Based on the statistical observation on subjective symptoms in 507 cases of movable kidney, various kinds of pain and renal hematuria were selected as symptoms directly related to movable kidney with a high probability. Whether or not these symptoms were based on movable kidney was tested by IVP, urinary finding, isotope renogram and operative results and the following conclusion was obtained.
1) The symptoms associated with organs other than the urinary tract occupying 2/3 of the subjective symptoms in patients with movable kidney are probably derived from the movable kidney in 80%, while various pain occupying 90% of symptoms associated with organs other than the urinary tract are based on movable kidney in about 80%.
2) Among symptoms referable to the urinary tract occupying 1/3 of the subjective symptoms, renal symptoms probably related to movable kidney are presumably derived from movable kidney in about 90%.
3) In the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis of patients with movable kidney, an extensive pathophysiological abnormality was found. Regardless of the bilateral or unilateral nature of movable kidney, the basic abnormality is probably the functional unrest occurring in the kidney and renal pelvis. Pain, especially colicky pain, renal hematuria, pyelo-renal backflow seen in the IVP and pyelospasm, decrease of secretory and excretory ability seen in the renogram and spasm-like changes are merely manifestations of such basic abnormalities.

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In a previous report, we mainly described suppression of angiotensinase (ATase) activity and relation between renin and angiotensinogen (ATogen) concentration. The present paper concerns with the purification of angiotensin (AT) produced.
We tried to purify and condense AT in plasma with ethanol, propanol, butanol extraction, ion exchange chromatography or evaporation in reduced pressure. We made it a rule to use the combination of n-butanol and water extraction combined with ion exchange chromatography. The recovery rate of added AT was 70 percent (range from 55 to 85%) by this method.
Combining this method with that in the previous report, we decided to determine plasma renin activity as follows. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate and diisopropyl-fluorophosphate are added to 10ml of heparinized plasma sample to suppress ATase activity. The mixture is incubated at pH 5.5 and 37°C. After 2 hours incubation, it is acidified and saturated with Na Cl, and then extracted with n-butanol. The separated butanol fraction is added with petroleum ether, and another extraction was made with distilled water. The water fraction is percolated through the ion exchange resin column (Dowex 50). The column is washed with a small amount of phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and water. Finally, AT is eluted from the resin with 0.1N NaOH. The eluate is neutralized and assayed in rats biologically. The plasma renin activities in the normotensives were in the range from 0.6 to 2.5μg/1/2hr. by our method.
To bring in vitro renin activity close to in vivo activity, we believe that change of the composition of original plasma samples should be avoided and the duration of incubation should be as short as possible. However, under these conditions, it is frequently required to condense the assaying solution. AT concentration in the assaying solution is about 3 fold larger than before the extraction treatment, but this rate of condensation is still not enough, nor was the recovery of AT. Nevertheless, we consider that our method is clinically applicable.

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It is well known that Escherichia coli is the most common cause of infections of the urinary tract. Although E. coli which causes gastroenteritis has been extensively studied concerning its serological and pathogenic characters, little attention with respect to bacteriological and epidemiological features has been centered on E. coli causing urinary tract infections.
This investigation was attempted to clarify the serological features of urinary E. coli and to elucidate the difference of virulence among E. coli which causes urinary tract infections, that causing gastroenteritis, and that of normal intestinal flora.
First of all, from the results of urine culture in the past five years, the significance of E. coli as an infecting organism of the urinary tract was evaluated. Secondly, urinary E. coli were classified serologically and its virulence for mice treated with wetting agent were investigated. From these observations the results were brought as follows.
1) As an infecting organism E. coli was most frequently isolated from urinary tract, especially when urinary tract infections were acute and not obstructive. Isolation ratio of E. coli in acute nonobstructive urinary tract infections was 78%.
2) Urinary E. coli was inclined to distribute in certain specific serotypes. Typable 57 strains were distributed in 11 serotypes, among which O2, O4, O6, O 16, and O80 were predominant and those 5 serotypes accounted for 72.6% of all.
3) Any E. coli serotypes reported as enteropathogenic strain was not discoverd from urine.
4) Most urinary E. coli enhanced its virulence for mice by simultaneous injection with wetting agent. On the contrary, this property was not demonstrated in enteropathogenic or normal coli.
5) It is suspected that E. coli accept some selection at the time of invasion into urinary tract. The author express this property of urinary E. coli by the name of “eligibility for selection”. Enhancement of virulence for mice by the use of wetting agent observed in urinary E. coli may be a manifestation of this eligibility for selection at the time of invasion.

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The human testes in cases with malignant hematopoietic tumors, especially with leukemia, were histopathologically examined. Materials were obtained from 56 autopsy cases, composed of 47 with leukemia, 7 with reticulum cell sarcoma and 2 with lymphosarcoma.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Leukemic infiltration was confirmed in 43 (91%) of all leukemia cases. The patterns of infiltration in the testes were divided into three types; diffuse, patchy and perivascular, according to the distribution of leukemic cells. A high grade infiltration was most commonly encountered in lymphatic leukemia and observed in 3 cases (44%), while in 4 cases (10%) in others. The leukemic infiltration preferred the interstitial space without involvement of seminiferous tubules. The testicular involvement was unexceptionally bilateral with occasional differences in the grade of infiltration, slight to moderate.
2. There was no regional difference in incidence of the leukemic infiltration in the testicular interstitial tissue. However, nodular foci of leukemic cell infiltration, 500μ to 1000μ in diameter, around the middle-sized blood vessels, were observed in 10 cases but the evidence of mural penetration was not confirmed.
3. Leukemic cells were often observed in a thin-walled canal closely between the proper lamina of the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial cell cluster. The finding that the canal had endothelium along the internal wall and no red cells in the lumen suggested that it was a lymphatic vessel. Serial sectioning of the tissue with a canal revealed that the canal had an extremely irregular shape and occasionally lacked in the endothelium. It was, therefore, considered that the human testicular lymphatics might not be a constant canal system, but likely akin to narrow tissue space.
4. A network of argyrophil fibers was formed in the area of leukemic infiltration in the interstitial tissue in parallel with the severity of the lesion.
5. The testicular involvement was observed in only one of 7 cases with reticulum cell sarcoma and in one of 2 with lymphosarcoma, with the grade of infiltration lesser than that in leukemia.
It was considered that tumor cell infiltration in the testes would be mostly transported from the blood vessels into the interstitial tissue through the perivascular space and lymphatics around the seminiferous tubules. Changes of blood and lymph themselves and of their canals would be responsible for the high frequency of testicular involvement in leukemia cases particularly in lymphatic leukemia.

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