Low-Beer suggests that a tumor cell having higher activity ingests more ³²P than normal cells. Ochiai and his associates in our country reported that ³²P could be utilized for deciding the grade of bladder tumors.
This study was executed in the hypothesis that ³²P might be used for determining the type and stage of bladder tumors. A special Geiger-Müller counter tube with a fine and sensitive window, was made for this study by the Toshiba Laboratory. This tube, 4cm. in length and 5mm. in diameter, has a 1mm.×2mm. window near the tip. Beta rays can be detected only through this window (fig. 1).
Within 48 hours, the greater parts of administered ³²P in blood and urine are eliminated to the extent that their radioactivity can be ignored. Na₂H³²PO₄, therefore, was injected intramuscularly in a dose of 10-20μc/kg. about 48 hours before operation. Radioactivity of several parts of the bladder was measured during or after the operation using the above-mentioned tube and also, that of the samples burnt to ashes was counted, using an ordinary G-M tube. Radioactivity of seven papillomas, nine papillary carcinomas, five squamous cell carcinomas and an adenocarcinoma of the bladder was measured.
Generally speaking, in counting from the inside of the bladder, the ratio of the radioactivity of the tumor to that of the normal part is at most 2 in benign tumors, and more than 2 in malignant tumors. On counting from the outside of the bladder, it is more than 1.5 when the tumor invades the deeper layer of the muscular coat.
When there exists an inflammatory process in the bladder, higher counts are obtained. But in counting the samples burnt to ashes, we could not find any difference in proportion to malignancy. This may be due to the fact that when the samples were burnt to ashes, some of the recognized substances of less radioactivity were mixed in the samples.

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Fifty three DD strain pregnant mice were administered with 0.5-50mg. of testosterone propionate on the 7th-9th day of prgnancy, 12th-14th, 15th-17th and 20th-21st day of pregnancy and as the result 59 female child mice were obtained. Serial section preparations were made from this material and a reconstruction of the entire genital organs was conducted. These were subjected to a continuous detailed investigation and the following results were obtained.
1. Androgens administered to the mother after the 12th day of pregnancy acted as a teratogenic agent which exerted its action selectively on the genital organs of the female fetus and it was shown that it did not cause bodily changes such as changes in body weight or gross abnormalities in shape. However, androgens administered prior to the 9th day of pregnancy cause numerous cases of absorbing of the embryo or deaths of fetuses. In other words androgens exert their effects as a lethal agent rather than being a teratogenic agent against the embryo.
2. The changes in the female genital organs were seen in the ovary, Wolffian ducts, urogenital sinus and external genitalia. A definite degeneration of the normal medullary structure of the ovary and instead of this a development of the seminiferous tubule like structure were seen, while the Wolffian ducts rather than showing a regression showed a develpoment which exceeded reports hitherto. And there were even some cases in which the development came to the same degree as seen in normal male mice. In the urogenital sinus also, a marked and highly frequent incidence of development of prostate like structure and atrophy of the vagina was seen. The phallus showed the highest degree of sensitivity to androgens and administration after the 12th day of pregnancy showed an almost invariable enlargement and elongation together with a development of cavernous body.
3. In regards to the entire genital organ, an increasingly remarkable and frequent masculinisation was seen the closer to the caudal portion and the farther from the cranial portion showing a tendency of the so-called CAUDAD-CEPHALAD GRADIENT OF SENSITIVITY.
4. An intimate relationship was seen between the time of androgen administration and the incidence frequency of malformation. In the present experiments the most remarkable and frequent incidence of malformations was seen in the group administered with androgen on the 12th-17th days of pregnancy. In other words this period is the CRITICAL PERIOD for malformation.
From the above animal experiments it is clear that when the pregnant mother is administered with androgens, genital abnormalities in the female offspring develop. Thus, it may be conjectured that androgen may become a teratogenic agent in human beings.

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By using saline extract and KSCN extract, the authors have confirmed that the tissue of prostatic tumor contains plasminogens of two types (the stable type and the labile type) and each proactivator of them. But there could be obtained no fact to conclude that plasminogen activator of the labile type is derived from the blood in the tissue, and also there could be observed no agent to show the effect of plasminogen, plasmin, or anti-trypsin.
The content of tissue activator in prostatic cancer was greater than that in benign prostatic hypertrophy; on the average, the former was 869 units per gram, the latter 494 units per gram. The content of tissue activator in surgical capsule was much greater than that in adenoma; on the average of three cases, the former was 879 units per gram, the latter 636 units per gram.
After the anti-androgenic therapy for patients with prostatic cancer, the content of tissue activator was observed to have a tendency to decrease, but the average was still high; 622 units per gram.
The authors have discussed the relation between the surgical treatment of the prostate which showed a high concentration of plasminogen activator and the bleeding tendency in it. As a result, it has been considered that the use of ε-ACA (Ipsilon) has a remarkable effect to reduce the bleeding during and after prostatectomy, inhibitting not only general but also local fibrinolysis.

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