By voiding urethrocystography (combined with fluoroscopy) under the use of “spot” film, the author made researches in the movements of the bladder base and posterior urethra during the course of micturition about 35 normal cases and 115 pathologic cases. The method is as follows: the patient was given 4-6 exposures in one film at 45 degrees oblique and standing position during the act of micturition. (In case of neurogenic bladder, at the antero-posterior and supine position.) 15% sodium iodide or double diluted sugiuron was used as the contrast medium, and retrogradely injected into the bladder with a rubber catheter.
1) The contrast medium, which was injected into the bladder, was controlled at the level of the internal or external sphincter except more than half of neurogenic bladder and each case of prostatic cancer, tuberculosis, prostatitis and prostatic hypertrophy. And after prostatectomy, it was generally controlled at the level of the external sphincter. Therefore, as the closing mechanism of the urethra, the internal sphincter and the external sphincter are discriminated. Especially the function of the external sphincter is regarded to be the more important in the control of micturition.
2) At the beginning of micturition, the bladder base descends in most cases and ascends in a few cases, and the internal orifice descends in all cases who can void. From the active phase of micturition till the terminal phase, the bladder base ascends in all cases having no or a little residual urine, but in one case of chronic cystitis, it is observed to descend.
3) At the active phase of micturition, the normal width at the level of the intertal orifice is 6-15mm, and that at the level of the external sphincter is more than 3mm. The width varies according to the kind of disease.
4) In order to find out the correlation of the dilating function of the posterior urethra, the author calculated the rate of dilation (the rate of the level of the internal orifice to that of the external sphincter, the supracollicular portion and the level of vermontanum), and then the mechanism of micturition could be objectively observed.
5) In case of voiding urethrocystography, the reflux of the contrast medium was observed in higher rate than in retrograde urethrocystography.
6) The external sphincter takes a great part in the mechanism of voluntary interruption of micturition.
7) For the examination of the dilating function of the posterior urethra, voiding urethrocystography is the most suitable, and the direct exposuie is very valuable in clinical diagnosis, because the change of forms can be observed in detail by it.

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Influences of the chemotherapy on tumor have been appraised by clinical and pathological points, but in these observation there have been attended with many difficulties. Then cytological changes followed by the chemotherapy were observed. But exfoliative cells in urine also received many physical changes additionally. Then as material I adopted the normal saline solution that poured into bladder in stead of the urine. After the preliminary experiments, and the exfoliative cells were stained by Papanicolaou's method. Carzinophilin, Thio-Tepa and Mitomycin C were used for this studies, and these were administrated intravenously, intramuscularly and topically, respectively. The following results were obtained. The vacuolisation, faintly staining and the destruction of cytoplasma or nucleus, the non-transparency and the transformation of cytoplasma were observed after chemotherapeutic treatment, but the vacuolisation of cytoplasma and nucleus were the most conspicuous and significant. Each drugs influenced to the cancer cells in any degree, but any drugs were more effective by the topical administration to the bladder tumors.
Bladder tumor was easily observed cytoscopically, and the biopsy of it was able to repeat as occasion demand. Then we could easily tried the clinical, pathological and exfoliative studies of the bladder tumors under the influence of the chemotherapy.

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By delayed cystography in 76 cases, voiding cystography in 19 cases and urethrocystography in 88 cases, the author made a morphological observation on the normal case and many urological diseases, especially enuresis.
By delayed cystography, the vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was minutely observed, and incidentally the cystogram was also examined.
The rate of the occurrence of VUR is 11.9%, and it is very high in case of the infection of the urinary tract. VUR appears in three types: the immediate type, the continual type and the delayed type. There is no relation between VUR and residual urine, cystoscopic and cystometric findings. As compared with intravenous pyelogram, the rate of functional decrease of the upper urinary tract is 1/3 on the side showing VUR.
By the continuous observation of cystograms in the course of time, which shows the process of physiological filling of the urinary bladder, the situation of the bladder floor is constant, and the cystogram, which is semilunar and semicircular when the bladder is empty, is most remarkably dilated to the vertical direction, and as a whole it is radiately dilated. The ratio of vertical and horizontal dilation is within 1.2-1.5 for an hour, and as long as the patient doesn't feel a desire to void, the maximum of vertical diameter is not longer than that of horizontal one. The more the age advances, the more the situation of the whole cystogram descends.
Both the funnel projection of the bladder neck which was observed by delayed cystography and the dilation of the bladder neck and the internal orifice by voiding cystography are the characteristic findings in case of enuresis.
As a result of the observation which was made from the view point of the aging in measuring many urethral portions of the male infants and children by urethrocystography, the prostatic urethra does not grow so remarkably in childhood, but rapidly develops since puberty. And yet the other portions grow nearly in proportion to the development of total constitution.
The supracollicular portion is classified into four types by urethrocystography, and among them the dilated type was often found in enuresis.
By measuring radiation dose (to the gonads and the skin) by each roentgenography, it was approved to be very effective to protect the gonads of the patient by the use of the lead plate 1mm thick.

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