In an attempt to elucidate the interrelationships among the pituitary, thyroid, and male gonad, adult male rats were used in various experiments. The following results were obtained.
1) Histological changes in the pituitary
After thyroidectomy an increase of basophilic cells was noted. T₃ administration caused a decrease, on the contrary. Administration of mercazol caused an increase of basophilic cells up to the third week. On the 6th week, a decrease was seen. No remarkable changes were seen in eosinophilic cells in any case. T₃ administration after thyroidectomy caused no marked histological changes in the pituitary. Upon orchidectomy, an increase of basophilic cells along the time course and appearance of castration cells were noted. After the third week, a decrease of chromophobe cells was noted. Six weeks after X-irradiation of the testicular region, an increase of basophilic cells was noted. Administration of testosterone propionate caused no remarkable change after 1 and 3 weeks. After 6 weeks, a decrease of basophilic cells was noted. Orchidectomy and administration of testosterone propionate gave rise to findings resembling those after orchidectomy in the course of one week. After 6 weeks, basophilic cells became less conspicuous especially with a decrease of large cells.
2) Histological changes of the thyroid
One and three weeks after mercazol administration the peripheral follicles were generally enlarged and the follicles in the internal side were small. The height of some epithelial cells was somewhat increased. After 6 weeks, the follicles were enlarged, colloid became dense, and epithelial cells tended to flatten. Upon T₃ administration, follicles were large and epithelial cells were flattened. Upon orchidectomy and X-irradiation of the testicular region, findings suggestive of hypofunction were noted. Administration of testosterone propionate in intact or orchidectomized animals rather gave rise to findings suggestive of hyperfunction.
3) Histological changes of the testes
Thyroidectomy caused a decrease of spermatogenesis but the administration of mercazol failed to cause remarkable change Administration of T₃ gave rise to a picture of hyperfunction of spermatogenesis 1 and 3 weeks later, but findings suggestive of inhibition of spermatogenetic function were obtained 6 weeks later. Administration of T₃ after thyroidectomy gave a picture of hyperfunction of spermatogenesis, suggesting the prevention of gonadal disturbance due to thyroidectomy through T₃ administration.
4) Changes in steroid 3β-ol-dehydrogenase activity in the testes
Thyroidectomy induced some decrease as compared qith the control. T₃ administration caused a rise in the activity after 1 week and a wuite intense activity was seen after 6 weeks. When T₃ was administered after thyroidectomy, elevation was also noted. However, administration of mercazol caused no remarkable changes. After l week of testosterone prppionate administration, pictures were similar to those in the controls. After 3 and 6 weeks, the picture was similar to or somewhat lower than the control. X-irradiation of the testicular region caused some rise after 3 and 6 weeks.
5) Changes of biochemical activity in the testicular tissue
Thyroidectomy caused a decrease of activities of SDH and LDH. T₃ administration caused elevation of both SDH and LDH activities, suggesting a metabolic pattern similar to that in other organs.
As in the preceding explanation, changes in the testes upon injury of the thyroid appear to be the secondary changes via the pituitary. On the other hand, profound changes were also seen in the metabolism of the testicular tissue, so that a direct influence of thyroid hormone on the testicular tissue should be taken into consideration in addition to the secondary changes via the pituitary.

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Results of treatment were studied in cases of early stage cancer of the urinary bladder, and some expermental studies were performed in which Brown-Pearce tumors were inoculated into vesical walls of rabbits to produce experimental tumors for clinical evaluation of early bladder cancer on the basis of types of growth and tumor cell.
1) During the 20-year period, 152 cases of early stage cancer of the urinary bladder were treated with fulguration and partial cystectomy in our hospital and fulguration group was better than the other on a 5-year survival rate.
2) Types of growth and tumor cell seem to be important for overall clinical evaluation on early stage cancer of urinary bladder.
3) Growth of early stage cancer of the urinary bladder are classified into 4 types; P (papillary type), S (surround type), W (wide type) and I (infiltrate type).
P and S types represented true low grade and low stage, while W and I type indicated poor prognosis in spite of early stage.
4) Brown-Pearce tumor was transplanted experimentally into the vesical wall (vertex and trigonum) for the production of the protruding tumor in the vesical cavity.
5) Implanted tumors resembling early clinical cancer of the bladder were obtained one or two weeks after the submucosal inoculation in the vesical wall.
These tumors had a low stage frequently due to the resistance of muscle layer in spite of high grade in the cell type.
In the group inoculated into deep muscle layer, a rapid progress to the infiltrative type was indicated
6) Cystoscopic growth form of tumor and grading of the tumor cell by biopsy are important for the selection of therapeutic method in early bladder cancer.

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Mannitol as an agent for intravenous drip use in transurethral resection was first reported by Henry Bodner in 1964. It was subjected to considerable modifications by us on the basis of our results obtained through our experiences, and two types of mannitol solution, namely Resectol-T and -U have been prepared.
Resectol-T contains 15% mannitol, 5% glucose, 3% dextran, 0.85% sodium chloride and 0.05% calcium chlorides. We administered 100ml of it by intravenous drip in 15 to 20 minutes just before transurethral resection and 300ml over approximately 60 minutes during the resections This is prepared as a hypertonic solution so as to cope with rapid absorption of irrigating fluid which may occur during the resecting procedure.
Resectol-U, on the other hand, is composed of 5% mannitol, 5% glucose, 0.25% sodium chloride and 0.02% calcium chloride. We administered this solution continuously from immediately after transurethral resection up to 7 a. m. next morning at the rate of 200ml per hour to promote urinary excretion and elimination of toxic substances produced during the resecting procedure as well as to correct abnormal shift of serum electrolytes.
Eighty cases of transurethral prostatic resection were subjected in this study and their detailed data through preoperative and postoperative period were obtained and analyzed.
The fluid intake during 24 hours following transurethral prostatic resection averaged 3, 443ml, while the urinary output during the same period was 3, 133ml on the average, which is about three times as much as that of the control group.
The blood urea nitrogen levels in the control group apparently elevated in most of the cases. In the Resectol-treated group, on the contrary, quite favorable results were obtained; showing apparent downward tendency postoperatively, the average being lowered from 14.9mg/dl to 809mg/dl in 24 hours after resection.
The serum sodium levels in the Resectol-treated group remained generally within the normal range and returned to almost the preoperative level in 24 hours postoperatively. The serum potassium levels in the control group tended to increase postoperatively up to average of 5.7mEq/L, at the 4th hour, whereas the Resectol-treated group showed no gross changed The serum chlor and calcium levels showed no important change in clinical standpoint.
The amount of mannitol excreted in urine in 24 hours after resection was approximately 41% of the administered dose, and 47% in 48 hours after resection. This indicates that about 53% of the administered dose is still remaining in the extracellular fluid at 48th postoperative hour.
Sodium of Resectol was excreted in an amount nearly proportional to that of mannitol, approximately 68.8% of the administered dose being excreted in 24 hours.
Potassium, though it is not contained in Resectol, is excreted in considerably large quantity of 55.4mEq in 24 hours, whereas serum potassium showed rather an upward tendency postoperatively.
Urinary excretion of chlor was approximately 81.0% and calcium was 57.5% of the each administered dose.
In the Resectol-treated group, a tendency of mild metabolic acidosis was observed in the immediate postoperative period and then a tendency of mild respiratory alkalosis in 24 hours postoperatively.
These results are satisfactory enough to place all the more reliance upon Resectol, and I believe that this method may make an epoch in preventing transurethral resection reaction.

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Radioisotope renography, advocated first by C. C. Winter, has been one of the widely used routine split renal function tests. Yet, no clear analysis has been made on each Segment a, b and c of the renogram curve.
With the advent of efficient scinticamera, it became possible to obtain satisfactory scintigrams using the rapidly excreting material, such as Hippuran. And it is now possible that the renal excretion is evaluated not only on linear renograms, but also on dynamic scintigrams (scinticamera). Therefore, renograms have been interpreted in conjunction with the dynamic scintigrams obtained by the scinticamera. With such a current trend in mind, the autoradiography has been performed on the rabbit kidneys and on the mice for our basic understandings of the renograms. Optimal conditions for the satisfactory autoradiography of the rabbit kidneys were determined. The fundamentals were studied.
The best method was shown to be the followings; CMC paste was applied on the renal surface, the kidney was immersed for 20 seconds in acetone and dryice for freezing, the specimen was cut into sections in the range of 20-40μ in thickness and finally was exposed to a film by the Contact Method for two to three days (estimated dose: 100μ C).
A new method of the whole body autoradiography of the mice, developed by us, was as follows; twos films with different sensitivities (Fuji No. 200 and No. 100) were prepared. The specimen was first placed in contact with the No. 200 film for 2 to 3 days and then with the No. 100 film. By this way, the whole body distribution was shown in detail on the No. 200 film and the intrarenal distribution on the No. 100 film.
Analysis of the Segment a of the renogram curve was made by the renogram changing Time Constant and Record Paper Speed and by the autoradiogram, for each tracer, ¹³¹I-Hippuran, ¹³¹I-PVP and ¹⁸¹I-Human Serum Albumin. It revealed that the Segment a represented not only renal vascularity but also tubular function. But for about ten seconds following the tracer injection, the Segment a signified the pure vascularity.
The Segment b was considered to be a period of the tracer (¹³¹I-Hippuran) secretion from the proximal tubulus after being retained for a certain time, since the autoradiograms of the rabbits demonstrated that the tracer was found to be distributed in the renal cortex, especiahy in the proximal tubules, in 30 seconds to 60 following the injection and then it shifted to the outer medulla, especially to the distal tubules in. 3 to 4 minutes.
Then the tracer moved from the cortex to the medulla in distribution on the autoradiogram of the rabbit kidneys.
And on the whole body autoradiogram of mice, a sudden up-rise was observed in the urinary bladder. Therefore, the Segment c, which corresponded with this stage, was thought to mean prompt excretion into the urinary bladder.
Besides these findings, the Hippuran distribution in the mice, studied by the whole body autoradiography, have shown a fairly large amount, much more than anticipated, of the tracer existence in the liver in 10 seconds and in the wall of the GI tract in 15 minutes after the injection.

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The urological diseases in patients who were consulted and/or treated at the Department of Urology in the University of Tokyo during the period from 1963 to 1968 were statistically analysed.
The total number of the urological diseases definitely diagnosed was 11, 937, consisting of congenital anomalies (13%), tuberculosis (4%), venereal diseases (3%), non-specific infections and inflammations (22%), urogenital tumors (14%), stones (11%), foreign bodies (0.5%), trauma (0.8%), sterility (5%), adrenal diseases (0.5%), and others (26%).
Sex and age distributions and etiologic factors of the diseases were also determined.

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Three cases of mucous adenocarcinoma arising from the urachus are presented. The first case of female noticed abdominal tumor when she was 51 years old. She visited our hospital three years later. She died 4 years after initial symptoms, in spite of external radiotherapy with occasional good response. Other two cases of a 58-year-old female and a 35-year-old male complained gross hematuria and they received partial cystectomy elsewhere under the diagnosis of primary bladder cancer. They died 8 years and 6 years 9 months after the onset respectively, because of local recurrence. Radical operation in early period may bring a fruitful result.

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