed positive reactions to the MR test in which 10 pigment solutions were used.
3) Of the 134 patients with urosis, 27.6% had positive MR test results in the case of fuchsin solution; 25.4% in the case of nileblue and brilliantgreen; 23.9% in the case of toluidineblue; 23.1% in the case of victoriablue, neutralred and cresylblue; and 22.4% in the case of methylviolet, thionine and anilineblue.
4) Patients with urosis were classified into tuberculous and non-tuberculous, and comparison of the MR test results was made between both groups. In the case of any one of t

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The author classified 157 cases of renal tuberculosis, whose renal functions could be examined before and after chemotherapy, into group I, 106 cases of nephrectomy and chemotherapy, group II, 51 cases of chemotherapy only, and group III, 20 cases of nephrectomy only. These 51 cases belonged to group II were further classified into:—(a) 14 cases of unilateral renal tuberculosis, (b) 20 cases of bilateral one, and (c) 17 cases of tuberculosis of the remaining kidney after nephretomy. As the control group, 34 cases of non-tuberculous renal diseases and 15 cases of nephritis were collected. These cases of chomotherapy, chiefly by SM, were also devided into four groups according to dosage: less than 15g, 16-30g, 31-60g and more than 60g. The examination of renal functions was done through the test of indigocarmin excretion, the concentration and dilution test, PSP test, NPN and urea clearance.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The improvement of renal functions in the nephrectomy group (including the cases with combined use of chemotherapy) was more favourable than in the chemotherapy group except in the NPN.
2) The relations between the improvement of renal functions and the dosage of SM (as stated above) were as follows:
a) Indigocarmin excretion test showed that the dosage of 30g SM gave the highest proportion of improvement in groups I and II (a) and (b) and that a higher dosage seemed to have nothing to do with the improvement of the renal function. However, in the cases of tuberculosis of the remaining kidney, a dosage of 60g showed a higher percentage of improvement.
b) The same tendency as showed in (a) was observed in the concentration and dilution test, PSP test, NPN and urea clearance. Generally, these tests showed that a greater dosage of SM seemed to be required for the improvement of renal functions than that showed in the concentration and dilution test.
3) The correlation between urea clearance and other tests before and after the use of SM: There was significant correlation between the concentration and dilution test and urea clearance except in group I, but even in the cases of group I there was significant correlation after medical treatment, In groups I and II (a), there was not so close a correlaton with PSP test before and after treatment. Significant inverse correlation with NPN before and after treatment was shown in group II, and the same is the case with group I and II after treatment,
4) The functions of liver and kidney were so closely connected that they often run parallel to each other.
In cases of impediment to both liver and renal functions, it was revealed that the improvement of liver functions might take place later than that of renal functions.
5) The relation with biood pressure: In the cases of nephrectomy (including the case with combined chemotherapy), the cases of falling blood pressure just after treatment were more frequently encountered than in the cases of chemotherapy only. In each group, as time went on after the treatment, the cases of rising blood pressure gradually increased in number, and those of falling blood pressure decreased.
6) Through this observation of renal function, it was reaffirmed that all the cases of renal tuberculosis could not be cured by chemotherapy alone, at least for the time being.

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Four cases of urolithiasis with the primary hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma of the parathyroid gland were experienced in the period of 22 months, September 1958 through June 1960. The present cases are considered to be the first to the fourth clinically proved cases of urolithiasis due to primary hyperparathyroidism in Japan.
These four cases correspond to 2.5% of urolithiasis and 3.2% lithiasis of the upper urinary tract treated during the same period. Primary hyperparathyroidism must always be suspected whenever multiple or recurrent calculi are found in the urinary tract.
Several kinds of newer laboratory test, such as urine concentration test, estimation of % TRP, phosphate deprivation test, calcium tolerance test and estimation of parathyroid index, were applied to these cases. From the good results of these tests, it is considered that these tests should be performed as important methods for diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Several aspects of this disease are discussed.

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In the rabbit, sensitized previously with homologous exudate of rabbit bladder, a typical cystitis was produced by urogenous administration of Escherichia coli, but not by staphylococcus,
In this paper bacterio-pathological change of urinary tract in the rabbits is discussed, intravenously injected by 0.5mg to 1mg of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus respectively after the sensitization with previously discribed method.
Following the intravenous injection of Escherichia coli same tendency of bacteria discharge and pyuria which is not same degree occur in all rabbits. Inspite of the mild change of kidney, the pathological change of urinary bladder is of distinct inflammation.
Following the intravenous administration of staphylococcus, different degrees of bacteria discharge which may be due to variation of the species are seen. The cases of severe pyuria are associated with infiammatory change of both kidney and bladder.
On the other hand the cases of mild bacteria discharge show slight change of kidney with intact bladder. Therefore this means that staphylococcus may produce more easely inflammatory change in kidney than in bladder.
As the conclusion, both urogenous and hematogenous cystitis of Escherichia coli are observed in the rabbit in which the antigen-antibody reaction is supposed, while, on staphylococcus, hematogenous cystitis is only noted by the same reaction in the some rabbit.

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A case, female, 24 years old, is presented because of asymptomatic congenital thoracic ectopy of the left kidney. There are 13 other cases recorded, and they revealed some differences etiologically. Among many causes, the branching site of renal artery from aorta seems to be the one of the important factors.

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A 51-year-old man, a farmer, was admitted with the chief complaint swelling of bilateral scrotal contents.
He was diagnosed as having testicular tumors and performed bilateral orchiectomy.
The specimen was not made any distinction between the testicle and epididymis bilaterally, and showed almost a complete replacement by tumor tissue.
But he died of cardiac weakness 65 days after the operation.
Examination of the blood smear and bone marrow specimen showed myeloid leukemia.
Based on histopathological and autopsy findings a diagnosis of bilateral testicular tumors caused by leukemic infiltration was made.

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The view that sperma invasion occurring in the testicles is identical to nonspecific granulomatous orchitis has recently become weighty. Also, many investigators are of the opinion that sperma invasion in the testicles originates from within or from seminiferous tubules.
The following results were derived from clinical experience and animal experiments where sperma invasion was induced by various procedures:
Sperma invasion occurring in the testicles can be regarded as identical to nonspecific granulomatous orchitis. Sperma invasion in the testicles occurs as a result of the reaction of the interstice, but cannot be thought of as originating in the seminiferous tubules. The present author cannot subscribe to the view that the origin of epitheloid cells where granuloma formation takes place is derived from Sertoli's cells.

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Authors performed the statistical investigation about 13 clinical cases of hematospermia, who came to our clinic since recent 2 years. Some cases of them were undergone the uni-or bilateral spermatocystectomia and the pathological research. The treatment and the etiology of this disease are considered.

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