On purpose to study the vascular changes at the rejection reaction of the renal homotransplantation, 153 adult mongrel dogs were used and were divided into 6 groups: (1) Autotransplantation (its ureter was anastomosed to the skin), (2) Autotransplantation (its ureter was anastomosed to the bladder), (3) Homotransplantation (without immunosuppressive treatment), (4) Homotransplantation (treated with Imuran), (5) Homotransplantation (treated with Imuran and Glycyrrhizin) and (6) Homotransplantation (treated with Cobaltiprotoporphylin). The transplanted kidney, the site of anastomosis of renal vessels and ureterovesical anastomosis were histologically examined in each group, and were compared with the angiographic findings.
The following results were obtained:
1) According to the angiography of the renal homotransplantation, there was a diffuse linear deficit of cortical opacification in the nephrographic phase. Corresponding to the deficit, histologically it was found that there were edema and cellular infiltration in the interstitium at the early rejection reaction, and that there were thrombosis of the interlobular arteries and necrosis of the tubulus at the late stage. The former was considered reversible, and the latter irreversible.
2) When Ba. sulfate was poured into the removed kidney, the endothelial cells of the small vessels were stripped off. It was found more frequently in the homotransplantation than in the autotransplantation. According to this result, it was presumed that the endothelial cells of the vessels have already tended to be stripped off on the first day after the homotransplantation.
3) A small aneurysm and arteriovenous shunts were present in the homotransplanted kidney. Apparently it was thought that the aneurysm resulted from the rejection reaction. Arteriovenous shunts were found in the autotransplantation as well as in the homotransplantation, so it could not be asserted that the arteriovenous shunts resulted from rejection reaction, and artificial changes caused by Ba. sulfate could not be denied.
4) Intimal thickening which was frequently found at chronic rejection reaction was not found so frequently in our series as transplanted kidneys were examined at acute and subacute ones. It was found in 9 cases of 56 homotransplanted kidneys. The earliest intimal thickening was present on the fifth day.
Intimal thickening was histologically observed in some anastomosic sires of the renal arteries, but it was considered that the arteries received artificial damages at the operation.
5) The rejection reaction in the vessels of the ureter of a homotransplanted kidney follows the general pattern observed in the respective kidney. Cellular infiltration was found in the ureter, but not in the bladder. Infiltrated cells in the ureter did not migrate through the tissue of the bladder. From the fact, it is considered that the cellular infiltration in the homotransplanted kidney is related in some degree with the antigenicity of the interstitium.
Bone formation at the site of ureteroneocystostomy was observed both in the autotransplantation and in the homotransplantation. So it is not particular to the homotransplantation, and perhaps it may be related to the stream of the urine.
6) Koch's “Sphärolithen” were found in the tubules of the autotransplanted kidney. It is very interesting that “Spharolithen” are considered to be due to vasospasm and that it means autoregulation in the transplanted kidney whose nerves have been intercepted.

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For the purpose of the study on androgens in urological fields, urinary 17-ketosteroid fractions and Testosterone Radioactivity were determined by using the modified KANBEGAWA'S method (1967), and a few experimental studies on male urines were made.
Urinary 17-Ketosteroids were fractionated into Dyhydroepiandrosterone (DHA), Androsterone (ANDRO), Etiocholanolone (ETIO), 11-β-hydroxy-androsterone (11-OXY-A), 11-β-hydroxy-etiocholanolone (11-OXY-E), 11-keto-androsterone (11-OXO-A), and 11-keto-etiocholanolone (11-OXO-E) by the use of gradient elution chromatography.
In respect of Testosterone Radioactivity, after Testosterone-4-¹⁴C injection, the position and ratio of Testosterone-4-¹⁴C's radioactivity in urinary 17-Ketosteroid fractions were determined.
The outline of procedure was as follows:
After intravenous injection of Testosterone-4-¹⁴C 1-1.2μc (or Testosterone-4-¹⁴C 1-1.2μc and DHA-³H 2-4μc), urine was collected for 3 days. Utilizing 200ml of each of their 24 hour urine, the following technique was done. That is, urinary 17-Ketosteroid fractions were determined with β-gluculonidase hydrolysis, solvolysis, saponification, gradient elution chromatography, and spectrophotometry. All radioactive counting was done in a Packard Tri-Garb liquid scintillation spectrometer.
The results of experimental studies were as follows:
(A) Urinary 17-Ketosteroid fractions:
1) Prostatic cancer:
In urinary 17-Ketosteroid fractions, the level of Etiocholanolone was much higher than Androsterone, then, the ANDRO-ETIO ratio was low. In the so-called adrenal fractions of urinary 17-Ketosteroid, DHA was low, but 11-keto-17KS and 11-β-hydroxy-17KS were high as compared with healthy male subjects.
Following castration, levels of urinary total 17-Ketosteroid, Androsterone, Etiocholanolone and DHA were reduced, but, 11-keto-17KS and 11-β-hydroxy-17KS were increased
2) Male Hypogonadism:
Levels of urinary total 17-Ketosteroid. were low as compared with the healthy male, but 11-keto-Androsterone was high. The pattern of their fractions did not differ significantly from those of a healthy male.
(B) Testosterone Radioactivity:
1) Healthy Male:
The peak of Testosterone Radioactivity in urinary 17-Keto-steroid fractions was observed in the frac tion of Androsterone.
2) Prostatic cancer:
The peak of Testosterone Radioactivity in urinary 17-Keto-steroid fractions was transfered to Etiocholanolone from Androsterone.
After castration, it was nearly the same.
3) Male Hypogonadism:
Testosterone Radioactivity of male hypogonadism was nearly the same as that of a healthy male.

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Changes in the glandular cells of the ventral lobe of the prostate in hypophysectomized rats were observed by electron microscopy, in order to investigate the influence of hypophysectomy on the prostate.
1) The earliest change in the fine structure was derangement and decrease of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, which was even in the next day of the intervention. Three days later, the flattened cisternae were remarkably distended in irregular or circular forms. About a week after the intervention, the endoplasmic reticulum showed a marked decrease in the amount. Two months later, it was observed that only some vesicular remnants of the endoplasmic reticulum were dispersed through the cytoplasm.
2) On the fourth day, a remarkable diminution of secretory granules and apocrine-like cytoplasmic protrusions in their number was observed, which completely disappeared from the micrographs on the fourteenth day or later.
3) There appeared large cytolysomes in the cytoplasm after four days or later. They were surrounded by limiting membrane and contained a variety of membranous structures, such as vesicles, vacuoles, granules, and lamellar bodies, which were thought to be degenerated mitochondrias. Cytochemical method for acid phosphatase revealed some activities in the cytolysomes, indicating a disorder in the cellular metabolism.
4) On the other hand, a characteristic structure which might be similar to corpora amylacea in the human prostate appeared in the acinar lumen. A dense homogeneous material was placed in the central portion of it and showed a finer granular structure in the high magnified micrographs. In the peripheral zone of the structure there were stacked numerous vesicles and granules with various electron densities. The finding suggested a derangement in secretory activities.
5) Decrease in height of the glandular cells was noticed in the micrographs on the seventh day. They became cuboidal about two weeks later, and completely flattened two months later.
These findings indicated reductive and degenerative effects of hypophysectomy on the glandular cells of the rat prostate. Derangements in secretion and metabolism were also suggested. Put, the progress in degeneration and atrophy was more or less slower, than in those following castration.

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Chemotherapy plays the most important role in the treatment of urinary tract infections. It is necessary for the effective treatment to classify causative microorganisms and to determine drug sensitivity of the bacteria, and administration of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with renal failure should be carefully carried out. The author classified 145 strains of the bacteria cultured from outpatients with urinary tract infection at our clinic from January to December in 1966, and examined their sensitivities to 8 of chemotherapeutic agents. E. coli (39.3%) and Staphilococci (11.1%) were most frequently found, and they showed high sensitivity to KM, CL and NF. The results in the present experiment were compared with the results in the experiments described in our 4 preceding reports, and the same tendency in their results was observed.
CP and KM were frequently used for the treatment of 52 in-patients with renal failure from 1962 to 1966. Nephrotoxicity of KM has been reported by many authors, and therefore; I observed the effect of KM on renal function, clinically and experimentally at our department. Serum concentration of KM in anuric patients persisted at so high level as 33 mcg/ml even at 35th hour after single intramuscular injection of 1.0 gm. 24% in an average of KM, however, was eliminated by hemodialysis for 4 hours from serum whose level was 1 hour after intramuscular injection. Three groups of rabbits were made for the observation of the experiments; 1) normal group, 2) impaired renal function group, 3) infected impaired renal function group, and each group of them was further divided into two subgroups according to dosage of KM, small dosage group (50 mg/kg/day) and large dosage group (300 mg/kg/day). Group 1: In the small dosage group, there was no nephrotoxic effect for 20 days. (Group A) In the large dosage group, the mortality caused by KM was 80% within 20 days. (Group B) Group 2: In the small dosage group, all were survived for 20 days. (Group C) All were died within 12 days in the large dosage group. (GroupD) Group 3: The rate of survival for 20 days in the small dosage group was 75%, renal infections were not cured, however. (Group E) The mortality in the large dosage group was 80% for 20 days, and all infections were cured. (Group F) Occurrence of the renal damage which is degeneration of tubular epithelium, caused by KM is found in individuals in whose serum was accumulated.
In conclusion, to the accumulation of KM in the serum of the patient with renal failure should be paid much attention in case KM is administered for the treatment.

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Changes of the fibrinolytic enzyme system in the blood and urine influenced by exercise are reported. The fact that urine contains procoagulant has been recorded previously.
Correlation of influences of substances in urine and blood clotting before and after exercise were investigated, and also whether it has any connection with hematuria.
1. The whole blood clotting time was reduced in 60% (9 out of 15 cases) after exercise in comparison to before exercise.
Modified whole blood clotting time before and after exercise, was prolonged in the former than in the control and shortened in the latter.
2. Modified partial thromboplastin time (M. P. T. T.) and modified one stage prothrombin time (Quick, s 1st method) (M. Pro. T.) decreased in urine after exercise are found to be increased in urine before exercise, and also it could be said the opposite.
3. After exercise, increased hematuria in urine showed shortening in modified whole blood clotting time (M. W. B. C. T.).
Microscopic hematuria after exercise showed prolongation in M. P. T. T. in comparison to urine before exercise.
Urine without hematuria after exercise showed shortened M. P. T. T. in comparison with urine before exercise.
4. M. P. T. T. was prolonged in hematuria in comparison with urine without hematuria and showed tendency to shorten in M. W. B. C. T. and M. Pro. T.
5. The modified whole blood clotting time showed prolongation in urine protein in the order of o-±-+
6. Normal urine compared with urine whether be acid or alkaline showed prolongation of M. V. B. C. T. and M. P. T. T. urines with pH 5.0 or under showed prolongation in M. Pro. T., and alkaline urines tended to show shortened Mo Pro. T.

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