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Volume 76, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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γ-Seminoprotein in Serum were Measured by γ-Sm Monoclonal antibodiesTsutomu Okabe, Shinshi Noda, Kosaku Eto, Kiniaki Sagawa, Mitsuo Yokoya ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 165-173
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBALB/c mice were immunized with a purified specific antigenic substance designated as γ-Seminoprotein (γ-Sm).
γ-Sm monoclonal antibodies (GS-2 antibodies) were generated by fusing cells from BALB/c mice immunized with the mouse myeloma cell line (NSL-cell line). We prepared the enzymed linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA).
And we attempted to establish diagnotic and progrotic usefulness of these protate specific antigens, γ-Sm, in serum of patients by this assay.
γ-Sm in serum were measured by ELISA in 38 patients with histologically verified untreated prostatic cancer, 75 with treated cancer, 48 with prostatic hypertrophy and 13 with other malignancy.
The mean of γ-Sm levels of 71 normal male, aged 10 to 70 was 1.78ng/ml and an-upper-limit of normal γ-Sm levels was 11.8ng/ml.
All patients with prostatic carcinoma showed elevated γ-Sm higher than 11.8ng/ml and clinical evaluation revealed that detection of early prostatic cancer with γ-Sm is a limited one.View full abstractDownload PDF (940K) -
Masa-aki Kuwahara, Seiichi Kurosu, Koichi Kambe, Shizuichi Kageyama, S ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 174-182
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFocusing of underwater shock waves was studied for the purpose of its application to extracorporeal stone disintegration. Shock waves were observed by a holographic interferometry using a holographic ruby laser (single or double exposure). The focusing was conducted with pseudoellipsoidal reflector.
Two focusing methods were studied. One involved placing the lead azide pellet at the distal focus (E1) with an object placed at the proximal focus (E2) from the reflector (A-method). The other method (B-method) was vice versa. The lead azide pellet (4-10mg) was exploded by radiating with a Q-switched ruby laser beam. The extracted human calculi (mixed calculus of calcium-oxalate and calcium phosphate) of 8mm in diameter and model calculi (activated alumina) of 6mm in diameter were easily disintegrated by both methods in one explosion. The pressure profile of the shock wave was composed of a single spike with almost vertical onset and a gradual decrease. It half time was approximately 2.0μsec (3mm in width). The ideal focusing condition was obtained in the A-method, and pressure obtained at the focus in the A-method was 880 bar in the lead azide pellet of 4mg. In the B-method, the explosion product gas bubbles inside the reflector prevented the ideal focusing, however, the maximum pressure evaluated at the focus attained 13Kbar with a lead azide pellet of 10mg. An experiment on the transmission of shock waves through a biological tissue was also performed, in which pig fatty tissue of 20mm in thickness was interpolated between the reflector and the disintegrating object. It was shown that the transmission of shock waves did not affect the shock wave focusing and the object was disintegrated in one explosion.
The results indicate that the explosive materials seem to be applicable in the extracorporeal stone disintegration. Further investigation for the safety of this method is conducting now in animal experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (4837K) -
Masao Nakahara, Nobutaka Ohta, Kazuo Suzuki, Atsushi Tajima, Yoshio As ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 183-188
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate the function of transplanted kidneys, the deep body temperature was recorded in the graft region in 11 living donor and 2 cadaveric donor transplants. At the same time, temperatures in the contralateral iliac fossa, the forehead and the medial side of contralateral femoral region were measured as controls. The differences in temperature between the graft area and the control areas were studied as the relative deep body temperatures of the renal transplant. Consequently the following conclusion was obtained.
1) The relative deep body temperatures of the graft area declined in 3 out of 4 acute rejections. However, they recovered to the original level when acute rejection subsided.
2) The relative deep body temperatures of the graft region revealed no significant changes during acute tubular necrosis, when no rejections were observed. Their declination was noted in one case showing rejection during acute tubular necrosis.
3) The function of the transplanted kidney was estimated to a certain degree by sequential measurement of the relative deep body temperatures of the graft area.
4) The measurement of the deep body temperatures of the graft region was easily and painlessly performed at bedside for the evaluation of the grafted kidney.View full abstractDownload PDF (659K) -
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Kidney Size and Renal Parenchymal Echogenicity in Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Renal FailureYoshikatsu Sawamura, Kanami Kuroda, Masami Kawahara, Masaharu Tajima, ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 189-196
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe determined the size of the kidneys by the ultrasonotomography and examined the degree of renal parenchymal echogenicity in 200 adults with normal renal function and 89 patients with chronic renal failure.
The mean size of 400 normal adults' kidneys measured three-dimentionally was 102±6.9mm in length, 44±5.4mm in thickness and 51±5.3mm in width. In this present stuty, there was no statistically significant difference in kidney size between right and left kidneys, between male and female subjects, and among age groups.
The mean size of the 178 kidneys of patients with chronic renal failure was 74±10.0mm in length and 38±5.9mm in thickness, and the disturbed kidneys were clearly more atrophic than the normal kidneys (p<0.5). The serum creatinine level was also well correlation with the kidney size. As for renal parenchymal echogenicity, the normal kidneys showed a lower echo level than the liver parenchyma in all subjects, but this tendency was observed in only 6% of the kidneys of patients with renal failure.
The degree of renal parenchymal echogenicity was clearly higher in disturbed kidneys than in normal kidneys. As for the relationship between serum creatinine level and echogenicity, accompanying with renal function decreases, echogenicity showed a tendency to be strong.View full abstractDownload PDF (6187K) -
I Development of Intravesical Stick and its InstillatorMitsue Okado, Yutaka Matsumoto, Yoshimichi Hamada, Ryuji Yamamoto, Ryo ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 197-203
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bladder plays the role of retaining the urine, but it also has the function of excreting the urine. Because of this latter function, it is difficult to achieve long-term retention of an intravesically-infused drug. Accordingly, the author's group considered the problem of how to prepare and deliver a drug which would provide a prolonged effect in the bladder, thus enabling topical chemotherapy of bladder cancers and prevention of their recurrence. This led to research and development work on the Intravesical Stick (IVS) and its insertion device.
The recently-developed IVS contains as its base agent a combination of Wintepsol H-15, E-85, Tween 80 and bleached beeswax. The IVS has a specific gravity of 0.988-0.995, and it floats in urine. For this reason, the IVS causes almost no obstruction of the flow of the urine being excreted. In addition, in vitro experiments indicated that the elution of the active ingredient (in this case, bleomycin) from the IVS could be detected up to 38.4 hours. This proves that this preparation is capable of providing a sufficiently prolonged effect.
Taking into consideration the anatomical curvature of the male urethra, an insertion device resembling a metal catheter was developed. The IVS is formed into a cylinder-like shape so that it fits inside the insertion device.View full abstractDownload PDF (3354K) -
Hiromichi Ishikawa, Satoru Ishikawa, Kenji Rinsho, Tadatsune Yazaki, S ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 204-210
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA clinical analysis was made on 11 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in urological malignancies in the last 5 years.
The average age of the patients was 65.6 years. Prostatic cancer and bladder cancer were found frequently as their primary lesions. The average duration of the disease was 213.6 days and metastases were found in all the cases at the onset of DIC.
Regarding treatments for respective primary lesions at the onset of DIC, 3 cases were treated only symptomatically, and the remaining 8 were given anti-tumor agent, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, interferon, immunotherapy and hyperthermia.
The average duration from the time of onset of primary lesions to onset of DIC was 35.7 months, and that from the time of onset of DIC to the death was 71.6 days. These findings were compatible with characteristic pictures in chronic DIC. Curative treatments for DIC were performed only in 4 cases.
The incidence of abnormal levels of platelet count, FDP and fibrinogen were similar to that of other DICs. Prothrombin time and thrombin time, however, were lower than in other DICs. Autopsy showed fibrin thrombi in 5 of 8 cases.
The present study suggest that in order to prevent the development of DIC in urological malignancies, primary lesions must be treated in early stages and that good prognosis of DIC might be obtained if the treatments of DIC were started in early stages to cope rapidly with changes of DIC conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (904K) -
Senji Hoshi, Shigeaki Sato, Kaoru Takahashi, Kunio Ono, Isao Numata, T ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 211-218
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) method and avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method were performed to identify the lymphocyte subpoputation in testicular and bladder tumors.
I ANAE method
By ANAE method T lymphocyte was expressed as granular scattered reaction (TG), and single cytoplasmic spot (TM). Monocyte expressed diffuse reaction. T cells occupied most of the infiltrated lymphocytes in the low stage bladder tumor, but they were scattered in the high stage bladder tumors. In seminomas, T cells occupied the major protion of infiltrated lymphocytes in 4 cases, but they were a few in 2 cases. T cells occupied 47-78% of infiltrated lymphocytes in non-seminomas. ANAE staining is useful to define lymphocyte subpopulation in tissue section. However, tumor cells are also stained non-specifically and it is difficult to distinguish tumor cells from monocytes.
II ABC method
Monoclonal antibodies that are reactive on natural killer cells (Leu-7), monocytes (Leu-M1), T cell (Leu-4), T cell subsets (Leu-2a, Leu-3a) were used. In testicular and bladder tumors, only few lymphocytes reacted with anti-Leu-7 or antiLeu-M1 antibody. However, in seminomas, about 10-20% of intratumoral lymphocytes reacted with anti-Leu-7 antibody. Anti-Leu-7 antibody was found to bind with normal prostatic grandular epithelium and nerve tissue and not with poorly differentiated prostatic cancer cells. Anti-Leu-M1 antibody was found to bind with bladder cancer cells, but not with normal bladder epithelium.
In bladder cancer, most of the intratumoral lymphocytes were Leu-2a+ (cytotoxic/supresser T cell). In contrast, a majority of lymphocytes in the peritumoral stroma were Leu-3a+ (helper/inducer T cell). In 2 cases of seminoma, most of the intratumoral lymphocytes, which makes two cell pattern with tumor cells, were Leu-2a+ and Leu-3a+.View full abstractDownload PDF (5311K) -
Fumikazu Sakamoto1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 219-230
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcute renal hemodynamic response and changes of renal venous plasma renin activity (PRA) and prostaglandine E (PGE) during unilateral artificial elevation of pelvic pressure (EPP) to 50mmHg were studied in 30 mongrel dogs under pentbarbital anesthesia.
Experimental groups were divided into three groups, i. e. nonpretreated group (control g.), indomethacin pretreated group (Indo g.) and 1-Sar-8-Ile angiotensin II pretreated group (AIIA g. ) and 1-Sar-8-Ile angiotensin II pretreated group (AIIA g.).
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1) All animals in control g. showed a renal blood flow (RBF) increase following the EPP. Both PRA and PGE were increased after EPP. All of them recovered to almost nearly prevalue levels after release of pelvic pressure (RPP).
2) In Indo g., RBF, PGE and PRA were decreased after administration of indomethacin but blood pressure (BP) was increased gradually during infusion of indomethacin. After EPP, RBF was not increased but decreased. PGE and PRA were also decreased after EPP.
3) In AIIA g., RBF and PGE were decreased but PRA increased after administration of 1-Sar-8-Ile angiotensin II. After EPP, RBF was slightly increased in 3 dogs but in 7 dogs RBF was not increased.
These results indicate that the renal hyperemic response during acute EPP was mediated by PGE and PGE might be released by angiotensin II which was stimulated by high pelvic pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1580K) -
V. Evaluation of Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Reaction Based on Protein SynthesisHidenori Kanda, Seiji Kunikata, Takeshi Matsuura, Takahiro Akiyama, Ta ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 231-238
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe usual method of mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) requires at least 5 days and it is not useful for cadaveric renal transplantation because of the length of culture. A more rapid procedure of MLR is neccesary for a clinical use in cadaveric transplantation.
Since protein synthesis starts earlier than DNA synthesis in lymphocyte stimulation by antigen, protein synthesis seems to provide a useful information for early estimation of MLR. Changes of lymphocyte blastogenesis in MLR were observed by protein synthesis using incorporation of 14C-valine into protein and the possibility of rapid evaluation of MLR was studied.
The rate of protein synthesis increased from early stage of cultures. 14C-valine MLR with 5 days continuous incorporation which was taken as an estimate of the total cellular protein content was correlated satisfactorily with the usual method of MLR (n=18, r=0.891, p<0.01). Therefore it was considered that the degree of lymphocyte blastogenesis could be estimated by protein synthesis.
Then the rate of protein synthesis in MLR was measured by 1 hour pulse incorporation of 14C-valine 24 hours after the onset of culture and this rapid MLR was correlated well with the conventional method of MLR (n=33, r=0.859, p<0.01).
This procedure has made a great progress in MLR and suggests the possibility of more rapid method which may be available for clinical use in cadavelic renal transplantation.View full abstractDownload PDF (722K) -
Teruhiro Nakada, Hiroshi Koike, Takashi Katayama1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 239-243
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTissue concentrations of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were determined in 53 subjects from 3 weeks of age to 88 years of age.
There were no significant differences in mean content of E, NE, DA or total catecholamines (CA) in adrenal glands between male subjects and female subjects. The adrenal E content showed a low level in infant [109±35μg/g (mean±S. E.)]. It progressively increased with age and reached a plateau from the age of 20-29 years to 70-79 years. Then it reduced over the age of 80 years [366±138μg/g (mean±S. E.)]. The adrenal NE content of infant was also at a low level [52±23μg/g (mean±S. E.)]. It increased with advancing age and reached a maximum in the 40-49 age group. The amount of adrenal NE did not change remarkably thereafter. Similar tendecy of adrenal DA as that of E or NE was also noted in infants in lesser extent. The fractional ratios of adrenal E or NE were reduced or elevated in infants or in subjects over the age of 80 years.
It appears reasonalbe to conclude from these findings that remarkably reduced level of adrenomedullary function in young infantile period increases with age, and reaches plateau from 20-29 years of age to 70-79 years of age, then reduces after the age of 80 years.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Shinobu Doukita, Tadashi Harada, Shigeru Miyagata, Seigi Tsuchida1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 244-251
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 25-year-old female with acute cortical necrosis following delivery, who was saved by hemodialysis, is reported.
After delivery, massive bleeding happened due to laceration of the cervix of the uterus and the vagina. She fell into a shock. The next day, ligation of internal iliac arteries and hysterectomy were done with the help of blood transfusion. She recovered from the shock, but anuria occurred. Under the diagnosis of acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), she was maintained by hemodialysis. However, the renal function was not improved. On the four months after the onset of her illness, we performed renal biopy. The histological diagnosis was acute cortical necrosis. More than one year has passed since her dilivery, but she has continued hemodialysis twice a week. Her creatinine clearance is 13ml/min.
Including our case, 62 cases of acute cortical necrosis have been reported in the Japanese literature. Only 11 cases were saved. Acute cortical necrosis is a disease with poor prognosis. A statistical study of these cases were done. We revealed the pathogenesis of acute cortical necrosis as DIC.View full abstractDownload PDF (2187K) -
Haruo Tahara, Yoshiharu Hiratsuka, Asami Ariyoshi, Yoshikazu Seta, Mas ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 252-256
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case is reported of a 24-year-old-male patient with ectopic, multiple, malignant pheochromocytoma recurring 12 years after initial surgery for a single, ectopic, benign tumor.
Multifocal occurrence with metachronous development may be the explanation for recuurrence in this case.
Need of careful, long-term follow-up should be emphasized in patients with juvenile, ectopic, multiple pheochromocytoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (5837K) -
Hiroshi Okada, Gaku Hamami, Sadao Kamidono, Joji Ishigami, Yasunaga Ok ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 257-262
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 62-year-old woman developed a renal cell carcinoma in her only functioning kidney. The contralateral kidney was not functioning due to congenital hypogenesis. She was treated successfully by simple enucleation of the tumor to spare the renal function as much as possible. 28 months after the operation she remains well with good renal function and without any signs of recurrence or metastasis.
A review of available literature revealed that there are 3 possible ways of treating a malignant tumor of a sole functioning kidney.
(1) radical nephrectomy+hemodialysis or renal transplant
(2) partial nephrectomy (in situ or ex vivo)
(3) enucleation of the tumor (in situ or ex vivo)
We discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method.View full abstractDownload PDF (5551K)
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