Thirty healthy mongrel dogs were used for this study. After bilateral nephrectomy, renal transplantations were done by anastomosing the renal vessels to the common iliac vessels and ureterocutaneostomy was performed simultaneously.
Materials for the histological and histochemical studies were obtained by the open wedge biopsies 4, 7, 10, 12 and 14 days after transplantation, while control specimens were taken before the operations. The methods of histological and histochemical approach were as follows; hematoxylin-eosin stain, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, fatty stain and reactions for leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The level of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities were determined in daily urine and serum, and kidney biopsy specimens were also used for the determination of the tissue content of these enzymes.
Histological and histochemical findings of the untreated autograft group were not remarkable. However, atrophy of the tubules with dilated lumen and the deterioration of the enzymatic activity in the tubules were noted in some areas of the treated autograft from 7 to 14 days after transplantations. These changes might indicate one effect of azathioprine. In the untreated homograft group, histological findings were characterized not only by lymphocytic infiltration in the peritubular, perivascular and periglomerular region, but also by the reduction of the enzymatic activities. Moreover, both LAP and AP in some of the nephrons were strongly affected from the early stage. In the treated homograft group, no marked infiltrations of the lymphocyte were observed. Nevertheless, LAP and AP demonstrated a marked reduction or complete absence, which was followed by the rejection crisis.
Biochemical estimation in the kidney tissue also showed low values of LAP and AP during the rejection reaction. The mirror image was noted on the level of LAP activity in urine and kidney specimen, while such a relationship was absent on the level of AP activity.
Therefore, it may be suggested that the reduction of LAP activity during the rejection crisis i s due to the shift of LAP to urine by an alteration of tubular permeability as a result of the immunological attack.

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Testosterone metabolism in rat ventral prostate was investigated in vitro and the following results were obtained.
1. The rat ventral prostate showed metabolic conversion of 5α-reduction and 17β-ol-dehydrogenation from testosterone, and the former reaction seemed to be more potent than the latter.
2. The activity of 5α-reductase was observed in nuclear fraction and, in lesser amount, in microsomal fraction. The reaction was accelerated by addition of NADPH.
3. The activity of 5α-reductase in ventral prostate increased gradually after birth and reached a maximum level in about 14 weeks. After that, the activity showed a declining tendency on aging. Castration decreased the activity of 5α-reductase, while testosterone administration to castrated rats restored the activity of the enzyme.
4. Testosterone was promptly transfered from the medium to prostatic tissues in vitro. About a half of incorporated testosterone was identified as 5α-dihydro-testosterone. In the nucleus, only 1% of whole incorporated steroid was demonstrated, however, analysis of the steroids in the nucleus showed that almost all of the materials was 5α-dihydro-testosterone.

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1. The activity of 5α-reductase from prostate was inhibited in vitro by supplementing the estrogenic compounds. Estradiol-17β showed the strongest inhibitory effect among tested samples.
2. Administration with estradiol-17βdiphosphate in vivo revealed a rather weak estrogenic effect, however, this compound showed significant inhibition of 5α-reductase when added to incubation medium of prostatic slices.
3. Treatment of 8 cases of prostatic cancer was performed with a daily dose of 100mg of estradiol-17βdiphosphate which was injected intramuscularly 30-65 times. The results of the treatment were very satisfactory and tumor-regressive effect was observed in all cases. No serious side-effect was observed during and after treatment except slight changes of the mammary gland seen in all cases.

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Exposure of subjects to oxygen at increased pressure has lately been found of several clinical applications. Hyperbaric oxygen has been ad vocated in the management of certain medical and surgical conditions. However, the effect of oxygen at high atmospheric pressure (OHP) on the living body, especially on fibrinolytic activity remains unknown.
This study was undertaken to determine, in 20 cases of urological diseases with hematuria, the effect of oxygen at 3 atmospheres absolute (3 ATA) on the fibrinolytic activities of circulating blood and urine.
Whole plasmin activity was found to be increased but activities of proactivator, plasminogen activator and antiplasmin were not found to be changed. These changes are believed to be caused by stress brought about by oxygen at increased tensions.
On the other hand, oxygen at 3 atmosphere pressure produced an decrease in the fibrinolytic activities of urine (fresh urine and extract of urine prepared with 2M-KSCN). It is suggested that this change may in part be caused by renal vasoconstriction brought about by oxygen at increased tensions and by oxygen poisoning of the renal tubular cell enzyme systems.
These seem to indicate that the kidneys act not as regulators of circulating fibrinolytic activity but as independent contributors to this activity and that the quantities provided -so far as at present is knownare determined by the rate of blood flow through the kidneys.

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A 70 year-old male visited our clinic with chief complaints of priapism, dysuria and micturition pain. Urological work up revealed 1-testicular neoplasm and secondary carcinoma of the penis. Unfortunately, this patient died 9 days after emasculatio totalis.
Pathological study showed that the left testucular vein was invaded and occluded with neoplastic cells. Therefore, the metastatic route of this testicular neoplasm to the penis way considered to be a retrograde venous transport. Histological diagnosis was kataplastic seminoma.
Thirty-three cases of secondary carcinoma of the penis were summarized. Four cases were from carcinoma of the kidney, 12 from carcinoma of the bladder, 10 from carcinoma of the prostate, 2 from tumor of the testis, 2 from carcinoma of the urethra, 2 from carcinoma of the stomach and 1 from carcinoma of the rectum. Sixteen cases of these (48.5%) had priapism.

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