The breakthroughs in visualization technology and the intensive research endeavors in molecular biology, hematology, and angiology are gradually disenteangling the complex matter of stroke. Taking into account the fact that by 2020, stroke mortality will have almost doubled, mainly as a result of an increase in the proportion of older people (Ch. Warlow, et al., Lancet, 362, 1211-1224, 2003), emphasis should be placed on the importance of laboratory training and experience to learn microneurosurgical skills and microsurgical techniques, particularly in the field of re-constructive neurovascular surgery. In the future, the indications for reconstructive vascular surgery will become clearer, and the number of cases will increase accordingly. The synchronic expansion of advances in diagnostic techniques with the remarkable evolution in treatment modalities, including the broad spectrum of pharmacologic therapies as well as refined microsurgical techniques, will be outlined.
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