本研究は，保育者がどのような価値観で保育実践を行っているか，またその規定要因は何かを明らかにすることを目的とした．現行保育の基本理念が国レベルで示された1989年から10年後の1999年を，保育理念の定着期と考え，その時期において保育にどう体現されていたかを調査した．認定こども園が誕生し，日本の保育制度が新しくなろうとしている現在，我が国が目指してきた保育実践を改めて振り返り，基本理念を確認する意義は大きいと考える．
　国立・公立・私立の幼稚園と保育所の保育者を対象に質問紙調査を行った．2事例を提示し，どのようなかかわりを構想するかを尋ね，状況解決型・目標提示・達成型・連携型・一対一対応型の4つの価値観が抽出された．状況解決型は子ども同士の関係の橋渡しなど，時間をかけても状況を改善しようとする価値観，目標提示・達成型は積極的に具体的な指示を子どもに与える価値観，連携型は他の保育者や保護者と協力して状況改善を目指す価値観，一対一対応型は子ども同士のかかわりを成立させるために，まず保育者が密にかかわろうとする価値観である．各対象者が最も強く支配されている価値観を同定し，次の結果を得た．公立は状況解決型，私立は連携型が有意に多く，特に16年以上の保育者にこの違いがみられた．設置者別に異なる価値観で若手保育者の子ども理解や保育行為の選択に影響することを考えると，この結果は重要な意味をもつ．また，公立が人事異動で流動的な職員関係，私立が比較的固定された人間関係の職場であるため，前者は研修による園外の保育者との価値観交流の場に，後者は園文化に価値観形成の主な規定要因があると考えられる．
　本研究結果は日本の設置者制度の特徴だけでなく，保育者は子どもの存在の仕方に条件をつけることなく受容し，関係を重んじて教育に当たるべきであるという日本的な価値観も示している．

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  The results of intervention studies on micronutrient deficiency implemented in Nepal were reviewed as the first step to considering the necessary nutritional programs for the Nepalese. A PubMed search was performed, with the key words of “Nepal” and “micronutrient”, to identify the nutritional intervention appropriate to the Nepalese, conducted by a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and published in English prior to April 2013. Forty articles covering twelve studies were involved in this review. The post-1989 studies were aimed at decreasing mortality and morbidity of children, adolescent girls, and pregnant women by using vitamin A, zinc, iron and other micronutrients. This micronutritional supplementation was consistently effective, suggesting that additional strategies like fortification and food-based dietary modification may be necessary in the future. The targeting of female participants and an economic evaluation should also be considered.

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  Respite care services are support care services. These can include a provision for short-term care for frail elderly people in nursing homes. This type of service helps home caregivers to reduce what could be described as ‘care fatigue’.
  In this study, I analyze two investigations (from 1999 and 2011) about home caregivers. And I consider the subject of respite care services and how they can be developed in order to support the community lives of both home caregivers and the elderly.
  Home caregivers are able to rest, physically and mentally, by taking advantage of respite care services. And, because of this, caregivers are able to continue with home care, and to participate in social activities. However, there is a drawback. When the elderly spend several days in a nursing home, their mind-and-body level may go into decline. The decline of their physical and mental health may result in increased pressure on home caregivers.
  In other words, although the present respite care services can provide home caregivers with rest in the short term, it could also lead to some home caregivers giving up home caring in the long run. Therefore, respite care services require respite for home caregivers, and special care for the elderly. Furthermore, respite care services require that the services provided are managed in accordance with the situation of home caregivers and the elderly.

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