Changes of pre- and postoperative levels of serum potassium (K) and total exchangeable potassium (Ke) have been measured on 44 patients admitted to the Urology Department, University Hospital, Tohoku University for the past two years. The data was then analysed for possible interrelationship between the serum potassium levels and total exchangeable potassium:
The results as follows:
1) No appreciable change in K levels was observed in 6 patients operated on for unilateral nephroureterolithiasis. Slight depletion of Ke was noticed after the operation, although remaining within the normal limits. These levels of K and Ke were found to be both normal limits throughout pre- and postoperative periods. The correlation of K and Ke, therefore, was well established. Nephro- and ureterolithotomy is supposed to be only a slight operative encroachment on the patients, hardly influencing the metalism of potassium.
2) 23 cases of prostatic hypertrophy which had retropubic prostatectomies showed normal serum potassium levels thoughout hospitalization, although marked fluctuation was seen in cases of impaired renal function in some cases. Decreased Ke levels were evident even before the operation. In more than half of the cases Ke was reduced below the normal level in 4 to 7 postoperative days, requiring more than two weeks to return to normal. In about three fourths of cases, both K and Ke were well maintained within normal limits with a few exceptions. In 4 to 7 days after the operation, two thirds of the cases showed diminished Ke levels in the face of normal serum potassium level, although the correlationship was still maintained. These alterations of K and Ke in these cases were rather noticeable, which leads to us to a conclusion that they resulted from senility and impaired renal function of the patients as well as effects caused by the operation.
3) With cases of prostatic cancer, preoperative levels of serum potassium of 8 patients remained normal. All these patients had total prostatectomies. In a few cases decreased K levels were shown one week after the operation. In some cases its diminition was still noticeable in 5 to 6 weeks post-operatively. More than one third of the case showed a decrease of Ke to abnormally low levels in preoperative period. The reduction was evident in almost all cases 4 days after the operation, some of which remained within abnormal Ke level for 5 to 6 weeks. As to the correlationship of K and Ke, some cases failed to maintain it due to the preoperative existence of Ke depletion. The reprocity was lost in many cases 4 to 7 days after operation, resulting from more pronounced reduction of Ke level than that of K, although sometimes K levels remainded normal. In 5 to 10 weeks after the operation, in half of the cases the K and Ke approached normal level and the another half reestablished the correlation of K and Ke only after both levels were restored to normal.
Observing the results of these cases, marked diminition of both K and Ke levels is attributed to the existence of changes caused by the carcinomas, as well as old age, as pointed out in the cases of prostatic hypertrophy.
4) 6 cases of carcinoma of urinary bladder which underwent total cystectomies with uretro-sigmoidostomies showed normal K level in preoperative period, but 2 or 3 of them developed hypokalemia 1 to 2 weeks after the operation, some of them required normal K levels, others recovered poorly. Abnormal preoperative depletion of Ke was noticed in one third of cases and all the cases examined showed low Ke levels on the 4 days after the operation, continuing the same phase for 1 to 10 weeks. Half of the cases maintained the correlationship of K and Ke levels well in preoperative period. However, the relativity was lost 4 days after the operation, resulting from the decreased Ke levels. These state continued for 5 to 10 weeks. In a few cases the correlationship of K and Ke was kept in the state of decreased levels of b

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Influence of aortic blood pressure upon renal blood flow was investigated, recording continuously the pressure by an electric manometer and the renal blood flow in the dog kidney by an electromagnetic flow-meter respectively at the same time. Thirty and five mongrel dogs of healthy adult were used, and anesthetized by intravenous injection of 0.3per cent solution of Isozol (sodium 5-allyl-5 (1-methyl)-2-thiobarbiturate), and by endotracheal tube inhalation of ether and oxygen. The results obtained are as follows.
1) By depleting blood, the renal blood flow was obviously decreased in parallel with levels of the pressure which fell down within normal range. However, by transfusion of the blood depleted in the previous experiment, the renal blood flow was not increased rapidly as to arrive at the control amount of the renal blood flow. On the other hand, the pressure was arrived rapidly at the control levels of the pressure by the transfusion.
2) By an intravenous injection of Methobromin, the renal blood flow was decreased gradually in parallel with fall of the pressure, however the decrease in the renal blood flow was not so much as in the blood-letting.
3) Following intravenous infusion of rapid large amount of Ringer's solution, physiologic saline solution and 5per cent dextrose solution, the renal blood flow increased gradually in parallel with a rise in the pressure, except that no increase in the renal blood flow was observed when no any change of the pressure was found practically.
Following the infusion of 20 and 50per cent solution of dextrose separately, an increase in the renal blood flow was obviously observed, and a maximum of the increase was indicated at 8 minutes after the beginning of the infusion, although a rise in the pressure was observed insignificant, and the maximum from 1.5 to 2.0 times of the control amount of the renal blood flow. A rate of the increase after the infusion of 50per cent dextrose solution was larger than of 20per cent dextrose solution, however the rate was not above 2.5 times of the increase of the 20per cent dextrose solution.
A change in blood flow of Vena iliaca externa was observed approximately as much as one of the renal blood flow, following the infusion of these solution.
4) By an intravenous injection of Adrenalin, a rapid sharp increase in the pressure and a remarkable decrease in the renal blood flow were observed. However, any change in the pressure and in the renal blood flow was not found, following the injection of Adrenalin into Recipient on experiment of Parabiose.
A blood flow in the Vena iliaca externa was slightly decreased at first and clearly increased later, by the injection of Adrenalin.
5) By the intravenous injection of Hydergine, the renal blood flow was decreased in parallel with fall in the pressure. On the contrary, the blood flow in Vena iliaca externa was increased a little.
By the intravenous injection of Atropine sulfate, the pressure was not changed while the renal blood flow was rapidly decreased, and the decrease was about 70 per cent. Following the injection of Atropine sulfate at five minutes and 40 seconds after of Hydergine, a rise in pressure and a decrease in the renal blood flow were observed conspicuously.
6) It was observed that the pressure was slightly fallen and the renal blood flow was decreased 40 per cent of the control amount of the renal blood flow by the intravenous injection of Imidalin.
Furthermore, a rise in the pressure and a considerable decrease in the renal blood flow were observed by the injection of Adrenalin at 2 minutes after of Imidalin.
By the intravenous injeceion of Pilocarpine hydrochloride at 2 minutes after of Imidalin, the pressure was decreased, and the renal blood flow was increased just a little at first, however, decreased at 50 per cent of the control amount of the renal blood flow later.
7) By the intravenous injection of 0.3per cent solution of Isozol into Recipient on

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Mongrel adult 29 dogs were used. They were anesthetized by the intravenous injection of 0.3per cent solution of Isozol. In denervated kidney, the left renal blood flow measured by an electromagnetic flow-meter and the aortic blood pressure by an electric manometer were recorded coincidentally, and a nervous mechanism on the renal blood flow was investigated.
Influence of Adrenalin upon the renal blood flow in these cases in which the left renal nerves and the left spinal ganglions of Thll to L 1 were extirpated, and in which the left anterior and posterior roots of them were severed respectively was observed. The results obtained are as follows.
In 3 cases extirpating the left renal nerves, the left renal blood flow was decreased about 50per cent of the control amount of the renal blood flow, in comparison with the renal blood flow in the innervated cases which was decreased about 20per cent by the intravenous injection of Adrenalin.
A manifest difference of the influence of Adrenalin was observed upon the renal blood flow between the innervated and the denervated cases, and the difference seems to be due to effects of the renal denervation.
Therefor, it is suspected that an intrarenal autoregulation exists a modulator of the renal blood flow.
In the other 17 cases severing the left anterior and posterior roots of them, with careful surgical procedure, the pressure and the renal blood flow were measured twice at one week and three weeks after the operation. In all these denervated cases, the pressure was given a rapid sharp rise, and the renal blood flow was decreased under 20 percent by the injection of Adrenalin. Therefore, effects of Adrenalin to both the pressure and the renal blood flow, even in all these cases, were observed obviously.
The most decrease in the renal blood flow after the injection of Adrenalin was found in the cases extirpating the spinal ganglions, and the most late recovery of the renal blood flow decreased was observed in the cases severing the anterior roots. In the cases severing the posterior roots, the recovery of the decreased renal blood flow was similar to the one in the innervated cases decreasing the renal blood flow by injection of Adrenalin.
An influence of Adrenalin upon the renal blood flow in both the innervated and denervated cases was observed to make each different decreased renal blood flow.
Accordingly, the difference seems to be due to an influence of the nerves severed and extirpated respectively, systematically. It is supposed that the influence of Adrenalin upon the renal blood flow of the cases at three weeks after the operation resembles to the one of the innervated cases rather than the one of the cases at one week.
Hence, it is thought that blood flow regulation of the renal vessels was compensated with other factors except these nerves severed and extirpated here, gradually after the operation.

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In the Bladder in which the antigen-antibody reaction was supposed Cystitis coligenes was observed. In this paper, for the purpose of studying on the antigen and the antibody the protein fraction of bladders and serum are made in the rabbit, and also the biochemical study.
1. The significant change on the Protein fraction in the Serum are not observed.
2. But in the bladder, the decrease of β-globurin and the increase of α₂-globurin are observed. And I think that the decrease of β-globurin relate to the mechanismus of cystitis coligenes.
3. The Increase of K/Ca in the Serum are supposed for allergy.

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