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Volume 76, Issue 7
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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I. Mass Examination of Prostate in Tanno TownSeiji Furuya, Eiji Yokoyama, Yoshiaki Kumamoto, Shoji Aoki, Noriaki Ta ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 957-964
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mass examination for benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer was conducted on males over 50 years of age in Tanno town. Benign prostatic hypertrophy was detected in 82 out of 446 subjects (18.4%), while prostatic cancer was diagnosed in 9 subjects (2.0%). Rectal palpation was found to be useful in detecting prostatic cancer. Also, determination of prostatic acid phosphotase activity was found to be useful in the screening for advanced prostatic cancer, which must by no means be overlooked.View full abstractDownload PDF (1003K) -
Ken Marumo, Masamichi Hayakawa, Masaru Murai, Hiroshi Tazaki1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 965-973
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) was administered intramuscularly to 20 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma daily at a dose of 3×106 IU, and anti-cancer effects were studied immunologically.
Tumor responses were observed in 11 to 14 weeks after initiation of the therapy. One patient showed complete response; 3 patients minor response, 11 patients no change, and 5 patients progressive disease. Tumor responses were observed in patients with higher Karnofsky performance status, and patients with carcinoma of a clear cell type or the mixed type of clear cells and granular cells. Two patients with carcinoma of spindle cell type, and 4 patients who had not been nephrectomized did not respond to the therapy.
The number of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased (20% or greater increase) in 12 of the 20 patients. No significant changes were observed in T-cell/B-cell ratio, serum immunoglobulin and PPD skin reaction. NK cell activity against the human renal cancer cell line KU-2 increased in 10 of 13 patients, and against the human leukemia cell line K562 increased (50% or greater increase) in 3 of 5 patients by administration of HLBI.
The authors have concluded that the clinical responses to HLBI which were observed on the current protocols were most likely due to augmentation of NK cell antitumor activity in selected patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (3549K) -
Toshiaki Gotoh, Yuichiro Shinno, Kotaro Taniguchi, Katsuya Nonomura, T ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 974-984
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA review of 136 patients with various vertebral anomalies, such as spinal dysraphism, Klippel-Feil syndrome, congenital scoliosis and sacral dysgenesis, revealed an incidence of coexisting urogenital anomalies at a rate of 23%. Klippel-Feil syndrome and sacral dysgenesis showed the highest incidence. Anomalies observed most frequently were ectopic and/or fused kidney (11 cases), followed by cryptorchidism (9), duplex kidney (6), and unilateral renal agenesis (3). As to non-urogenital anomalies, anorectal (14) and cardiovascular lesions (5) were observed frequently.
Incidence and embryogenesis of vertebral and urogenital anomalies were reviewed. Statistical studies of 155 cases of crossed renal ectopia reported in Japan were also performed. The etiology of crossed renal ectopia remains obscure but ureteral and vertebral anomalies do appear frequently. although abnormal development of the ureteral bud seems to be a more reasonable explanation, it is suggested that vertebral defect with rotational deformity of the fetus may also contribute to the genesis. High incidence and variety of urogenital anomalies in sacral dysgenesis seems to be explicable by the close relation of the ureteral budding zone and sacral segment in the early fetal life (4 to 5 weeks).
It is important to recognize that the incidence of urogenital anomalies has been found to be much higher than that reported by urologists in their autopsy studies. Considering the life-threatening aspects in some of these, it is highly recommended to scrutinize them by intravenous urography when vertebral anomalies are suspected.View full abstractDownload PDF (7021K) -
Masahiro Abe, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Tadashi Matsuda, Masahito Saitoh, Hir ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 985-988
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProstatic needle biopsy guided by a transrectal realtime linear scanner was performed on 140 cases in our clinic and in mass screening program for prostatic diseases. The success rate was 100per cent and no complication occurred except for one case that complained of difficult urination after biopsy. This procedure was thus recommended as to be more accurate and safer than the conventional blind one.View full abstractDownload PDF (4419K) -
1. Determination of Calcium Ion Activity with an Ion-Selective ElectrodeShigeyoshi Morimoto1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 989-997
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCalcium ion activity is physicochemical value corresponding to effective calcium ion concentration, which directly relates to the saturation level of calcium complex in solution. Therefore, urinary calcium ion activity seems to be an important factor for the formation of urinary calculus. A method, using an ion-selective electrode, for the direct measurement of urinary calcium ion activity is described here. Calcium ion activity values of standard solutions were calculated by Debye-Hückel equation, and used to calibrate the electrode.
There was a good agreement between the calculated and measured values of calcium ion activities in a series of CaCl2-NaCl solutions. pH (5-8) and temperature (10-40°C) had no influence on the determination in CaCl2-NaCl solutions.
Reproducibility of calcium ion activity determination in urine was satisfactory. In urine, however, the measured activities were increased in proportion to the temperature, and decreased by alkalinization, which induced precipitation of calcium salt.
Urinary calcium ion activity (25°C) of calcium stone formers was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. There was a significant correlation between urinary calcium ion activities and total calcium concentrations. The ratio of calcium ion activity to total calcium concentration showed no difference between controls and stone formers, but it was significantly lower in stone formers with crystalluria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1148K) -
2. The relationship to Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation and the Effects of Magnesium and CitrateShigeyoshi Morimoto1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 998-1005
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy Na-oxalate addition (0.5mmol/l urine) to urine Ca-oxalate crystallization was induced experimentally in vitro. The crystal formation was calculated from the difference in the calcium concentrations of the urines, which were filtered through Millopore filters (0.45μm) before and after the treatment of Na-oxalate addition. The relationship between the crystal formation measured by this method and the urinary Ca++ activity was studied.
Ca-oxalate crystal formation by addition of Na-oxalate was significantly higher in stone formers than in controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Ca-oxalate crystal formation and the urinary Ca++ activity. Therefore, urinary Ca++ activity was suggested to be an important factor for the formation of urinary calculus.
Ca-oxalate crystal formations were significantly decreased both by pre-addition of MgCl2 and Na-citrate. On the other hand, urinary Ca++ activity is slightly elevated by MgCl2 addition, but lowered by Na-citrate. The results suggest that the mechanisms of inhibitory effects of magnesium and citrate on Ca-oxalate crystallization are different from one another.View full abstractDownload PDF (1012K) -
A Retrospective StudySeizo Horiuchi, Yoshio Hosaka, Tsuneo Oyamatsu, Hayakazu Nakazawa, Hid ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1006-1014
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe slides from 1, 193 consecutive patients, who underwent simple prostatectomy for presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia were reviewed. Of these, 76 specimens were diagnosised as containing prostatic adenocarcinoma.
1) We divided those lesions into two subgroups, focal lesion and diffuse lesion, depending upon the extent of lesions. The sizes of the focal lesions were expressed by the average of the long and short axes, the mean±SD of which was 5.61±2.76mm.
2) The histologic grade of the tumor was determined by Gleason's system. There was a correlation between grade and extent of tumor. The majority of focal lesions were well differentiated and the majority of diffuse lesions were poorly differentiated.
3) The survival rate of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, focal carcinoma and diffuse carcinoma was 82.7, 75.3 and 56.7 percent at 5 years and 60.6, 69.3 and 28.4 percent at 10 years, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in survival at 5 and 10 years between benign prostatic hyperplasia and focal carcinoma, the difference in survival between focal and diffuse carcinoma was statistically significant (p<0.05).
4) The majority of patients with diffuse lesion received hormone therapy, while few patients with focal lesion had any further treatments.
5) Three of the 38 patients with focal lesion had a relapse and one of these three patients died of cancer. Four of 38 patients with diffuse lesion died of cancer. Early death occurred in two of these patients (4 and 7 months after initiation of treatment), but two survived for a long period (9 and 12 years).
The results in this study suggest that patients with focal lesion may require no further therapy until progression occurs and that well differentiated lesions of fairly large size may have a favorable prognosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1154K) -
Atsushi Fukuzaki, Kaoru Takahashi, Shoji Suzuki, Hiroyuki Kanetoh, Yas ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1015-1021
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of increasing ureteral stenosis on intrapelvic pressure and renal function was studied theoretically and experimentally. Assuming that ureteral flow is laminar, pressure drop across the stenosis can be calculated by Poiseuille's law. Based on this theoretical model, severe ureteral stenosis may be necessary to produce high intra-pelvic pressure at physiological urine flow rate. For instance, a 22G injection needle sized stenosis is necessary to increase intrapelvic pressure more than 20mmHg at the flow rate of 10ml/min. Pressure-flow relationship at varying degrees of stenosis at cut end of dog ureter was similar to that theoretically calculated. In contrast, even a mild stenosis with theoretically negligible resistance might cause a significant intra-pelvic pressure elevation and produced hydronephrosis with disturbance of sodium and water reabsorption, if it was created in the intact ureter.
These results, together with previous experimental and clinical investigation, indicate that severe stenosis, which is rare in clinical hydronephrosis, should be necessary as a physical resistance to urine flow for significant increase of intra-pelvic pressure. We assume that functional cause may be predominant in most cases of clinical hydronephrosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1758K) -
I. Fertilization of Patients with Testicular Tumor before and after TreatmentAkihiko Furuhata, Katuaki Ogawa, Masahiko Hosaka, Toshimichi Sugawara1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1022-1028
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, the treatment for testicular tumor has improved. Preservation of testicular function in the treatment of testicular tumor is important, because the majority of the patients are young. We investigated the testicular function of patients with testicular tumor before, during and after treatment. As a part of this study, the fertility of patients with testicular tumor before and after treatment was evaluated.
1. Fourteen of 78 married patients (18%) showed sterility for two or more years before treatment.
2. When semen was examined in 31 patients before treatment, only seven patients (23%) showed normal sperm counts of more than 40×106/ml, and 19(61.3%) showed oligospermia or azoospermia with sperm counts of less than 10×106/ml.
3. Of 20 patients who underwent retroperitoneal lymphnode dissection, 15 developed ejaculation deficiency. Four other patients also developed ejaculation deficiency but recovered, and three of them rendered their wives pregnant.
4. Of 23 patients given radiotherapy, nine produced children both before and after treatment, nine produced children before treatment but showed sterility after treatment, and five showed sterility both before and after treatment.
5. Examination of semen was performed in 17 patients given radiotherapy and in five given chemotherapy. Many patients developed oligospermia or azoospermia after the treatments, but revealed a tendency to recover with time.
Based on the results mentioned above, it is inferred that the ability to produce sperm in patients with testicular tumor after treatment decreases but the decrease tends to recover to normal with time.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
II. The Influence of Radiotherapy on Pituitary-Testicular Axis in Patients with Testicular TumorAkihiko Furuhata, Katuaki Ogawa, Masahiko Hosaka, Toshimichi Sugawara1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1029-1034
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is important to preserve the testicular function of patients with testicular tumor after treatment. Testicular function after radiotherapy was endocrinologically investigated in the present study.
1. The levels of LH, FSH and testosterone in the blood were sequentially determined in patients with testicular tumor before, during and after radiotherapy. The blood levels of LH and FSH were high after therapy in the majority of the cases, but the levels decrease concomitantly with time. Blood levels of testosterone remained within the normal range.
2. The Gn-RH stimulation test after radiotherapy revelaed an abnormally high response and a delayed normalization of the LH level within three years after therapy. However, these changes showed a tendancy to normalize in the patients after therapy for three years or longer.
3. The hCG stimulation test was performed after radiotherapy. The reaction rate of hCG was low in patients within three years on therapy, whereas it tended to return to normal pattern after three or more years on therapy.
The results lead the conclusion as follows.
1. Spermatogenesis was damaged in the majority of testicular tumor after radiotherapy. However, it was recovered to a normal spermatogenesis after cessation of the therapy.
2. From the high basal level of serum LH and the response to Gn-RH and hCG stimulation tests after radiotherapy, it is presumed that the reserve function of Leydig cell was impaired by radiotherapy, although it returns to normal status after three years on the therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
III. The Influence of Chemotherapy on Pituitary-Testicular Axis in Patients with Testicular TumorAkihiko Furuhata, Katuaki Ogawa, Masahiko Hosaka, Toshimichi Sugawara1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1035-1041
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is important to preserve the testicular function of patients with testicular tumor after treatment. Testicular function after chemotherapy was endocrinologically investigated in the present study.
1. The levels of LH, FSH and testosterone in the blood were sequentially determined in patients with testicular tumor before, during and after chemotherapy. In the majority of the patients given a high-dose chemotherapy such as PVB (CDDP, VBL, BLM) therapy, the levels of LH and FSH were extraordinarily high after the therapy, but they tended to decrease gradually with time. In contrast, a low-dose prophylatic chemotherapy such as VAB (ACD, VCR, BLM) therapy was associated with the high levels in only few cases.
2. The Gn-RH stimulation test after chemotherapy showed a high LH response rate to Gn-RH and delayed normalization of the level in all four patients given a high-dose chemotherapy such as PVB therapy. Three of six patients given a prophylatic chemotherapy such as VAB therapy also showed similar abnormalities after the high-dose chemotherapy.
3. The hCG stimulation test was performed after chemotherapy. The response rate of hCG was low in all four patients given a high-dose chemotherapy such as PVB therapy and in three of five patients given a prophylatic chemotherapy such as VAB therapy.
The results obtained in the present study were summarized as follows.
1. The spermatogenesis of patients with testicular tumor revealed a tendency to be impaired by chemotherapy. This was particularly dominant in those given a high-dose chemotherapy such as PVB therapy.
2. Considered from the high level of LH and the response patterns of Gn-RH and hCG stimulation tests after chemotherapy, it is presumed that the reserve function of Leydig cell was decreased by chemotherapy, particularly in patients given a high-dose chemotherapy such as PVB therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (983K) -
Takashi Saiki, Koji Maebayashi, Susumu Kagawa, Kazuo Kurokawa1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1042-1048
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the last 16 years from 1968 to 1983, 91 patients have undergone ileal conduit urinary diversion at the Tokushima University Hospital. There were 62 men (68.1%) and 29 women (31.9%). At the time of operation the patients ranged in age from 36 to 76 years, with an average of 59.3 years. The main causes for urinary diversion was malignant disease (97.8%), mostly bladder cancer.
Early complication occurred in 53.8per cent of the patients and late complication was noted in 36 per cent of the patients. Most frequent complication was ileus which was noted in 11 patients (12.1%) in early complications, and stomal stenosis in 7 patients (14%) in late complications.
There were no differences in complications between preoperative irradiated patients and those without irradiation except stomal stenosis.
We studied the degree of hydronephrosis in about 70 renal units which have been followed for 3 years from IVP findings. An increase of the degree of hydronephrosis was seen in 15 renal units (21.4%) for 3-5 years after operation. And we studied conduitgraphy in 34 renal units in 17 patients. Reflux as noted in 31 renal units (91%), the patients with non-reflux renal units had causes such as ureteroileal obstruction or metastasis in retroperitoneal lymphnodes.
The ileal conduit is an accetable form of urinary diversion, despite reflux from the conduit because of modified Nesbit method of uretero-ileo anastomosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1025K) -
I. Determination of Isoantigens in Non-Malignant Epithelium of Tumor-Bearing BladderRyouetsu Abe1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1049-1058
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA and B blood type isoantigens were investigated in 216 non-tumorous tissue specimens surrounding bladder cancer by means of the specific red cell adherence test (SRCA). The SRCA reaction was assorted as positive, intermediate and negative, the intermediate reaction also being subdivided into four types as basal layer positive, basal layer negative patchy and weak positive.
The tissue specimens were classified into positive, intermediate and negative groups according to SRCA reaction of the primary tumors. The histologically normal epithelium was SRCA-positive in 97% of the specimens in the positive group, 91% in the intermediate group and 69% in the negative group; for hyperplastic epithelium it was 100, 77 and 57% and for the dysplastic epithelium it was 78, 50 and 53%, respectively. On the other hand, all specimens of normal epithelium, proliferative cystitis, and Brunn's cell nest and 83% of hyperplastic epithelium obtained from non-malignant bladders showed SRCA-positive reaction.
The results may indicate that dedifferentiation expressed as the loss of blood group isoantigens has occurred in the histologically benign epithelium of the tumor-bearing bladders and that its occurrence is frequent in the bladder, associated with SRCA-negative tumors.View full abstractDownload PDF (7441K) -
Kazuyoshi Nakajima, Haruo Hisazumi, Norio Miyoshi1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1059-1065
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe combined effect has been investigated using KK-47 cells and a clonogenic assay system. Percent survival of asynchronous KK-47 cells treated by hyperthermia at 41 and 43°C for 30 minutes and for 120 minutes were 88.4 and 61.9%, and 56.1 and 6.7%, respectively. From the heat-response curves at 41 and 43°C hyperthermia, 20 pervent growth inhibition times (IT20) were calculated, and 41 and 43°C heatings for IT20 were combined with the following photoradiations. Immediately after treatment with hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) at a concentration of 10 or 40μg/ml for 30 minutes, the cells were irradiated with an argon-dye laser light, 630nm, 0.039 to 0.156 Joules/cm2, and cellular photoinactivation was shown as a function of the light dose. The Do and Dq values of the cells treated with 10μg/ml HpD were 0.065 and 0.065 Joules/cm2, respectively, and those cells treated with 40μg/ml HpD were 0.019 and 0.068 Joules/cm2, respectively. Photoradiation followed by hyperthermia showed an enhanced cell killing effect characterized by a decrease of Dq values.
In determining the heat sensitivity of HpD treated cells, it was found that cells treated with HpD showed a higher survival rate after heating for 90 to 120 minutes at 43°C. This suggests that cells treated with HpD and heated at 43°C have enhanced survivability than cells without HpD treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
Seiji Yamaguchi, Yoshifumi Narumi, Hideki Fujioka, Takuo Koide, Shoshi ...1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1066-1070
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo cases of urolithiasis associated with acromegaly are presented.
The first case was a 27-year-old female with the chief complaint of macroscopic hematuria and right pyelolithotomy was performed for right renal stone. She had been operated for pituitary adenoma on the diagnosis as acromegaly and the laboratory findings were within normal limits. However, acromegaly was highly suspected as the possible cause of her renal stone.
The second case was a 52-year old male with the complaint of recurrent urolithiasis and hypercalciuria. The physical examination and laboratory findings were of markedly acromegalic features. Hypophysectomy for pituitary adenoma was performed. The serum GH and urinary excretion of calcium decreased significantly after the treatment of acromegaly. The serum level of PTH was not influenced by the treatment.
It is suggested that GH stimulates the 1, α-hydroxylase activity in acromegaly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1988K) -
Experience with 4 CasesTomokazu Umeyama, Tsunetada Yazaki, Shori Kanoh, Kenkichi Koiso1985 Volume 76 Issue 7 Pages 1071-1077
Published: July 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are not many cases of children with posterior urethral valve reported in the Japanese literature because it is a rather rare disease entity in Japan or it has been often overlooked.
During the past eight years, we have encountered four children with posterior urethral valve ranging in age from ten days to eight years. Their first symptoms included vomiting, urinary dribbling, abdominal mass and urinary tract infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiologic and/or endoscopic examination. Young type I valve was diagnosed endoscopically in three children. A 10-day-old neonate was unable to have endoscopic examination because of his small urethral caliber. Excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography revealed bilateral vesicoureteral reflux in three cases and bilateral ureterovesical junction stenosis in one case. The treatment consisted of two types of management; primary valve ablation was done in two cases and ring ureterostomy was done in the others who were unable to undergo transurethral management because of their small urethral caliber. These procedures were effective in the treatment of urinary tract infection and in preserving renal function. The diagnosis and the treatment from the literature were also duscussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (5825K)
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