As to the peripheral nerves participating in erection, many aspects still remain unknown.
In this report the relationships between the condition of erection or relaxation of the penis and peripheral nerves were studied.
Upon the examination, the alteration of forms of the penis caused by erection or relaxation was recorded objectively, using a special modified foil type strain gauge attached on the bulbus glandis of the penis. Using young male dogs as experimental material, effects on forms of the penis of section and electric stimulation of the pelvic, hypogastric and pudendal nerves were examined. Electric stimulation was made continuously with square pulses of 1-5V in amplitude, 2 msec in duration and 10-50Hz in pulse rate.
A complete erection was obtained on stimulation of the pelvic nerves bilaterally.
The hypogastric and pudendal nerves were cut bilaterally. Upon subsequent stimulation of the pelvic nerves erection still took place. No responses were ever obtained on stimulation of the hypogastric and pudendal nerves. The erection produced by stimulation of the pelvic nerves did not subside either upon stimulation of the hypogastric nerves.

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A psychosomatic study was made in 19 patients with functional disorders of erection, 6 with organic impotence, 25 with infertility, by two different personality tests in questionaire; Cornell Medical Index (CMI), Yatabe-Guilford (Y-G test).
Above 60 per cent of functional impotence were diagnosed as neurotic, classified in the 3rd and 4th areas of CMI card. On the other hand, 80 per cent of infertile cases were diagnosed to be normal, in the 1st and 2nd areas of CMI card.
According to Y-G test, abnormal personality in functional impotence was recognized in 47.4 per cent. However, only 8 per cent in infertile cases were found to be abnormal.
As mentioned above, abnormal personality was more frequently observed in functional impotence than in controls of infertile patients. These results demonstrated that abnormal personality as well as psychological stressors had possible etiological importance in functional impotence. Furthermore, a close correlation between the results of CMI and Y-G tests were observed in functional impotence. There fore, these two personality tests seemed to be useful and reliable clinically in diagnosis or treatment of functional impotence.

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The effects of autonomic drugs on seminal emission and ejaculation were investigated in mongrel dogs. Changes in the posterior urethral pressure (Posterior Urethrogram) and the volume of seminal emission during continuous hypogastric nerve stimulation were measured in different dogs. The seminal emission induced by hypogastric nerve stimulation caused continuous rise in the posterior urethral pressure. When the pressure reached the maximum level, a rhythmic alteration of the pressure which was considered to be a phenomenon identical to ejaculation occurred. The drugs were administered into the aorta close to the bifurcation.
The following results were obtained: Tetrodotoxin (1-5μg) abolished both seminal emission and rhythmic alterations of the posterior urethral pressure. Phenylephrine (10-100μg) and methoxamine (10-30μg) markedly increased the seminal emission and induced the rhythmic alterations. Phentolamine (1-10mg) and phenoxybenzamine (1-10mg) abolished both seminal emission and the rhythmic alterations. Administration of isoproterenol (10-30μg) or propranolol (1-10mg) affected neither seminal emission nor the rhythmic alterations. Acetylcholine (1-10μg) or atropine (1-10μg) did not show any definite effect on both seminal emission and on the rhythmic alterations. No significant effect of DMPP (10-30μg) on seminal emission or on the rhythmic alterations was observed. No significant change in seminal emission was caused by hexamethonium (100-500μg). The rhythmic alterations were not affected by the agent in most dogs.
From these results it is concluded that both semiqal emission and ejaculation are predominantly under the influence of the adrenergic nervous system, particularly through an α-adrenergic receptor mechanism.

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Effect of level of some electrolytes, urea and acid base balance in patients undergoing regular chronic hemodialysis was studied.
Urea nitrogen levels in plasma and erythrocyte were reduced by half, but the reduction was slight in cerebrospinal fluid. Sodium concentration showed no change in the above mentioned three compartments. It was proved, however, that sodium exchange itself occurred. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid potassium was easily dialysable and came to the normal level from a hyperkalemic state, though erythrocyte potassium concentration remained unchanged. In addition, levels of plasma calcium, phosphor and uric acid were discussed.
Concerning acid base balance, hydrogen concentration in plasma and erythrocyte responded to hemodialysis and became normal. or rather subnormal, but, in cerebrospinal fluid, it was unchanged since plasma and erythrocyte Pco₂ stayed at low level. In predialysis, erythrocyte bicarbonate level and base excess were extremely low, and almost normal in postdialysis, while the values in plasma were corrected.

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Twenty-six subjects were divided into two groups: enuretics, and patients with various diseases but without enuresis. These subjects were studied to investigate the diurnal variation of urinary volume and of urinary total solute, Na, K, 17-OHCS and ADH excretions in urine at 3 hourly intervals over periods one to nine days.
The results are summarized as follows:
I. Variation in urinary volume, total solute, Na, and K excretion
A. Excretion of urinary volume and total solute
In the subjects with nocturnal enuresis in contrast with other subjects under ten years of age, urinary volume and total solute excretions increased both at night and in the day. There was in particular an increase in the volume of night urine and the volume of solute excretion at night and there was a reduction in the volume of total solute of daytime urine.
In the subjects in the 10-15 year age group, the enuretic group, as compared with other group, showed an increase in urinary volume and total solute excretions at night. And also the subjects above sixteen years of age showed a similar tendency.
B. Excretion of total solute and Na in urine.
It was noticed that the rate of Na excretion into total solute excretion was almost constant. In particular, a large relative excretion of total solute and Na in nighttime urine was observed in the groups under 10 years of age, in the 10-15 year group, and in the over 16 group.
C. Excretion of total solute and K in urine.
When the total solute increased, the volume of K in the total solute increased slightly but it could hardly be recognized that there was any fixed tendency in the rate of increase. Therefore, there was no significant difference between enuretics and other subjects.
II. Daily variation of urinary 17-OHCS level
In the group without enuresis under 10 years of age, the nocturnal values were the lowest, but the values increased rapidly in the early morning and decreased gradually in the afternoon. On the other hand, in the enuretic group, the urinary values were relatively low at night and increased slightly in the morning, but were low as a whole and the variation of them was only slight for all periods. Because measurements of the enuretic 10-15 year age group were infrequent, it was difficult to evaluate the difference between the enuretic group and the other group by the same criterion. But it would appear that the results for the subjects under 10 years of age were almost the same as those above.
In the group without enuresis above sixteen, the nocturnal values were low and rose in the morning and fell slowly in the afternoon. But in the enuretic group, quite a wide distribution was observed for all periods of the day and night, and it was difficult to perceive any definite trend of daily variation.
III. Diurnal variation of urinary ADH level in urine.
In the group without enuresis under 10 years of age, the urinary values were relatively low in the early morning and rose slightly in the forenoon. These values were maintained in the afternoon but fell at night. On the other hand, although scattered from night to day, the enuretic group showed very similar changes as compared with the group without enuresis. Later, cases with extremely high and extremely low values were found.
In the 10-15 year age group, it was difficult to evaluate the difference between the enuretic group and the group without enuresis, but in the enuretic group, it was observed that some enuretic subjects showed low values in the morning, and high values in the evening and at nighttime.
But in early morning and in the evening, cases with high values among the non-enuresis group were found in the over 16 year group, but apart from this there was no particular difference between the two group during the daytime.

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The clinical observations were made on the aged patients over 60 years old admitted in Department of Urology, Kobe University during the period of 1967 to 1971.
Aged patients over 60 years old occupied about one third of all in-patients, and about one third of them were admitted for treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy.
Abnormality rates in the examination findings increased with age, and became more marked after operation.
On admission, there were no special differences in the abnormality rates between postoperative death cases and alive-discharged cases, while general findings of non-operative death cases were significantly impaired. In prostatectomy, massive bleeding during operation delayed the discharge from hospital. In nephrectomy, aged patients suffered more disturbances in physical condition than in other urologic surgery, and on the other hand, prime patients suffered less.

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153 female patients with recurrent urinary infection were seen between July 1971 and December 1971 at the Urology clinic of the Hokkaido University Hospital. The age distribution was from 2 year-to 76 year-old. 25 cases harbored well explicable underlying conditions for recurrent infection. Other 128 cases required more detailed functional studies to explain its pathogeneses and to outline the proper treatment. Distal urethral stenosis, the majority of which was found in women over 50 year old, was thought to be etiologically significant in only 12% of the cases. Faulty voiding habit either by infrequent voiding or by frequent holding of the urge to void, was the primary cause of recurrence in 48%. Latent uninhibited ngB was found in 10%. Success rate in the prevention of recurrence was increased by the regimen of frequent voiding among infrequent voiders and by the concommitant administration of anticholinergic in patients with uninhibited ngB. The role of hydrostatic pressure must be a significant factor in patients with recurrent urinary infection.

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