Electron microscopic studies were made of the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule of 21 rabbits, either normal or Goldblatt-treated, together with observation of blood pressure and renal function. Kidneys were observed at the acute stage of one week after the treatment and in the chronic stage between 30 and 120 days after the treatment in the both groups of elevated and non-elevated blood pressure, comparing with the normal.
The results are as follow.
1) The fine structure of the normal rabbit glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule were in general agreement with the results published hitherto in several animals.
2) In the Goldblatt-treated rabbit, the glomerular endothelial cell changes slightly in fine structure. In the endothelial filtration layer, the fusion of pores, the separation of the layer from the basement membrane and it's thickening were observed in all stages, particularly at the acute stage. The thickening of the lamina densa was noted only in the elevated group in blood pressure, while it did not occur in the non-elevated group. The thinning and thickening of the inner cement layer and it's separation from the lamina densa were observed in any cases irrespective of the elevation of blood pressure. These changes, however, went back to normal with the passage of time only in the non-elevated group. The outer cement layer remained without disturbance in both group. The proliferation of epithelial cells were often revealed. On the other hand, the shortening and construction of the foot processes and the separation from the basement membrane were observed not only in the elevated group, but also in the non-elevated group. These changes gradually bacame normal with the passage of time in the non-elevated group. The morphological changes of mesangial cells occured in all the rabbits of the elevated group and in about half of the non-elevated group. Only slight changes were observed in the epithelial cell and the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule in both groups. The proliferation of the Juxta-glomerular cell and increase number of the specific granules in these cells were observed in each case of the acute as well as the chronic elevat ed group. However there was no correlation between these changes and the results of renal function test.
3) In the proximal convoluted tubule of the Goldblatt-treated kidneys, the arrangement of microvilli of the brush border were irregularly disturbed and destroyed imcompletely. The urinary space, accordingly, opened widely in both groups, in spite of no change in the basal intususception. The mitochondria showed a decrease in number of the normal type and an increase in number of the vacuolar type both in the acute and chronic stages of the elevated group. There was no correlation btween the changes of mitochondria and results of renal function. It was noted that the basal membrane in the elevated group eminently thickened and became rough. These changes were gradually intentified with the passage of time.
In conclusion, there was no specific finding for understanding the mechanism of elevation of blood pressure by Goldblatt's treatment in this experiment. However, it was cosnidered from the results that the mechanism of elevation of blood pressure may be associated with the thickening of the lamina densa of the glomerular capillary loop and the basal membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule. It was unknown yet why a decrease in number of normal mitochondria and an increase in number of the vacuolar mitochondria in the proximal convoluted tubule occured characteristically in the both elevated groups.

View full abstract

Effects of the extract from the rabbit kidney were investigated on the blood pressure of the hypertensive rabbits produced by constriction of the main renal artery (Goldblatt's hypertension). The extract was prepared from kidney tissue homggenate using saline or acetone and was administered intravenously. The following results were obtained.
1) The saline extract of normal renal medulla was likely to prevent the development of Goldblatt's hypertension.
2) The saline extract of normal renal medulla showed the action of reducing the blood pressure of Goldblatt's hypertensive rabbits to or near the normal level.
3) The saline extract of the liver or spleen homogenate did not alter the blood pressure of Gcldblatt's hypertensive rabbits.
4) The saline extract of normal medulla did not affect the blood pressure of normal rabbits.
5) The onset of antipressor action was slow and its duration was long after the injection of saline extract of normal renal medulla.
6) The body temperature and renal function of the rabbits were little influenced by the administration of the saline extract of normal renal medulla.
7) The acetone extract of both renal cortex and medulla of the normal rabbits also exhibited an antipressor action. The effect of medullar extract was more potent and prolonged than that of cortical one.
8) The antipressor action of the extract of Goldblatt's kidney was less marked than that of normal one.
9) The acetone extract of both renal cortex and medulla of normal rabbits exhibited not only an antipressor action of long duration but also produced a transient fall in blood pressure of normotensive and hypertensive rabbits.
10) The possible role of renal antipressor substances extracted by both physiological saline and acid acetone solution was discussed with referrence to the renal hypertension.

View full abstract

The terminal electron-transport system (TET) of the human prostate was studied histochemically and biochemically. The estimation of these systems was done with fresh specimens obtained at operation. Prostatic hypertrophy 30, prostatic cancer 5 and normal prostate 3 as a control were used. Among them, in 23 cases of hypertrophy and 4 cases of cancer, testosterone propionate, hexestrol or stilbestrol diphosphate were administered or orchiectomy was performed before removal of the prostatic tumor.
The auther applied Nitro-BT for histochemical reaction and NT for biochemical reaction. On biochemical study, the auther analyzed the TET to 5 groups (endogenous dehydrogenase (ED), succinoxi dase system (SOS), succinic dehydrogenase (SD), cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase system (COS) and TET) by using antimycin A and amytal as inhibitory agents, and arrived at the following conclusions.
1) On the histochemical reaction, these systems were mainly observed in the glandular epitheriali cells of the normal prostate and hypertrophy, and the cancer cells of prostatic cancer.
2) Biochemically, there were a little TET activities of the prostatic tissue.
3) On the biochemical analysis, the TET reaction took place conjugating about 8% in the step of the SD at the normal prostate, 25% at fibromyomatous type, about 45% at mixed type and about 44% at adenomatous type of the hypertrophy, and 12% at the cancer.
4) The strength of the ED and the TET activities may be arranged as following order; cancer, adenomatous and mixed type of the hypertrophy, normal prostate and fibromyomatous type of the hypertrophy.
5) The SOS and the COS ordered; cancer, mixed type, adenomatous type, normal prostate and fibromyomatous type.
6) As for the SD, the order was as follows: mixed type, adenomatous type, cancer normal prostate and fibromyomatous type. Namely the SD activity of the cancer was not so strong.
7) The activities of these systems on the hypertrophy were changed by the administration of sexhormones, and these changes were stronger at the adenomatous type than the mixed type. In the adenomatous type, testosterone propionate inhibited the SD and accelerated the COS, hexestrol inhibited the every system but the COS, and stilbestrol diphosphate inhibited the every system.
8) According to the difference of the sex-hormonal sensitivities between the adenomatous and the mixed type, the stroma of the hypertrophy has little activity, or if it has activity, that is far different from that of the gland.
9) The activities of the prostatic cancer were markedly inhibited by the administration of stilbestrol diphosphate, being observed the same effect by orchiectomy.
10) Androgen do not antagonized with estrogen in the effect to the SD on the adenomatous type, namely testosterone propionate inhibited the SD as well as hexestrol and stilbestrol diphosphate.
11) In those enzyme systems, the cancer was far different from the hypertrophy and the same relationship was found under the estrogen administration.

View full abstract

Severe renal insufficiency has been known to develop in diabetics and it is also a well known fact that bacillary infections, especially pyelonephritis, are often complicated. This pyelonephritis may be thought to play a roll to accelerate the diabetic renal insufficiency. Diabetic renal changes have been studied clinically, few detailed observations, however, have been done on those of experimental diabetic animals. Therefore renal changes of dogs were studied in which alloxan diabetes was induced.
Pyelonephritic changes were seen in high percentage as much as 12 of 16 dogs (75.0%), i. e. infiltration of inflammatory cells into the papillae, and the interstitial tissue with increased connective tissue. No causative organism of the inflammatory changes was identified. All the 16 dogs had shown some diabetic renal changes; endothelial and mesangial thickening, lobulation and hyaline degeneration in the glomeruli, fibrous thickening in Bowman's capsule and formation of hyaline cast, various sizes of the lumens and epithelial degeneration in the renal tubules and thicking and hyaline degeneration in the mediumsized and small arteries. Regarding a relationship between urinary and blood suger levels and histological changes of the kidney, the renal changes were domparatively slight in dogs in which the elevation of these suger levels was moderate. On the other hand renal changes increased progressively with the elevation of the levels. As for the duration of diabetes, no clear-cut relationship was demonstrated to the histological changes of the kidney.

View full abstract

Evaluating the clinical effect of a chemotherapeutics for infection statistically, a point system was employed.
For, it could be totalized many clinical data readily and accurately by employing this system.
However, being difficult to evaluate the effect of a drug for urinary infection which had obstructive factor in the urinary tract, only cases of acute cystitis were selected as materials.
Rules of this system were as follows;
1) Leukocytes and bacilli in urine and subjective symptoms were estimated as a rate of 3:2:1 respectively.
2) When these three factors were present at first visit, twelve points were given independing of the severity of signs and symptoms.
3) When each signs and symptoms were improved in the clinical course, each points were decreased to 1/2, and when disapeared, points evaluated as zero.
On these rules, Thiophenicol (a derivative of Chloramphenicol) and placebo were prescribed to 139 cases of acute cystitis and following results were obtained after three days treamtnent.
1) In the group of the drug given appropriately, points decreased from 12.0 to 4.7 in average.
2) In the inapropriate group, points decreased from 11.7 to 7.3.
3) In the placebo group, points deereased from 11.8 to only 8.9.

View full abstract