The writer studied the quality of diet, the frequency of co-eating, and the atmosphere at meal time respectively in order to clarify their effects on the mental health of junior high school students. Five hundred and seventy-three students responded my questionnaire, and the major findings are as follows : (1) As for the dietary quality, high quality of diet may be considered very effective in controlling low level of “lack of perseverance” as well (2) as their temperament such as “hot temper, ” “irritation, ” “unwillingness to go to school, ” and “wish to commit suicide.” It should be noted that peaceful atmosphere at the dining table is more effective on the above-mentioned four states of mind than high level of nutrition. (3) High frequency of co-eating is found effective in controlling their “wish to commit suicide” and “unwillingness to go to school” as long as they are pleased with the atmosphere at the dining table. (4) As far as the male students are concerned, talking with their family off the dining table seemed effective in controlling their “hot temper, ” “irritation, ” and “wish to commit suicide.” So long as the female students are concerned, however, the warm meal time atmosphere seemed more effective than having a chat with their family off the dining table.

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ナットウキナーゼ活性を指標として納豆菌 (Bacillus natto NB-1株) による大麦の固体発酵が可能であることを明らかにした.その活性は37℃の発酵で1日目にピークを示す一過性のものであり, その後漸減したが, 1.0M尿素の共存下ではピーク後の濃度の減少は抑えられ, 酵素の生産量は持続的に高められることが分かった.この納豆菌による麦発酵物中にはナットウキナーゼが持つ強力なフィブリン分解能 (10万IU以上/100g乾燥物) と共に, Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA, Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNAなどの合成アミド基質に対する分解能, そして大量のビタミンK2 (メナキノン-7) (約9,500μg/100g乾燥物) の存在が確認された.また, 未処理物に比べて発酵大麦は遊離アミノ酸含量が高く, 特にPhe, Val, Tyr, およびGlu濃度は10倍以上優れていることが分かった.

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Visual acuity was measured by Randolt's ring-figures covered or uncovered with a fabric and the degree of transparency for the fabric was defined as the ratio of the visual acuity in the covered case to that in the uncovered case. The feeling of transparency of fabrics was determined through sensory evaluation with the sight sense. As the optical parameters of fabrics, the absorption coefficient and the diffusion coefficient used in the Kubelka-Munk model were experimentally measured by the application of Minato's method. Then the relationship of those characteristics for the transparency of fabrics, namely, the degree of transparency, the feeling of transparency and the two optical parameters, was discussed. Obtained results were as follows.
The feeling of transparency was very high as the degree of transparency was above 0.8 and the feeling of transparency was sufficiently low, as the degree of transparency was below 0.4. Both characteristics proportionally changed to each other in the range of 0.4 to 0.8. The degree of transparency showed a good linear relation with the transmission coefficient calculated by using the Kubelka-Munk model, where the absorption and diffusion coefficients were experimentally determined for the fabrics. Also it is interesting to note that the degree of transparency was mainly dependent on the diffusion coefficient and showed a good correlation coefficient in terms of fabric thickness.

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From the viewpoint of recycling of bio-based resources and environmentally friendly polymers, polyurethanes (PU) were prepared from polyethylene glycol (PEG) with bean-curd refuse (BCR) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). BCR consists of protein, lipid, saccharide and ash. However, it is not known which component is most effective to improve the physical properties of PU's. In order to investigate the effect of the components of BCR on the physical properties of PU, PU's were prepared from each component of BCR and the mixture of components (called man-made BCR). Stress at break (σ_b) of PU's increased by increasing the polysaccharide components, while strain at break (ε_b) of PU's increased by increasing the lipid component. Glass transition temperature (T_g) of PU's increased by increasing the components of polysaccharide and lipid, and decreased by increasing the content of protein. These results suggested that chemical structure of the components of natural resources affected the physical properties of PU's. The physical properties of PU derived from BCR and man-made BCR were calculated by the equation of additive rule and these values agreed with those of BCR-PU.

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The surfaces of 3D models which were constructed in our previous study were developed for each of 48 elderly women. The dimensions on the developments were analyzed. In comparison with those of young women, the elderly women's torso surface dimensions were significantly different in several aspects. The back neckline was narrower and shallower, the front neckline was deeper, the shoulders were narrower, and the bust point was lower. Above the armpit level, the difference in length between front and back was larger and the angles for dart placement were larger, allowing for the more rounded back of elderly women. The principal components characterizing the individual shape of various two dimensional torso surface areas were extracted. The meanings of those components were similar to those of young women except for the second component which was interpreted as the degree of inclination of the upper back. These results suggest the need for special consideration regarding alterations of dress patterns when ready-to-wear and custom made dresses are designed for elderly women.

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A certain style of mourning dress was established in the first part of the Heian period, and while almost all of the basic styles. Continued to be worn in later years, the more formal style did not appear until the latter part of the period. The formal style was called Sokutai and the informal one was known as Noushi, the same as those for the Kichibuku (normal dress), while the color itself played a key role.
In the case of the Ryoan Shozoku, dressing in a blackish Tsurubami (dark brown) was normal, and Ihou (outer garments designed for each job ranking) was worn for service in the Imperial Palace.
For public funeral occasions, mourning dress other than the Ryoan were Mumon Kan (plain cap without any pattern) and Nibiiro Hou (dark grey outer garments), Mumon Kan and Mumon Hou (outer garments without any pattern), and Aya Kan (cap with a pattern) and Aya Hou (outer garments with patterns) in descending order of relationship intimacy. The colors of Sitagasane (underwear) and Hakama (pants) were Nibiiro, Ao Nibiiro (bluish dark grey), Ao Kuchibairo (bluish brown) Ki Kuchibairo (yellowish brown) in descending order of the intimacy of relationship. Each person selected a combination of the style of the costume and the color from among those mentioned above, based on his or her own state of mind at each occasion. After the 49th day from the passing, which came to represent the end of one of the mourning periods, the color of the mourning dresses were gradually changed to lighter ones. Private mourning dress was also worn in accordance with public dress in principle, and females also changed their Kichibuku to those of dark grey colors.

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The purpose of this report is to find the dwelling realities of the aged residents by analyzing the relation between their behavior and time-use. Also studied were the placement and use of furniture as well as other life-supporting materials. The data used for our analysis are the results of the detailed investigation (1993, N=336) and the case study (1994, N=22). The living characteristics of the aged residents may be summarized as follows :
1) Half of the aged residents' basic living time (from getting up to going to bed) were more or less regular, but irregularity was seen in about 20% of them, especially in single males. Most of the single males had no interest in household work, with their dwelling behavior centering around visual and audio activities.
2) The basic living time of seniors and weaklings were rather regular, going out less frequently; leaving their residence happened only when going to hospital for treatment or going shopping to buy life-supporting necessities. It was also noted that their activities tended to become less while being unable to do household work positively.
3) The case study showed that half of the single household residents had their meals in WASITU or the Japanese style tatami-mat room and not in their dining-kitchen; they seemed to prefer YUKAZA or the Japanese style of dwelling. In so far as the physically handicapped residents were concerned, they used Western style beds for sleeping in WASITU.

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戸建住宅を対象に浴室環境の実態調査を行った結果, 次のような知見が得られた.
(1) 浴室の設置は大半が1階であるが, 築10年より新しい住宅では2階以上の設置が増加する傾向が認められた.
(2) 浴室は築年数が浅いほどユニット工法が増え, プレハブ造住宅ではユニット工法が多いことから今後プレハブ造住宅の増加とともにユニット工法の増加が予測される.
(3) 浴室の色彩については時代とともに流行がみられ, 近年壁色は白またはベージュに収斂され, 浴槽は築10年以上では金属色が多いが, それ以降多様な色が用いられている.また壁と浴槽の色はコーディネートされているものが多くみられた.
(4) 設備について, 窓の設置率は高いが換気扇は半数に留まる.また気泡装置や浴室暖房機 (乾燥機) の設置率は低いが所有者の年齢や使用頻度から今後の普及が見込まれる.そして手摺の設置率は近年高くなる傾向を示し, 築5年未満では約半数に設置されている.
(5) 浴室内での転倒は浴室の明るさとの間に有意な差が認められた.また転倒状況などからシャワー付近や洗い場の壁などへの手摺設置の必要性が示唆された.
(6) 浴室の総合的な満足感には色彩的要因や浴槽の要因, 換気の良さやかびの生えにくさ, 浴室の明るさなどが影響していることが明らかとなった.
(7) 脱衣空間では浴室に比べて換気設備の設置率が低く, 照明では白熱灯よりも蛍光灯が多く用いられている.しかし築年数が浅くなるにつれ壁色が白やベージュに収斂していることや暖房設備の普及率が低い点については浴室と同じ傾向を示す.
本報告の一部は日本家政学会関西支部第21回 (通算第77回) 研究発表会において口頭発表を行ったものである.

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生活の中での入浴の位置づけを把握し, 今後の浴室空間のあり方を検討することを目的として入浴行動の実態について質問紙による調査を行った.得られた結果は以下の通りである.
(1) 冬よりも夏が, また若年層ほど入浴頻度は高く, 若年層はシャワーをよく使い, 高年層は浴槽に浸かることが多いことが明らかとなった.
(2) 身体を清潔にする以外の入浴の意味とは, 疲れをとる, 心身のリフレッシュのためと考えているものが多くを占め, 他に高年層ほど健康のため, 中年層は家族とのコミュニケーションをはかるため, 若年層は1人の時間を楽しみくつろぐ, 身だしなみを整えるなど精神的なリラックス効果や美容のためなど年齢によって入浴の意味が異なることが明らかとなった.
(3) 入浴法や入浴関連商品について, 柚子湯やクール系入浴剤などは知名度が高くよく使用されているが, 比較的新しい商品である芳香浴やエステゼリーなどは知名度は高いがまだ多くは使用されていない.しかしそれらに対する関心は高いことから今後の利用が見込まれる.また男性より女性が, そして特に若年層の女性が強く関心をもっていることが明らかとなった.
(4) 入浴行動について対象者の類型化を行ったところ, 日々規則正しく入浴を行っているかどうかと入浴に対して積極的な姿勢であるかどうかの2軸が抽出され, 不規則・消極型, 不規則・積極型, 規則・消極型, 規則・積極型の4つに分類された.

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