There have been various opinions on the treatment of renal tuberculosis. Subsequently, various guide lines of the treatment have been reported. Although some of the questions on the effect of the treatment have been answered, the others remains still unsolved. Most of the specialists in the world prefer chemotherapy to the surgical interventions in renal tuberculosis.
The guide line to treat renal tuberculosis is not determined mainly because lesions of renal tuber-culosis are various.
If we could know the effect of chemotherapy by the degree of pathological changes, the therapeutic guide line would be clarified to some extent. Paying attention to this point, Dr. Lattimer classified the degree of the pathological changes comparing with pyelograms. This classification was widely adopted at the beginning of the chemotherapeutic age. However, when time went on and the age of the longterm chemotherapy came on, the previous conclusion by Lattimer's classification had to be changed. Furthermore, this classification was not applicable to the cases of our country. Different classifications have been reported in this country. They are more or less same and not excellent.
This paper reports our new classification to know the therapeutic guide line at the early stage of clinical examination. This classification was made by reviewing mainly IVP, retrograde pyelograms and surgical specimens in 206 cases of renal tuberculosis (254 diseased kidneys as 48 cases showed bilateral renal tuberculosis).
The author divided renal tuberculosis into the following five large groups, two of which were subdivided into two smaller groups.
1. Group N: no changes of pyelogram but tuberculous bacilli present in renal urine.
2. Group C: localized lesions in small calyces.
a) Group Ca: localized tuberculous or questionable lesions in one or two calyces. Tuberculous bacilli present in urine.
b) Group Cb: Localized tuberculous lesions of more than three calyces (including the occlusion of small calyces).
3. Group H: hydronephrosis and or hydroureter due to stricture of U-P junction or ureters.
4. Group P: changes in large calyces.
a) Group Pa: stricture in large calyces without obstruction (disfigured pyelogram).
b) Group Pb: obstruction of a one or two large calyces (localized cavity with obstruction and etc.) Partial nephrectomy and conservative surgery might be indicated in this group.
5. Group E: more deteriorated changes of Group P (including the cases of no renal function due to obstruction of pelvis, calyces or sometimes ureters-e. g. mortar kidney, pyonephrosis. and etc.)
If we investigate pyelograms before and after treatment by this classification, no marked changes were seen in them except for those belonging to Group H. Therefore, the therapy for renal tuberculosis would be determined at the early urological examination by judging from pyelograms reviewed by our classification.

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In our department, an experimental study on the vesical dysfunction after injury on the nervous system innervating the urinary bladder was already performed relating to the clinical aspect and available therapy of “Neurogenic Bladder”. However, there could scarcely be found an experimental observation of the urethral function after injury on the nerves innervating the urethra. Therefore, I had tried to examine on the relationship between the urethral function and the innervation on it, with the observation on the progressive change in urethral resistance following various sections of nerves of 68 adult male dogs. Next, I had investigated on the alteration of urethral resistance after the additional section of various nerves of animals in which sections of the nerves described above were previously performed. Furthermore, medical or surgical nerve blocks were performed on the clinical neurogenic bladder and its effect on the urethral resistance as well as on the micturition state were observed.
With the experimental examination on the available condition for the estimation of urethral resistance, species of the animal, sex, body weight, depth of general anesthesia, and intravesical content are thought to be main factors affecting the results. So, I had determined the urethral resistance of male adult dogs, 10-20Kg in body weight, below 100 cc of intravesical content, light anesthesia just diminishing the palpebration reflex, with retrograde and descending watercolumn manometric technique, and obtained 55.04±4.68cmH₂O as the normal value.
First, bilateral section of the hypogastric or the pelvic nerve of male adult dog was performed. A spontaneous and very slight decrease of urethral resistance was observed in both cases just after the operation. However, with bilateral section of the pudendal nerve, a significant decrease of urethral resistance (57% of preoperative value) was remarkable, which was continued during about 1 month and then recovered slowly. It showed a value of only about 70% of preoperative state even 3 months after the operation. With unilateral section of the pudendal nerve, also there could be found a similar change of urethral resistance compared to that observed after bilateral section of the nerve. But it showed a value of about 70% of preoperative state just after the operation, while it was about 89% of that 3 months after the operation.
Second, selective section of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd sacral nerve roots, such as bilateral section of the ventral root, the dorsal root, the ventral-and-dorsal roots, the spinal ganglion, the ventral root-and-spinal ganglion, and these were spinal origin of the pudendal nerve, was performed. With the section of these nerve roots, urethral resistance had showed very similar change compared to that obtained after bilateral section of the pudendal nerve. The decrease of urethral resistance after the section of the ventral-and dorsal roots and/or that of the ventral root-and-spinal ganglion were rather dominant compared to that after the section of the individual sacral root, however, it could not be clarified the role of the sacral spinal ganglion on the urethral function.
On the other hand, bilateral section of the pudendal nerve was performed in the animals in which bilateral section of the pelvic nerve was preceded before 1 month, but urethral resistance of these animals after the additional section of nerve showed a similar change which was found after the section of the pudendal nerve of normal animal. Next, bilateral section of the hypogastric nerve was performed 1 month after bilateral section of the pudendal nerve of the same animal. But there could not be found any effect of additional section of nerve on the urethral resistance which decreased after the section of the pudendal nerve. However, after various section of the sacral nerve root in animals in which bilateral section of the pudendal nerve was performed previously

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The basis of the perineal prostatectomy is an exact knowledge of the anatomical structures of the perineum.
In the literature, however, the description of the anatomical structures of the perineum, particularly of the rectourethral muscle and Denonvilliers' fascia, is very vague and indefinite.
The writer, therefore, taking adult bodies and fetuses, examined in detail the subcutaneous tissue, muscles, fasciae and ligaments, comparing them with those recorded in the past, and is here going to give his conclusion by mentioning what are different from those mentioned in the past documents.

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The methods, clinical applications and complications of lymphography were briefly reviewed and evaluated.
Several new trials were performed on lymphography. The conclusions of our trials are as follows;
1) Our technique to visualize the internal iliac lymphatic system in scintigram with ¹⁹⁸Au colloid injected into periprostatic tissue was successful to a certain degree. However, it is difficult to know metastasis in lymph nodes by the scientigram.
2) It does not give any advantage to take lymph-scintigram following ¹³¹I popiodol injection into lymphatic channels, comparing with usual lymphography.
3) It is difficult to tell early lymphatic metastasis by the present technique of lymphography.
4) Lymph nodes taken at surgery 2 weeks after ¹³¹I popiodol injection (300-500μc) revealed stronger succinic dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase activities in histochemical staining than those given usual popiodol. There is a possibility that lymphography with radioisotopes might be useful to treat tumors or prevent dissemination of metastatic cells in lymph nodes.

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1) Three cases of the female urethral carcinoma are presented. Included are a) two cases treated with radiation therapy, b) a case treated surgically.
2) Clinical aspect of the female urethral carcinoma is summarized and its various treatments are described.
3) In the various treatments of the female urethral carcinoma, radium therapy of long standing is an excellent method. The principle and method of radium therapy are presented. In addition, the postirradiative prognosis of the female urethral carcinoma is discussed.

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As the result of retrograde pyelography on the case of chronic pyelonephritis of 57-year-old diabetic woman, a ring shadow was observed in the upper calyx of bilateral kidney, and it created suspicion of renal necrotizing papillitis. By culture of renal urine, E. coli was revealed, and by aortography a flecked shadow was observed in the upper pole of both kidney. By the renal open biopsy of the upper pole of the left kidney, diabetic glomerulosclerosis was found.
On the seventh day after renal biopsy, one slaughted papilla was excreted with gross hematuria. And microscopically it was proved the tissue of necrotic papilla. From the 22nd day after renal biopsy, oliguria occured, and NPN increased. And on the 40th day, the patient died of heart failure due to renal insufficiency. On autopsy, certainly diagnosed as renal necrotizing papillitis.

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“Fused pelvic kidney” is considered to be a very rare anomaly. Recently we had an opportunity to examine a fused pelvic cake kidney.
A Japanese female clerk aged 33 was admitted to the Department of Surgery, Toyama Civil Hospital with the complaint of intermittent lower abdominal pain of one year's duration. The surgeons diagnosed the case as the abdominal tumor, performed a laparotomy, and found out the fused renal mass with two separate and distinct ureters in the pelvic cavity.
After the operation, we made urological examinations such as intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, tomography combined pneumoretroperitoneum, aortography and renal scintiscan, which revealed a typical fused pelvic cake kidney slightly located to the right side.
There have been many opinions concerning the forms and locations of renal anomalies. For example Tofukuji stated that there was much confusion between the “fused pelvic kidney” and the socalled “crossed renal ectopia with fusion”.
As far as we can collect in the foreign literature, there are less than twenty reported cases. In Japan, there are only four cases including ours.

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Enteric-release Panfuran S was administered in 31 adult patients with urinary tract infections, containing 13 patients with acute cystitis, 18 chronic cystitis, 3 pyelitis.
The patients were divided into 2 groups. No. 1) Administration was made in doses of 1g per day, 250mg 4 times a day, in 21 patients. No. 2) Administration was made in doses of 2g per day, 500mg 4 times a day, in 10 patients.
Germs, sensitive-disc tests, urinary findings, subjective findings and side effects were discussed.
Panfuran S was found to be the most sensitive drugs by the sensitive-disc tests, especially in the cases with mixed infection. No. 2 group showed more rapid improvement than No. 1 group by urinary findings. Especially patients with mixed infection were resistant to therapy.
A remarkable improvement was obtained in 81% of No. 1 group and 90% of No. 2 group.
Side effects were observed in 9.5% of No. 1 group and 40% of No. 2 group as digestive symptoms.

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