(1) In 25 cases of renal failure, both acute and chronic, changes of electrolyte contents in blood cells (sodium, potassium and magnesium) were investigated in their courses. The data were correlated with changes in levels of plasma non-protein nitrogen and electrolytes.
(2) The average concentrations of sodium, potassium and magnesium in blood cells of normal subjects were 15.53±5.56mEq/1. cells, 96.21±4.31mEq/1. cells, and 3.56±0.22mEq/1. cells respectively.
(3) As a rule, in cases of renal failure, blood cell magnesium content was markedly elevated, whereas potassium content was slightly elevated and sodium content was decreased.
(4) Both in acute and chronic renal failures, sodium levels in blood cells showed a significant correlation with plasma sodium levels.
(5) But, there were no significant correlations between plasma nonprotein nitrogen levels and blood cell potassium or magnesium levels.
(6) Total cation concentration in blood cells (sodium, potassium and magnesium) was closely correlated with plasma total cation concentration.
(7) Total cation concentration of blood cells in casee of renal failure did not differ so much from that of normal subjects.
(8) Electrolyte contents in blood cells were considerably affected by extrarenal dialysis (peritoneal dialysis or artificial kidney).
(9) In case of renal failure, electrolyte levels in blood cells should be determined, which may reveal a tendency of changes in total body electrolyte composition.

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For the purpose of clarifying the relation between prostatic surgery and fibrinolytic enzyme system and bleeding in the digestive tract, the author made a histological study of the influence of crushing operation of the prostate, human serum and streptokinase injection upon the stomach, duodenum, liver, kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, spleen and lung by the animal experiments, and at the same time observed fibrinolytic activity in the blood, and obtained the following results.
(1) As the result of crushing operation of the dog prostate, bleeding occurred in the stomach and duodenum, and the petechiae had the possibility to grow ulcer. In some cases the liver showed stagnation and small bleeding areas, but there was no change in the kidney, suprarenal gland, lung, pancreas and spleen.
(2) Three days after crushing operation of the prostate, distinct petechiae were recognized in the stomach, duodenum and upper portion of jejunum. And in this case the remarkable increase was noticed in fibrinolytic activity.
(3) Fibrinolytic activity does not always increase after crushing operation of the prostate. The bleeding in the digestive tract does not occur in all cases where the increase in fibrinolytic activity was noticed.
(4) It seemed that in the groups of crushing operation of the prostate the increase in fibrinolytic activity was more remarkable and frequent than in the control groups except prostatic surgery.
(5) In the cases, where the fibrinolytic activity was temporarily increased by the injctions of human serum and streptokinase, multiple petachiae were not observed in the stomach. But in corn parison with the control groups except prostatic surgery, the significant difference was noticed.
(6) Taking account of the relation between prostatic surgery and bleeding in the digestive tract through fibrinolytic enzyme system, the author suggests that the capillary disturbance and portal hypertension which are caused by the increase of plasmin in the blood are important. As for this problem, however, the more detailed study will be required.

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Urinary and serum activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), which an enzyme necessary for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic phase of glycolysis, were investigated in patients with various urological diseases, both benign and malignant, as to know the clinical significance of urinary LDH activity in diagnosis of urinary tract malignancy, as advocated by Wacker and Dorfman in 1962. The authors' study was based on the data of LDH activity determination in the urine and serum of 24 normal controls and 44 patients with various urological conditions. Urinary LDH activity was determined by the method described by Wacker and Dorfman in 1962. And serum LDH activity was determined according to Wroblewski and Latue (1955). Electrophoretic separation of urinary LDH isozymes was performed according to Vesell and Beamn (1957). The results were as follows:
(1) Urinary LDH activity of 24 healthy adults was measured with a range from 279 to 2000 units per 8-hour volume, the average being 984 units per 8-hour volume with standard deviation of 436. The upper limit of normal was considered to be 2000 units per 8-hour volume. Addition of red blood cells resulted in the elevation of LDH activity, but the effect was negligible, when the amount of red blood cells was minimal such as the degree of hematuria remained microscopic. The activity showed a sgnificant elevation in heavily infected urine. Following urological instrumentation the urinary LDH activity was elevated for 4 days, which gradually subsided thereafter.
(2) Fourteen (82.4%) of 17 patients with urinary tract maligncy showed an elevation of urinary LDH activity, whereas in 5 (22.7%) of 22 patients with benign urological disorders a slight elevation of urinary LDH activity was observed. In patients with bladder carcinoma on whom surgical removal had been underwent, reccurence was accompanied with elevation of urinary LDH activity.
(3) Electrophoretic scparation of urinary LDH isozymes revealed a suggestive distribution of patterns.
(4) No correlation was observed between the urinary LDH activity and the serum LDH activity.
In conclusion, determination of urinary LDH activity may be of value as a screening test for malignat neoplasm of the urinary tract. The course of urinary tract malignancy should be followed by repeated determinations of urinary LDH activity. Electrophoretic separtion of the isozymes will afford an accurate information concerning LDH pattern changes.

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Earlier, Yamamoto, one of the present authors, found a time-to-time abnormal increase in circulating eosinophil cells when massoge was applied to the prostate of some cases of non-goncoccal urethritis. The term “prostatic eosinophilia” (PE) was applied to this phenomenon. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of this dieease in 44 urological cases, including tuberculosis of the kidney.
Seven of the 44 cases (15.9%) were positive for “PE”, whereas eosinophilia was noted in 14 of the 44 cases (31.8%). The seven cases which were positive for “PE” consisted of 3 of the 14 cases of eosinophilia and 4 of the 30 cases without eosinophilia. Hence “PH” is not a phenomenon confined only to cases of eosinophilia.

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Eosinophil cells and their changes during the were studied in normal subjects (8 men and 3 women) and 14 patients with urological disease (9 male and 5 female cases). Those changes were studied by blood collection from the lobe in normal subjects six times every four hours and in patients eight times every three hours from 6 a. m. Measurements were made in terms of percentages and absolute number of eosinophil cells in smear specimens, like in report I. There was a decrease in eosinophil cells from the morning to the afternoon. From the evening these showed an increase and reached the mavimum level from the night to the midnight. We evaluated these results inference-statically and emphasized the validity of what we call the “PE” phenomenon.

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Blood and other clinical tests were done in 3 cases of prostatic eosinophila (PE) and 3 cases which were negative for PE in an attempt to compare results between both groups. An approximately 10 percent increase in eosinocytes was noted in the cases which were positive for PE. An increase in eosinocytes ranging from 9-14 percent was observed in the cases complicated by bronchial asthma, syphilis, and ancylostomiasis. In both groups, there werd no abnomalities in blood chemistry, liver function electrolytes, blood sugar, turkish saddle XP, etc. Speaking of the endocrine gland function, many of the cases which were positive for PE showed adrenal cortical insufficiency. In such cases, secretions from the prostatic gland were found to be studied showed abnormal parasympatic function. Prostatic lesions in cases were positive for PE are regarded as allergic inflammation.

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