This study examined the features and developmental process of the Public “Daycare Institutions for Children with Intellectual Disabilities” in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area in the 1960s～1980s.
  Based on this study, the following was revealed:
  ① “Jido Gakuen” in Tokyo was the institution which provided support for school age children with intellectual disabilities until the 1960s. There were similar institutions all over Japan. In the 1970s who were not of school age were allowed to attend “Jido Gakuen”.
  ② Later on most of the “Jido Gakuen” became “Seikastu- Jissyujyo”. I imagine that this came about due to the administration in Tokyo.
  ③ I also feel that it was because of these administration policies that three “Jido Gakuen” continued in three specified districts.
  I think that “Jido Gakuen” possessed two patterns of the development process.

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  Since China's reform and opening up policies, the economy has developed a lot, which has led to urbanization. This urbanization developed even further after the 1990s due to large-scale city development by the Chinese government. As a result, the land of many peasants' was expropriated to meet the need of city construction. In times of planned economy, peasants would be given a job as compensation after their land was expropriated. But in a market-oriented economy, peasants cannot get any guarantee of employment, which makes their life harder. The purpose of this study is to investigate the employment problems of land-expropriated peasants who live in underdeveloped cities, the employment support policies which are established by the local government, and the effect of these polices. Based on the above study, some effective recommendations are to be proposed to improve the employment of land-expropriated peasants.

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