59 cases with urinary tract infections were classified into four groups, non-obstructive upper urinary tract infections, non-obstructive lower urinary tract infections, obstructive upper urinary tract infections and obstructive lower urinary tract infections. A case with periurethral abcess was added to these patients.
68 strains of E. coli were isolated from urine specimens of these patients, a strain of E. coli from pus specimen and 141 strains of E. coli from fecal specimens were also isolated, and their serotypes (O and H), hemolytic abilities and drug sensitivities were tested. The antibody titers of patients sera against homologous E. coli were also investigated.
These results were as follows;
1) E. coli O4, O6 and O75 were frequently isolated from both urine and fecal specimens and these three O groups accounted for 52.2% of urinary and 17.8% of fecal E. coli. Each O group was subdivided into some serotypes by analyzing H antigen, namely O4:H1, O4:H5, O4:H21, O4:H49, O4:HNT, O4:H-, O6:H1, O6:H-, O75:H5 and O75:H-.
2) All strains, urinary and fecal, belonging to such serotypes as O4:H1, O4:H5, O4:H-, O18:H1, and O35:H5 were hemolytic, and nearly all of O6:H1 and O6:H- were also hemolytic. But none of E. coli O75 was hemolytic.
3) All strains of E. coli O4 isolated from urine were found in patients with non-obstructive infections, but E. coli O6 and O75 were found both in non-obstructive and obstructive patients. Nearly all strains of urinary hemolytic E. coli were isolated from those patients with non-obstructive infections.
4) Those patients who carried one or more common O groups in their intestinal canals often sufferd from urinary tract infections by one of those common O groups.
5) From these results and Yoshida's and Hara's report it was considerd that the prevalence of common O groups in urinary tract could not be attributed only to the prevalence of those strains in reservoir, and some strains were more virulent in urinary tract.
6) The drug sensitivities of urinary E. coli were resembled to those of fecal E. coli in common O groups or hemolytic E. coli, but not so in infrequently isolated O groups or non-hemolytic E. coli.
7) In patients with upper urinary tract infections, non-obstructive and obstructive, the antibody titers against urinary E. coli were commonly high, particulary in those patients who had symptoms of acute pyelonephritis, most cases had high titers against infecting organisms.
8) No relation was seen between serotype, hemolytic ability and drug sensitivity pattern of one strain and antibody titer against that strain.
9) From these results it was considerd that the antibody response was more influenced by site or tissure of infection rather than the character of infecting organism. Some discussions were also made about portal of entry and defensive effect of antibody.

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For the purpose of ascertaining relationships between changes in the urinary enzymatic activity and rejection of the homograft, the author has measured the activity of LAP, β-Glucuronidase, Lysozyme, and plasminogen activator. The study was performed on consecutive days for ten months, in six clinical cases of renal homotransplantation performed and followed at the Department of Urology, the Tokyo University Hospital.
In these measurements, activities of the four urinary enzymes increased and especially a specific increase in the level of urinary LAP, heralding a rejection, preceded a similar change in BUN Values. From the results of these experimental and clinical studies the following conclusions were made.
1. The measurement of urinary LAP activity may provide a worthy and reliable method of detecting renal homograft rejection in an early stage.
2. As this specific increase occurs 7 to 10 days prior to the clinical signs, the measurement of urinary LAP activity is helpful for the treatment and prognosis.
3. The measurement of LAP activity, in addition to other clinical examinations, is neccesary to perform, because of the rapidity (4 hours) and ease of LAP assay.

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Malignant renal neoplasms are one of the most difficult disease for correct clinical early diagnosis. Occult growth and metastasis of the tumors before the onset of symptomes related to the primary renal lesion seem to make clinicians feel the limit of modern medicine.
On the other hand, Case has reported the incidence of renal cancers in Japan is lower than that in America or in England. In spite of a number of case reports published up to date, little work has been done in geographical and statistical study of renal cancers in Japan.
511 cases of carcinomata of the renal parenchyma and renal pelivs are accumlated in all reported 87, 425 necropsies in Japan for the past 7 years from Nihon Boken Shuho Vol. 1-Vol. 7. This group ranks seventeenth in order of frequency among all carcinomata, and represents 0.58 percent of all necropsied cases, and 1.50 percent of all malignant neoplasms.
About 80.2 percent of malignant neoplasms in the kidney are the renal adenocarcinoma (so called hypernephroma, clear cell carcinoma, Grawitz tumor).
Statistical analysis of renal cancers, particularly of the renal adenocarcinoma has been done for the points of incidence, age, sex, clinical diagnosis, the site of metastasis, and the services where the patients were cared.
The age range of patients with renal adenocarcinoma extends from 6 to 84. Although each age group of the all necropsies has not been standarized to a common base, the peak incidence of renal adenocarcinoma centers arround the sixth decade. The ratio of male to female with this neoplasm is 2.8:1. Clinically, 222 cases of this disease (about 54.4%) were correctly diagnosed as renal malignant neoplasm.
Among the incorrect clinical diagnoses “primary lung cancers” 20 cases, “primary bone tumors” 20 cases, “hepatomas” 10 cases, “brain tumors” 9 cases, and “gastric cancers” 9 cases are of conciderable significance. The site of metastases detected at autopsy in 409 patients with this desease are the lung in 275 (67.2%), lymphnode in 222 (54.2%), bone in 150 (36.7%), liver in 144 (35.2%), and the brain 35 (8.5%) etc.
The orders in which specific lymphnodes and specific bones are involved by metastases is indicated in tables.
At the time of autopsy, the cases from the urological services comprise only 14.7 percent of this disease.
About 28 autopsied cases of renal adenocarcinoma in Keio University, clinico-pathological review is done for the points of chief complaints, clinical symptoms and signs, clinical examination datas, histological classification, prognosis and relations between them.

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A method for determination of oxalic acid in urine, described by Zarembski & Hodgkinson in 1965, was discussed and its reproducibility, recovery and relation to vitamin C were sutdied. A part of vitamin C in sample is determined as oxalic acid by this method. The good relationship between this method and Yarbro & Simpson's method (1956), r=0.862, was found.

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For the choice of the surgical treatment of bladder tumors, the depth of infiltration is an important factor. In order to diagnose the staging of tumors, the authors made such examinations to the patients as cystoscopy, intravenous pyelography, contrast cystography, cystopolygraphy, perivesical gas insufflation with tomography, pelvic anteriography and bimanual palpation under anesthesia.
Cystoscopy and intravenous pyelography are routine methods in the general urological procedures, and they are also very important methods to decide the staging. Cystoscopy is useful for the observations of the surface of tumors (specially papillary or not) and pedicle. When tumors are situated near the ureteral orifice and the renal functions are normal by intravenous pyelography, the tumors are all included in the stage O, A, and B₁. When tumors are far from the ureteral orifice, it is not so useful. There is no relation between Constantinesco phenomenon and the staging. In contrast cystography, some projections (anteroposterior, basal, axial, dorsal) are needed to make tumors come out clearly. So cystography was performed as the means of those projections. As a result, axial and dorsal cystography is the most effective, because bladder tumors grow frequently near the ureteral orifice. In other words, it is important to project to the tumor mass tangentially on X-ray films. This opinion is a fundamental viewpoint to all roentgenological diagnosis of bladder tumors. In case of contrast cystography, observations were made as for symmetry and filling defect. When it showed especially imcomplete defect, all cases belonged to the stage O, A, and B₁.
VUR is useless for the diagnosis of the staging.
In cystopolygraphy, the Temeliescu's method and the modification of the Connolly's method were used. The way of the latter is as follows: the contrast medium was limited to 80% of the bladder capacity as the maximum volume, and first 1/9 of it, next 1/3 and then the whole quantity were injected in order. Consequently, it is considered that the latter method is better than the former. To examine thickness of the wall, tomography in combination with pneumocystography and perivesical gas insuffiation is of high diagnostic value to the tumor which situates at the lateral wall. Especially it is good for differentiation of C, D, or not. Pelvic arteriography has no need to be performed in all cases, but it is useful for the differentiation between C and D.
Bimanual palpation under anesthesia is not so useful in our cases.
As we have seen, it is concluded that each method has its own peculiarity and that it is important to combine some suitable methods systematically, considering carefully the condition of the site of tumors within the bladder.

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To reconstruct the urinary bladder and substitute for ureter, a ileocolic segment was put to use and this operation was performed on two cases with contracted bladder which had complicating condition; in one case, right ureterocutaneostomy and in other, right upper ureteral strucuire.
We had results of satisfactorilly enlarging and good functioning bladder and ureter, and in one case that of prevention of ileoureteral reflecx due to Bauhin's valve.

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Benzydamine HCl, 1-Benzyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy)-1 H-indazole hydrochloride, is a newly developed non-steroid primary anti-inflammatory agent.
The agent was administered to a total of 150 patients consisting of 120 cases with urological inflammation and 30 cases following instrumentation or small operation.
A marked response was obtained in patients with non-infectious acute cystitis and in child's balanoposthitis by a single treatment.
In patients with infectious cystitis, a combination with other chemotherapeutic agents showed excellent effects.
This drug produced an excellent effect for the prevention of pain and edema following instrumentation or small operation.
In patients with pyelonephritis, prostatitis and urethritis, the effects were not clear, further work was needed.
No apprediable side effects were noticed.

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