In the present study, the urinary bladder tumors in male rats of Wistar strain were induced by oral administration of N-Butyl-N-Butanol (4)-Nitrosamine (BBN).
The results were as follow:
1) An incidence of urinary bladder and renal pelvic tumors were observed in rats by 0.05% BBN administration; All (100%) of the ten rats had tumors of urinary bladder, and two (20%) of the ten rats combined renal pelvic tumor.
2) BBN showed an organotropic effect on the epithelium of urinary tract, especially urinary bladder, with high indicence and short induction time.
3) Histologically and histochemically, there were transitional cell type tumors, resembling human bladder tumors.
4) The tumors of urinary bladder were classified as four grades according to the histological malignancy and the invading of tumor cells.
5) The results were discussed relating to human urinary bladder tumor, and the experimental studies of BBN induced tumor could be useful for the application to the clinical studies of the human urinary bladder tumor.

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We studied electrical stimulation of the detrusor for the treatment of neurogenic bladder and experimented in dogs.
We employed biphasic square wave stimulation which was less effective than monophasic stimulation and some damage of the tissue occured.
The best electrical stimulation was a duration frequency of 40-60 pulses per second, a duration of 1 millisecond, and 10 volt.
The best electrodes location was close and inferior to the ureteral orifices.
We have tried the telemetering stimulation of the detrusor and got quite effective results as well as with the direct electrical stimulation.

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The purpose of this paper is to determine how to minimize postoperative, hemorrhage in suprapubic prostatectomy. For this purpose studies were made on the anatomy of the prostatic arteries and prostatic fibrinolysis.
As a first step, anatomical studies of the prostatic arteries were made on 9 male cadavers. Nelaton's catheter was inserted through the aorta into the iliac artery and barium sulfate was injected through the catheter. After the injection the total pelvic organs were extirpated and the X-ray film was taken. Stereoradiography was also employed. As the results, two new facts were found.
1. There were as many arteries for the inward route of the prostatic arteries around the 2 and 10 o'clock of the bladder neck as beyond expectation.
2. The communications between the prostatic arteries and the middle rectal arteries are frequently found and direct hemostasis of the communicating vessels is almost impossible at surgery.
These anatomical facts rationalize the new procedures in suprapubic prostatectomy (mass ligation not only at 5, 7, 2 and 10 o'clock, but also around the bladder neck...Tsuchiya and Harada).
As a second step, studies of fibrinolytic activities were made on 45 patients with prostatic hypertrophy before, during and after the prostatectomy with special reference to the correlation between fibrinolytic activity and blood loss. Fibrinolytic activity was mainly measured by the fibrin-plate method. Hyperfibrinolytic activity was found in 41 per cent of the untreated prostatic cancer. However, in cases of prostatic hypertrophy the values were within normal limits. In the secretion from the prostatic tissue and prostatic bed, rather remarkable values were found. The fibrinolytic activity tends to show temporary enhancement during the prostatectomy and rather quick reversion to the normal level after the surgery. Some correlations were found between blood loss, fibrinolytic activity and the administered dosis of antifibrinolytic drug (Epsioln-aminocaproic acid) after the operation in 37 cases of suprapubic prostatectomy. The enhancement of fibrinolytic activity was found in 3 of 14 cases with uncontrollable hemorrhage from the prostatic bed after suprapubic prostatectomy. The enhancement of fibrinolytic activity was also found in 4 of 8 cases with gastrointestinal hemorrhage after prostatectomy.
Thus, the author is of the opinion that in some of the cases the severe hemorrhage from the prostatic bed and/or gastrointestinal tract after prostatectomy may be attributed to hyperfibrinolytic activity.

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We reviewed the literatures of pituitary ablation for several diseases, including prostatic cancer, mammary cancer, Cushing's disease, acromegaly and others.
We pointed out several problems about these methods.

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Five different compositions of dialysate were applied to 184 hemodialysis for 14 patients in the terminal stage of chronic glomerulonephritis.
Dialyser is Kolff type Twin Coil exclusively and in five groups of dialysates, compositions are mainly different in the glucose concentration, prescribed 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, 1.4 and 2.0% respectively.
Sodium concentration is 126mEq/L in one group and 135mEq/L in others.
Bicarbonate source was sodium acetate (35-36.6mEq/L) in four groups and sodium bicarbonate (24mEq/L) in one.
Laboratory investigations were made for blood chemical change, blood glucose, serum osmolarity and acid-base balance during hemodialysis.
Clinical manifestations were recorded carefully in each dialysis.
Results are as follows;
1. Blood chemical changes including BUN, Creatinine, Na, K, Cl, Ca and inorg. P were studied. Initial level of N-end products in five groups were in the range of 80-130mg/dl in BUN and 13-14mg/dl in Creatinine. They fell about 50% in BUN and 40% in Creatinine similarly in each group.
2. Acid-base balance study revealed low pH, low pCO₂ and negative base excess, indicating metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis, in every group before hemodialysis. At the end of 6hrs. dialysis, mild respiratory alkalosis was presented. In five groups, no difference was shown.
3. Blood glucose level during hemodialysis revealed prominent difference in five groups. In two groups, 0.4 and 0.6% glucose concentration dialysates, there were no change in arterial blood glucose during hemodialysis. In 0.9 and 1.4% groups, blood sugar rose in the first 2hrs., but did not exceed 300mg/dl. The last group, 2.0%, blood glucose elevated gradually and at the end of 6hrs. hemodialysis, 500mg/dl was reached.
4. Serum osmolarity fell in two groups (0.4 and 0.6%), but in those groups in which blood glucose elevation were shown, serum osmolarity did not fall to such a level as expected by the removal of BUN.
5. Clinical manifestations, especially so called “Disequilibrium syndrome”, were carefully recorded. 184 cases were analysed in two groups according to the difference shown in blood glucose level, one is 0.4-1.4% glucose concentrations in rinsing fluids and the another is 2.2%.
Although general fatigue and headache appeared in 25-30% of both groups, nausea and vomiting decreased in frequency and severe symptoms such as convulsion, coma and even death were never seen in the latter.
From these data described, we conclude blood glucose change during hemodialysis play an important role in one of many factors, contributing to the pathogenesis of disequilibrium syndrome.

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