This study is to examine the realities of how people cope with an emergency (sudden illness, accidents, for example) of the aged in a household where only an aged person lives alone or he/she has only a spouse and no one else, and what they think about this situation. This study is based on the research in which the aged in the aged-only households and their children living away from them were surveyed. The conclusion of the study is as follows : 1) Those who contact the aged in an emergency or regularly check his/her safety are his/her children or spouse and not their neighbors. 2) The children are much more concerned of an emergency, feeling the necessity of preparing for it much more strongly than their parents. 3) With regard to the contact in case of an emergency, the children want their parents to use “emergency call system” while the parents take the idea rather negatively. With regard to regular safety check, both the children and the parents are not familiar with what kind of service is available. Even where they know of some services, they seem not so keen to depend on them. The main reason for unpopularity seems to be the cost involved. Besides, the operational difficulties and concerns about privacy make the parents reluctant to use those services. Furthermore, the children are more likely to accept an idea to sharing the cost with their parents while the parents mostly think that they themselves should bear the expenses themselves.

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Since 1992, the authors have been comprehensively researching the life of local people in an unelectrified village of northern Thailand. A research on structure and function of the family was conducted by a questionnaire survey in August 2002 with a hearing survey that followed up one year later in August 2003 as well as the demographic surveys conducted in January 1993 and June 2002. The data were mainly analyzed by cross analysis method using SPSS software. With the electrification of the village at the end of 1996, the villagers exposed to a large quantities of external information through TV have been trying to increase their earnings in various ways on the basis of the information obtained. Consequently, those who work or study away from homes are increasing. Although the family structure has not remarkably been changing, the outsourcing of the family function has been recognized. Furthermore, internationalization has been slowly progressing there. Such being the case, the structure and function of the family of this village are expected to change at an accelerated rate.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify how mothers with small children enjoy and evaluate 'eating together' with their friends at home. For this study, a questionnaire was used to survey 738 mothers in their thirties having children less than 12 years old. The major findings of the survey are as follows : 1) Eighty percent of the respondents sat together with their friends for tea or meal because they wanted to talk with their contemporaries, 2) 'Eating together' is understood to have contributed to furthering ties with friends, developing good human relations, facilitating communication among children, and relieving stress, 3) Cooking for 'eating together' is more enjoyable than daily cooking for the family, and 4) They felt less burden in washing dishes and doing other chores after 'eating together.' Two different types of 'eating together' were found, i.e., one for the working mothers and the other for the mothers who are not employed. Two major effects of 'eating together' are : 1) Good relations built with friends and 2) Increased interest in cooking.

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(1) フェイジョア果肉部100gあたりのポリフェノール量は0.5gで, 没食子酸当量で表すと0.2 であった. また, 皮部100gあたりのポリフェノール量は1.2gで, 没食子酸当量で表すと0.7gであった.
(2) フェイジョアポリフェノールの脂質過酸化抑制能に対するアスコルビン酸およびクエン酸の添加効果について検討を行ったところ, 皮部ポリフェノールとクエン酸の同時添加において相乗効果がわずかながら認められた.
(3) フェイジョアポリフェノールの脂質過酸化抑制能に対するpHおよび温度の影響について調べたところ, pH4および7において安定であり, 100℃, 3時間加熱でも90%以上残存したが, pH10においては不安定になり, 保持温度が高く, 経過時間が長いほど低下するという傾向が見られた.
(4) 食品加工への応用を目的として, クッキーヘフェイジョアから粗精製したポリフェノールを添加し, 過酸化物価 (POV) を調べた.50℃4週間経過後における皮部および果肉部ポリフェノール添加クッキーの酸化は, 無添加クッキーに比べ, それぞれ68%, 60 % に留まり, 有意に抑制され, また, 果肉部ポリフェノール添加クッキーは皮部ポリフェノール添加クッキーよりも高い抑制能を示した.

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妊娠期および授乳期のラットに食餌量を制限した場合に母体と子の発育に及ぼす影響について検討した.妊娠ラットを4群に分け, 自由摂取させた2群には20% カゼイン食 (C) または20%分離大豆たんぱく質 (SPI) 食 (S) を投与した. 食餌制限した2群には, 自由摂取群が摂取した量の30%減の割合でカゼイン食 (CR) またはSPI食 (SR) を妊娠期と授乳期を通して投与した. 食餌制限はそれぞれの自由摂取群とのpair-feedingにより行った. 結果は次の通りである.
(1) 妊娠期に食餌制限を行った場合, 母体の体重増加量は, CR群がC群より, SR群がS群より有意に小さかった. 新生子の体重と臓器重量は, SR群はS群に比べて有意に軽かった.
(2) 妊娠期, 授乳期を通して食餌制限を行った場合, 母体の体重, 臓器重量は, CR群がC群より, SR 群がS群より有意に軽かった. 離乳子の発育は, 生後3週齢において, CR群がC群より, SR 群がS群に比べて有意に劣った. また, S群はC群より, SR群は CR 群より有意に発育が劣った.
以上より, 妊娠期と授乳期を通して30%の食餌制限をすると, 母体と子の発育への影響が顕著にみられた. また, 食餌制限群, 自由摂取群共に, SPI食はカゼイン食に比べて離乳子の発育が遅れた.

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For the purpose of contributing to the progress of environmental education programs, a scale for the attitude measurement toward environmental education was constructed by Thurstone's method of equal appearing intervals. Twenty representative opinions arranged on a straight line (psychological continuum) at almost equal-intervals were selected. It enabled us to measure general attitude toward environmental education both in quantity and in quality.

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