地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
12 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 新野 弘
    1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 85-95
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The existence of a conspicuous zone of islands and banks fringing the northern coast of the Japan Sea is well known. In 1922, H. I. M. S. “Musasi” discovered a large bank at the northern end of that zone, Iookm west off the coast of Tesio Province, Hokkaidô. It is outlined by 200m bathymetric line, gourd-shaped, and its shallowest part, which is in the center of the northern part, 31m. The bank has a significant flat, broad plain at a depth of 140-160m., the margin of the flat plain descending abruptly to the deep sea-floor.
    In the course of the soundings, thirty bottom samples were obtained from the bank and these samples were placed at my disposal through the courtesy of Commander Asahina, Hydrographic Department, Imperial Japanese Navy.
    An examination of the bottom samples, showed a predominance of gravels, followed by sand, mud, and rock fragments.
    I Rock fragments. The rock fragments, which were obtained from three stations, are plagio-liparite, glassy basalt, siliceous shale, and diatom-earth. The diatom-earth and siliceous shale show, under the microscope, some organic remains, such as fossil coscinodiscus sp., sponge spicules, etc. Although the fossil diatom and other organisms in the sedimentary rock fragments are of little value for accurate correlation of the rock strata, the fact remains that the general character of the rock fragments in question closely resembles those of the Tertiary rocks developed in the adjoining ter-restrial region, where, it may be added, liparite and basalt are also common in the Tertiary and Quaternary formations.
    2 Gravels. Gravels were obtained from II stations on flat plain of the bank and the deep sea floor around it. They are quite water-worn, with neither striae nor pits on the surface, although rarely encrusted with calca-reous algae, bryozoa, etc. The lithological characters of the gravels micro-scopically determined may be classified into igneous and sedimentary rocks. The gravels of igneous rocks are liparite and basalt, probably derived from the bed rocks. The gravels of sedimentary rocks are diatomaceous sandy shale, siliceous shale containing fossil sponge spicules, their lithological charac-ters being closely related to the Tertiary rocks developed in the adjacent terrestrial regions. Gravels of hornstone and siliceous shale are rarely found among them, suggesting that they were derived from the Tertiary conglome-rate bed containing abundant pebbles of Palaeozoic. rocks.
    3 Sand. Sand was obtained from many stations on the bank and the deep sea floor around it. The sand grains consist of angular quartz, feldspar, coloured minerals, glauconite, and organic remains. The most noticeable fact is that tests of foraminifera are abundant in the coarse sand obtained from sea floor shallower than 200m., decreasing abruptly in number. with increase of depth.
    4 Mud. Mud is found below 400m. That obtained from the deep sea floor contained abundant diatom remains, sometimes looking like diatom ooze.
    Since the Musasi-tai, which rises from the deep sea floor outside the con-tinental shelf along Hokkaido, is separated from the mainland by a trench more than 300m. deep, it is natural to conclude that transportation of rocks and gravels from the mainland of Hokkaido across this trench is impossible, for which reason the soundings are of geological impotance, due to their yielding rock components that probably from the main part of the bank. The lithological charactesr of the rock fragments and gravels just mentioned are found to be the same as the geological elements making up the Neogene Tertiary developed in the adjacent mainland.
    From the foregoing facts, the bank as a whole represents a recently sub-merged land block, closely related, geologically as well as topographically, to the mainland of Hokkaidô.
  • 木内 信藏
    1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 96-125
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    I According to Profs. Geisler, and Müller, Dr. Weber, and others, the ‘Physiognomie’ or ‘Landschaftsbild’ of a city consists of the following ele-ments. (1) ‘Grundriss’, (2) ‘Aufriss’, (3) population, (4) commerce, (5) communication, (6) history, (7) topography.
    The physiognomy of a city may be considered from two angles, the first is explanation from data of a number of phenomema, the second being the study of a city from investigations of its physiognomy; in other words, the ‘Physiognomische Methode’ of Dr. Weber, and the ‘From Form to Function’ of Prof. Jones. In the explanation, Prof. Geisler's ‘moglichste allseitig’ obser-vation is necessary, for which there are two ways, the one of systematic description in explaining landscape, the other in the voluntary selection of view points to make the explanation vivid. A good treatise on the subject will also be found to be serviceable.
    II The landscape of Tôkyô to-day is characterized by the single word ‘confusion’, namely, a partial Europianization of the private life of the citizens, which is merely a stage in the eventual higher degree of assimilation of European culture by Japanese, my descriptions being memories of the pro-gress of Tôkyô.
    The streets are the face of a city on which the most active and characte-ristic phenomena occur. Those referred to in this paper being commercial streets, include the following topics:
    1 The developement of the present various types of commercial streets from the markets of old Japan; (a) street shops, (b) street stalls (‘Roten’ or ‘yomise’ in Japanese), (c) department stores, (d) street in a building, (e) markets, public, and private, retail and wholesale, (f) others.
    2 The relations between commercial streets and purely transportational streets are very intimate, but when the former is only for walking, or when a new broad way is constructed to relieve the excess traffic, the relationship ceases, for instance the Ginza and Syôwa street, although not an ideal exam-ple. The relation to topography is also dealt with (fig. 3, 4).
    3 Definition of shopping streets by the number of shops or the total length of shop fronts (figs. 5, 6).
    4 Uniformity of a street. The functional arrangement along streets are measured. (1) percentage: K=one function, L=other functions (industrial, commercial, and communications, public, refreshmental, residential, unused) Sign 0 K=100 (sum of front) 1 100>K_??_90 2 K>50 K_??_L/2 (2) Arrangement: The numbers of groups performing the same function are counted, but as a better method, the superior one is compared with the others, and according to the unit length of street now discussed, from i to 4 groups are selected. (3) Combination of percentage and arrangement oI absolutely Mono-landschaft 12, 13, 14, Mono-landschaft α, β, γ 22, 23, 24, vice Mono-lan dschat α, β, γ
    5 Street rhythms. There are many rhythms in a street; the kinetic, caused by communications and the static, being the arrangement of houses, etc., also the historical and present. Showwindows and showvcases, as indi-cators of the development of shopping, are summarized by percentages for every 20 shops and houses along Yotuya and Hongo, radial main streets in Yamate (the upland or residential) district. The housefloors and house-types are also described (figs. 9, 10, 11).
    6 The meshing of streets. The cause of the meshing of streets is the intersection of more than 2 roads, but since trade does not always develop on all parts of a street, the result is rhythm, meshing, and discontinuous city growth.
    The distribution of bank offices (fig. 12) indicates the mesh of commercial functions.
  • 吉村 信吉, 根來 健一郎, 山本 莊毅
    1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 126-153
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present paper deals with the limnology of the Gosikinuma Lake-Group of Volcano Bandai. Many lakes fill small basins on the surface of mud flows that poured out of Volcano Bandai at the time of its famous explo-sion in 1888. Twelve of these lakes were surveyed in the middle of Aug. 1935. Their areas ranged from 2, 000 to 100, 000 sqm, and their depths from 2.7 to 13 meters.
    They had singular stratifications of water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, because their waters were partly supplied by the warm and acidic-underground water from the explosion crater. The limnology of them are seen from the following table.
  • 1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 152
    発行日: 1936年
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 鹿野 忠雄
    1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 154-177
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 178-182,190
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 上田 信三
    1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 183-185
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 米田 正武
    1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 185-186
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 土井 喜久一
    1936 年 12 巻 2 号 p. 186-189
    発行日: 1936/02/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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