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Volume 78, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Shigezo Kimura, Shintaro Hasegawa, Masaaki Nakazono, Hiroshi Tazaki1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 563-571
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity based on patho-morphological observations. Six weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The animals were divided into 4 groups according to the dose of CsA administered. Group A or B: 100mg or 300mg/kg/day of CsA was given orally for consecutive 3 weeks. group C: 500mg/kg/day was given for consecutive 2 weeks. Group D: no treatment. The animals in group A and B were sacrificed 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the initial administration. To evaluate the recovery process, they were sacrificed 1 and 2 weeks after cessation of the administration. In group D animals were sacrificed 1 and 2 weeks after the initiation. Renal function was evaluated by biochemical parameters, namely, BUN and creatinine. Pathomorphological observations were performed by microscopy, electron microscopy, and electron microscopic histochemistry (ALPase, ATPase). The microscopic observation disclosed focal vacuolation of the epithelium confined to the proximal tubuli but it was rather mild in its severity and the renal function was not impaired significantly. Electron microscopic study showed a possibility that administered CsA was transfered to epithelial cells of the proximal tubuli through two different pathways in the kidney: one was direct absorption from the tubular lumen and the other was transfer from the circulating blood in the interstitial vessels via the basement membrane. As for the organella, vacuolar changes in the intracellular membrane system, mainly endoplasmic reticulum and increased lysosome were considered to have some relationships to the renal dysfunction induced by the agent.View full abstractDownload PDF (9464K) -
Toshimitsu Misaki, Haruo Hisazumi, Osamu Ueki, Osamu Kumaki, Kiyoshi K ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 572-578
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and photodynamic tumor destruction in which HPD is activated by an argon-dye laser light (630nm) have been investigated in rats beaming N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder tumors.
HPD fluorescense was microscopically observed in the tumor cells and submucosal layer for a 7-day observation period after HPD I.V. injection. HPD fluorescence in the liver, spleen and kidney showed a tendency to reduce 2 to 4 days after HPD administration. A fluorescence emission spectrum with 2 bands at 627 and 693nm, compatible to that of HPD, was observed in the tumorous tissue 48 hours after HPD administration. No fluorescense spectrum was obtained in the normal bladder 48 hours after HPD administration. These findings suggested preferential uptake or accumulation of HPD in the tumor tissue.
Laser irradiation 48 hours after HPD injection produced definitive tumor destruction when the light intensities were increased from 100 to 500mW/cm2. No tumoricidal effect was seen in the tumors treated with either HPD or light alone as controls. An additional study of temperature rise during the laser irradiation using a bladder model containing 2ml saline solution showed no hyperthermia. The tumor destruction was proved to be resulted from photodynamic effects of HPD activated by the laser light without hyperthermia.View full abstractDownload PDF (2141K) -
Osamu Matsuura, Tsuneo Kinukawa, Norihisa Takeuchi, Ryohei Hattori, So ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 579-585
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThoracic duct drainage (TDD) given to prospective kidney transplant patients has resulted in a significant improvement in the graft survival rate. Thirty-six patients receiving TDD pretreatment got a kidney transplanted from HLA one-haploidentical living related donors. The graft survival was 100% after 1 and 2 years, confirming the superiority of TDD conditioning over the previous results with non pretreatment HLA one-haploidentical kidney transplanted patients. To investigate the mechanism of this beneficial effect, we have analysed immune response in the patients receiving TDD pretreatment.
Peripheral blood mononuclear (MN) cells were obtained before and every 10 days during TDD pretreatment and were tested for ability to respond against donor cells in MLR and to suppress MLR of third party. Stimulation index (RDx/RRx) was 7.3±6.7 before TDD, 3.0±2.9 (p<0.025) 10 days after TDD, 2.4±1.7 (p<0.005) 20 days and 2.9±2.6 (p<0.005) 30 days. The value of MLR-suppression was -33±23% in the patients prior to TDD pretreatment and -37±29% in control patients maintained by H. D. In proportion to the duration of TDD, especially 20 days after TDD, MLR suppression gradually increased (r=0.77, p<0.001).
In conclusion, our data suggest that TDD pretreatment yields a hyporesponsiveness against the donor allo-antigens and the hyporesponsiveness might be partially induced by suppressor cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K) -
Toshiaki Kakinoki1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 586-596
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of glycoconjugates in the normal nephrons of rabbits was studied by using 9 kinds of FITC-labeled lectins.
Lectins used were WGA, PNA, RCA-1, BSA-1, BPA, DBA, HPA, LoA and UEA-1. The difference of each lectin binding sites in the parts of nephron was demonstrated.
PNA strongly stained the thin loop of Henle, the cortical collecting tubules and cortical portion of the thick ascending loop of Henle, but not the outer medullar portion of the thick ascending loop of Henle. The collecting tubules have strong binding for DBA.
Next, HRP-labeled PNA and DBA were mainly used in acute and chronic experimental pyelonephritis and acute phase of hydronephrosis.
In pyelonephritic kidney induced with E. coli by ascending inoculation, the outer medullar portion of the thick ascending loop of Henle changed to positive staining by PNA. This change was observed 24 hours after the bacterial inoculation into the stenosed ureter, and throughout in acute and chronic pyelonephritis.
In order to clarify the cause of appearance of PNA specific binding sites in the ascending loop of Henle, hydronephrosis was produced by ligation of the unilateral ureter in rabbits. The ascending loop of Henle changed to have binding for PNA 3 hours after the ureteral ligation.
It seems that glycoconjugate receptors have appeared in the ascending loop of Henle due to elevation of intrarenal pressure.
Thyroidation structure is one of the characteristic features in chronic pyelonephritis. However, the origin of it is not yet well documented. From lectin binding patterns of DBA and PNA, thyroidation structure might consist of the collecting tubules and the thick ascending loop of Henle.View full abstractDownload PDF (9038K) -
Urinary Continence by Intussusception with Seromuscular StrippingYoshinori Mori, Hiroshi Fujisue, Shozo Hosokawa, Toshihiro Ogino, Sach ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 597-605
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt present ileal conduit is the most popular method of urinary diversion. But a continent urinary diversion like the Kock pouch is superior to ileal conduit from the point of view of the quality of life. The Mainz pouch, which has been introduced by the Department of Urology, Mainz University in West Germany, is a kind of such continent urinary diversion. We recently performed urinary diversion via the Mainz pouch in five patients with bladder cancer.
The ileocecal part of the intestine was isolated, the antimesenterial border was longitudinally incised and the pouch was formed by suturing the intestine in the manner that the peristaltic activity counteracted itself. An anti-refluxing uretero-colonic anastomosis was performed with a submucosal tunnel. A continent urinary stoma was formed for the intermittent self catheterization. Urinary continence was accomplished by an intussusception of the ileum with seromuscular stripping without use of staplers. The results were quite satisfactory without urinary incontinence or catheterization difficulty in 4 out of the 5 cases. The capacity of the pouch was 330-460ml and the pressure study showed that a low pressure urinary reservoir was formed by this method. It seems that the Mainz pouch is an excellent method as a urinary diversion.View full abstractDownload PDF (5747K) -
Histochemical Analysis by ATP-ase stainKiyoharu Okamura, Sohei Tokunaka, Hiromitsu Fuji, Masanobu Miyata, Hir ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 606-613
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe striated muscles are classified into slow and fast muscles by its contraction speed. By histochemical analysis, striated muscle fibers are divided into slow twitch (type 1) and fast twitch (type 2A, type 2B) fibers and the physiological characteristics of striated muscle are determined by the proportion of fiber types. We studied the distribution of fiber types in the external urethral sphincter of the rabbits (n=6) histochemically. By ATP-ase stain according to Dubowitz et al, we identified and counted more than 1, 600 fibers in each specimen. The musculature was constituted predominantly of fast twitch fibers (87.3%) as a whole. More remarkably, the proportion of fiber types varied in different layer sites, i. e., the slow twitch (type 1) fibers occupied a relatively high percentage (approximately one third) in inner layers. But its proportion tended to decrease toward the middle layer and only fast twitch (type 2) fibers were observed in the outer layer. Hitherto the external urethral sphincter has been believed to be a single muscle bundle and innervated by the pudendal nerve. However, our observations suggest a possibility that the external urethral sphincter is regulated by more than a single nervous control and plays a role in the elaborated mechanisms of micturition and storage of urine.View full abstractDownload PDF (5110K) -
Sadanobu Satomi1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 614-625
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism and the character of interleukin 2 inhibiting substance (IIS) of seminal plasma (SP) were investigated using recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) and IL-2 dependent cell line (NKC-3).
Remarkable inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake was observed, when SP was added to the NKC-3 cell line culturing in IL-2 containing medium. Such inhibitory effect could not be found by addition of SP to IL-2 independent cell line such as NS-1 or YAC-1. SP had no cytotoxic effect on NKC-3 cells. The inhibitory effect of SP was observed when SP was added at the initiation of culture. But it was not observed when SP was added 6 hours before harvest. It was revealed that the most intensive inhibition of IL-2 response existed over M. W. 740, 000 with broad distribution by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-300. It was demonstrated that IIS of SP was an ultracentrif ugable macromolecule, because it was sedimented by ultracentrif ugation at 105, 000G for 2 hours. SP and rIL-2 were mixed and then ultracentrifuged at 105, 000G for 2 hours. IL-2 activity was completely retained in the supernatant. NKC-3 cells culturing in the presence of SP for 2 hours restored IL-2 response by washing to remove SP. The binding of 125I-rIL-2 to NKC-3 cells was inhibited by SP. Flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies (3C7, 7D4) against IL-2 receptors indicated that the binding of the monoclonal antibodies to IL-2 receptors decreased by addition of SP to NKC-3 cells. These results indicated that IIS of SP did not bind directly with nor neutralize IL-2 itself but prevented IL-2 from binding to IL-2 receptors. IIS of SP resisted to boiling for 15 minutes and lyophilization. However, prior treatment with pronase, papain, periodic acid of SP virtually reduced the inhibitory effect. These results suggested that glycoprotein was essential for biological function of SP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1359K) -
2.-Influences of Citrate Compound Administration on Sequential Excretion of Urinary Citrate and Other Substances Related to Stone Formation in Healthy ControlsShu Yasukawa, Masaki Uehara, Shigeyoshi Morimoto, Toshihiko Yoshida, T ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 626-633
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn five healthy men, the effect of two doses (3g/day and 4g/day) of orally ingested citrate compound, on urine volume, urinary pH, the excretion of citrate, calcium, magnesium, oxalate and creatinine were studied and compared with the corresponding values in a pre-loading day. Collections of every two hour urine (6 hours in night) were carried out to evaluate the influences of these administrations on circadian rhythms of them on consecutive three days.
Following administrations of citrate compound, the urinary excretion of cirtate increased, and the rise of it was directly proportional to the dose. A rise in urinary pH was observed in the evening or early night. Although the urinary calcium decreased silightly, there were no changes in other substances,
In addition, an ion activity product index of calcium oxalate was calculated using the formula which was described by Ahlstrand and associates (1984). The highest level of supersaturation of calcium oxalate was recorded after the ingestion of dinner on pre-treatment day. However, the level was reduced to an almost metastable range by administrations of citrate compound.
In conclusion, the administration on citrate compound increased the urinary citrate, and decrteased the saturation level of calcium oxalate. It was thus suggested that the citrate therapy was effective in preventing new calcium stone formation, especially, calcium oxalate stones.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
Operative ApproachAkihiko Yamasaki, Hiroshi Nakano, Kenji Yoneda, Hiromi Nihira1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 634-642
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reviewed the operative results, and intra- and postoperative complications of 85 renal cancer patients treated by nephrectomy at our clinic during the 18 year period from March 1986 to December 1985.
1) The operation time was shortest in flank incision, and longest in unilateral subcostal incision.
2) In transperitoneal approach, unilateral subcostal incision resulted in less intraoperative blood loss than others.
3) Preoperative renal artery embolization decreased intraoperative blood loss in patients treated by flank incision. However, in patients treated by transperitoneal approach, no difference was seen either in the required operation time or the intraoperative blood loss between patients with and without embolization.
4) Retroperitoneal lymphadencetomy caused a prolongation of 105 minutes in operation time and an increase of 72ml in intraoperative blood loss.
5) Intraoperative complications occurred in 16 patients (19%), they were seen most frequently in the midline upper abdominal incision. And the commonest complication was splenic damage, which occurred in 8 patients. However, no intraoperative complications were caused by retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.
6) Postoperative complications were seen frequently in flank and paramedian incision. In unilateral subcostal incision, only two patients (6%) were afflicted with wound pain. In patients with acute pancreatitis and lymphrrhea, the cause was probably due to retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.
Therefore, unilateral subcostal incision seems to be a useful approach for radical nephrectomy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1164K) -
Histological Evaluation of Chemotherapy ResponsivenessRyosuke Nemoto, Katsunori Uchida, Tooru Shimazui, Satoru Ishikawa, Ken ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 643-648
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFresh surgical explants of solid human tumors, twelve renal cell carcinomas, four bladder cancers and three testicular cancers were transplanted under the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice. Mice were randomized into groups of 4 to 6 animals each. On days 1, 2, and 3, mice were treated with various anticancer agents and their combinations. On day 4, mice were sacrificed and tumor-bearing kidneys were fixed in formalin and processed for histological analysis. Histological parameters were blindly rated in a semiquantitative fashion yielding a compound score which estimated the overall quality of each xenograft. Drug effects were demonstrated by statistical differences among groups in three assays by histological score. The subrenal capsule assay would predict to which anticancer drug a given patient's tumor is sensitive and may also be used to select the combination of these drugs.View full abstractDownload PDF (4336K) -
Noriaki Tanaka, Yoshiaki Kumamoto, Satoru Okayama1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 649-660
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels and urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were measured by radioimmunoassay and spectrophotometry methods. Fifty patients having acute pyelonephritis, 18 patients with acute cystitis, and 20 normal subjects were examined. Urine samples were obtained before treatment in all subjects, and then again on 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after the beginning of antimicrobial chemotherapy for acute pyelonephritis.
The ratio of β2-MG to urinary creatinine (β2-MG index) and the ratio of NAG to urinary creatinine (NAG index) were elevated in 48 out of 50 cases (96%) and 40 out of 50 cases (80%) in pyelonephritis patients. On the other hand, no elevation was observed in cystitis patients and normal subjects. β2-MG index and NAG index were normalized later than the improvement of fever and urinary leucocyte, but earlier than that of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Patients with pyelonephritis having an underlying disease of the urinary tract (except for VUR) showd higher levels and longer periods for normalization of clinical examination than patients without it.
Urinary β2-MG and NAG proved to be useful biochemical markers in localizing the acute urinary tract infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1477K) -
II. Detection of ABH Antigen by Exfoliated Urinary CellsHironori Tsujihashi, Takeshi Matsuura, Takahiro Akiyama, Takashi Kurit ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 661-666
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetection of tissue blood group antigens has proven to be of use in monitoring the malignant potential of bladder tumor. Many retrospective studies indicate poor prognosis is associated with the absence of these antigens. By using exfoliated urinary cells, we tried the prospective detection of A, B and H(O) blood group antigens. The method for staining was the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Urinary cells were fixed with ethanol and polyethylene glycol and the number of specimens was 36 (normal 6, cystitis 4, bladder tumor 26). Though independent interpretation was performed, loss of antigents in exfoliated cells was accordant with that in tissue sections. Detection of blood group antigens by exfoliated urinary cells is a simple, reliable test that could be used for clinical aplication.View full abstractDownload PDF (3605K) -
Yuji Adachi, Katsuya Nonomura, Masaki Togashi, Shigeo Sakashita, Akio ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 667-673
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS130 cases of urethroplasty done at Hokkaido University Hospital in the past eleven years (from Jan. 1975 through Dec. 1985) were analyzed, comparing one stage (82 cases) and two stage (38 cases) procedures with respect to their a) operating and anesthetic time, b) length of hospital stay, c) complications and d) overall success rates.
The results were as follows: a) There was no difference in the operating time, which was 4 hours on the average. Although there was a thirty minute prolongation in the one stage repair of proximal type, a bit longer anesthetic time was required in the two stage procedure. b) The length of hospital stay was 26days and 46days for one and two stage, respectively. c) Fistula and meatal recession were the most often encountered complications, and more difficulties were associated in their repairs after the two staged. d) Over all primary success was obtained in 70 per cent of both groups.
From these results, it was concluded that the one stage urethroplasty is superior to the two stage procedure.View full abstractDownload PDF (860K) -
Hiroaki Kobayashi, Koji Obata, Masashi Andou1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 674-679
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe T antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) of 91 bladder tumors was investigated by the Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase Complex (ABC) method. Since T-Ag is normally cryptic, cryptantigen (cryptic T-Ag) is investigated by the silalidase treatment in the case of negative T-Ag.
Abnormal antigenicity (positive T-Ag or negative cryptic T-Ag) was found in the 46 out of 91 cases (51%). Abnormal antigenicity was found in 11 out of 32 grade I, in 15 out of 32 grade II, in 20 out of 27 grade III, in 27 out of 65 low stage (<T2) and in 18 out of 24 high stage (≥T2) tumors. There was a correlation between the histological grade or stage and the abnormal antigenicity.
The recurrence rate was 65% in the abnormal antigenicity group, but 35% in the normal antigenicity group.
The survival rate over the total cases was significantly better in the normal antigenicity group than in the abnormal antigenicity group. The survival curve showed some discrepancy in the grade III and in the high stage cases by the absence of antigenicity.
Therefore the investigation of T-Ag and cryptic T-Ag may be valuable in predicting the clinical course of bladder tumors.View full abstractDownload PDF (4404K) -
Shigeo Isaka1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 680-689
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTPA value have been evaluated in the serum, urine and tumor tissue of patients with urologic cancer. Serum and urinary TPA was determined by the Prolif igen TPA (125I) Radioimmunoassay. Tissue TPA was observed by Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase method.
Serum TPA values were measured in 43 patients with bladder cancer, 34 with prostatic cancer, 12 with renal cell carcinoma. The positive rate of S-TPA in each group was 65.1% in bladder cancer, 78.6% in prostatic cancer, 58.3% in renal cell carcinoma. S-TPA level elevated significantly by recurrence or distant metastasis in bladder cancer patients who had undergone resection of whole bladder. Fairly good correlation was obaerved between S-TPA and the efficacy of given therapy in patients with prostatic cancer.
Urinary TPA values were measured in 12 healthy cotrols and 16 with bladder cancer. The mean value of was 48U/gCr in the control group and 2940 U/gCr in the bladder cancer group. Determination of urinary TPA may be a useful tumor marker in diagnosis and post treatment monitoring of bladder cancer.
TPA could be demonstrated in tissues in almost all cases of transitional cell carcinoma without regard to histological grade. On the other hand, TPA was not demonstrated in most cases of renal cell carcinoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (4876K) -
Shoji Suzuki, Atushi Fukuzaki, Seiichi Orikasa, Yositaka Saito, Akinor ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 690-696
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) on the filtrating capacity of single nephron and the renal hemodynamics were examined in rats using the Lissamine Green (L. G.) injection method. The superficial proximal tubule in which L. G. appeared in the first 30sec after intravenous injection of L. G. was defined as a Functioning Nephron (F. N.). The number of F. N. (Nf) was 15.1±0.96 (×103/cm2) in control and 5.50±1.76 in 1 day' CUUO. Further progressive decrease in Nf was noticed in 3 days' and 1 week' CUUO. In CUUO, L. G. appeared in different tubules at different times; in some tubules L. G. never appeared, suggesting that there appeared to be a marked heterogeneity of nephron function. L. G. appearance time in the peritubular capillary (TLG) was 2.6 sec in control and 3.7 sec in 1 day' CUUO. TLG delayed progressively with the duration of obstruction. 1hr after release of obstruction, TLG markedly improved. However, TLG did not return to the control value even 1 week after release. These hemodynamic responses to the release of obstruction suggest that the change of renal vessels to the ureteral obstruction is partly reversible. From the above results it is confirmed that the glomerular filtrating capacity is heterogeneously reduced during CUUO. Additionally, the data suggest that there is a close relationship between the impairment of renal hemodynamics and the decrease in Nf.View full abstractDownload PDF (1957K) -
Shoji Suzuki, Atsushi Fukuzaki, Seiichi Orikasa, Yositaka Saito, Akino ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 697-705
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism and the capacity of proximal tubular reabsorption during complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) were assessed in rats using micropuncture techniques. Peritubular membrane potential (EMperi), intracellular potassium activity (aiK) and transtubular potential (EMTT) were determined using K+-sensitive double barreled microelectrode. In control, EMperi and aiK were -68.7mV and 81.2mEq/l, respectively. In 1 day' CUUO, EMperi and aiK were -58.1mV and 68.8mEq/l, respectively. Further progressive decrease in EMperi and aiK were noticed with the duration of CUUO. However, all aiK observed in CUUO was still above electrochemical equilibrium. These data suggest that Na-K pump activity is partially preserved in CUUO. Consequently, active Na+ transport followed by fluid reabsorption must exist in CUUO. Thus, reabsorptive mechanisms of control and CUUO were considered to be essentially the same. The effect of obstruction on EMTT was marginal. Using Split Oil Drop method, the amount of fluid reabsorption (JVL) along proximal tubule was determined in control and 3 days's CUUO. Two different test solutions were Ringer' solution and Na+-free (Choline Cl) solution. In 3 days' CUUO, mean JVL was 0.0065nl/sec nm (22% of control) and the magnitude of JVL was proportional to the EMperi value. With Na+-free solution JVL was almost zero in both control and 3 days' CUUO. In conclusion, proximal tubular reabsorption plays an important role in maintaining glomerular filtration relatively intact during CUUO.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Mitsuo Ohkawa, Takao Nakashima, Shuji Tokunaga, Masayoshi Shimamura, T ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 706-713
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the significance of Trichomonas vaginalis as an etiological factor in infection of the male genitourinary tract, we studied by routine microscopic examination the detection rate of T. vaginalis in 43, 050 urine specimens from patients attending three hospitals. These comprised 22, 199 male's and 20, 851 female's specimens, for a period from January 1985 to June 1985. In addition, the incidence of T. vaginalis in 61 gonococcal urethritis patients (average age 28.6 years), 113 nongonococcal urethritis patients (average age 31.7 years), 55 chronic prostatitis patients (average age 42.7 years) and 19 male sex partners of women with vaginal trichomoniasis (average age 39.6 years) was investigated by microscopic examination and culture for the period from July 1985 to December 1985. The results obtained are as follows:
1. Sixty-nine urine specimens of 54 male patients and 85 specimens of 66 female patients contained T. vaginalis. The mean age of Trichomonas-positive was 65.7 years (range, 39 to 84 years) in the male patients, but 50.8 years (range, 19 to 80 years) in the female patients; there was a significant difference (p<0.01). Of the 54 male patients with T. vaginalis, 17 (31.5%) had underlying diseases of the urinary tract, 7 (13.0%) had diabetes mellitus and 4 (7.4%) had malignant tumors.
2. T. vaginalis was isolated in the urethral smear of only one patient (1.6%) with gonococcal urethritis and two patients (1.8%) with nongonococcal urethritis. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected simultaneously in the latter two patients, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies (Direct Specimen TestTM)
3. The samples of expressed prostatic fluid of 8 patients (14.5%) with chronic prostatitis contained T. vaginalis. The Trichomonas-positive patients ranged in age from 44 to 77 years (average age 60.3 years), and six of them had underlying disorders of the urinary tract.
4. T. vaginalis was isolated in the urethral smear and prostatic fluid of only one (5.3%) of the men who had sex partners with trichomoniasis. However, this man had no symptoms or signs of the infection.
These results suggest that T. vaginalis might be an opportunistic pathogen in males and that males might be important transmitters of female trichomoniasis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1105K) -
Teruhiro Nakada, Takashi Katayama1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 714-719
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 86 patients with asymptomatic hematuria were subjected to a trial of hemostatic treatments. The results of hemostatic capability were excellent in 17.2% of patients treated with 7.5g of Syo-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) and the same dose of Goreisan (Wu-Ling-San) daily for 45±3 (mean±S.E.) days. In this group, the hemostatic response produced was more gratifying in younger patients [at the age of 40±5 (mean±S.E.) years] than in older subjects [at the age of 59±3 (mean±S.E.) years] (p<0.01). Administration of these Chinese herbgs, 90mg of carbazochrome sodium sulfate and 750mg of tranexamic acid daily for 38±5 (mean±S.E.) days, showed excellent result in 10% of the patients. While hematuria became less distinct in 50% of patients treated with these Chinese hearbs and 2 atmospheric absolute pressures of hyperbaric oxygen (OHP) 90 minutes daily for consecutive 22±6 (mean±S.E.) days. No serious untoward reaction was caused following each treatment. The levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum electolytes were not altered after respective treatments. Theoretically hematuria is brought about by the evasion of erythrocytes from the capillary lumen via anatomic clefts of the vessel wall.
Although real mechanism of asymtomatic hematuria remains obscure, a dramatic hemostatic response was obtained with OHP-treatment in addition to these Chinese herbs. It may be of considerable practical significance that the treatments described above frequently improved patients' untoward conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (717K) -
Takahide Sugiyama, Atsunobu Esa, Young Chol Park, Shigeo Kaneko, Takas ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 720-725
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExact observation of detrusor compliance is very difficult in cystometry when urination reflex is enhanced as seen in brain bladder or cord bladder. Repeated performance of cystometry in so-called hypertonic bladder often failed to reveal changes in compliance of the detrusor. Since classification of the extent of nevous factor participation in detrusor compliance in these types of bladder is expected to provide a guideline in the treatment of these cases, the present study was conducted for this purpose.
Subjects and methods: The subjects were 99 cases showing so-called hypertonic, hyperreflexic, and normal bladder evaluated in cystometry. Intravesical pressure was determined before and after intravenous administration of 20mg of the parasympathetic blocker, scopolamine-N-butylbromide (butylscopolamine bromide).
Results and discussion: 1. Detrusor reflex was suppressed and detrusor compliance after elimination of parasympathetic factors was obtained after the administration of butylscopolamine bromide. 2. Cases undistinguishable as low compliance bladder from hyperreflexic bladder by conventional cystometry were demonstrated to be classified into two types after the administration of butylscopolamine bromide. 3. The volumes of the bladder at the first sensation of fullness and at maximum desire to void increased after the administration of butylscopolamine bromide. 4. Chronic effect of oral butylscopolamine bromide was found to be expected in cases showing pollakisuria or urge incontinence with remarkable increases of bladder volume at maximum desire to void and of detrusor compliance in cystmetry loaded with butylscopolamine bromide tests. 5. Cases showing no response to pharmacological denervation performed (in advance) with butylscopolamine bromide were not indicated for sacral nerve block aiming to increase bladder volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (828K) -
Kengo Nakachi, Hidenori Yabumoto, Mototsugu Kanokogi, Hiroki Shima, Yo ...1987 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 726-731
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEctopic opening of vas deferens is a rare anomaly. In most reported cases, the vas deferens opened into the ureter or bladder.
Only 6 cases of ectopic opening of vas deferens into the prostatic utricle have been reported, but its embryology is not clear.
In this paper, two cases of ectopic opening of vas deferens into the prostatic utricle are reported. Age, complicated anomalies, etiology and treatment in 8 cases of the ectopic vas deferens opening into the prostatic utricle collected from the literature were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3290K)
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