地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
26 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
  • 水山 高幸
    1953 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 1-9
    発行日: 1953/01/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The landforms of Kyoto Basin which have been formed by tectonic movement are a striking forms in the Inner Zone of Kinki District, Central Japan.
    This depression were afterwards buried by Osaka Formation, and the relative height between the surrounding mountainlands and depression were increased by the repeated deformations.
    The preceding studies were not sefficient to explain preeisely the exact relation between faults and landforans.
    The writer presumes that the major tectonic landforms being built up through the accumulation of the repeated micro-deforirations, and the pro-cesses of building up of basins in Kinki District are able to be explained by analyzing and synthesizing those repeated micro-deformations.
    Therefore he traced the detailed aspect among regent movement, erosion and deposition for proving those processes, and researched the relation between tape faults and the landforms in the wetern border of Kyoto Basin.
    The cixaraeteristic features of three tectonic lines have been pointed out by his field work as follows;

    1. Katagihara Line which runs to N15° W; This line is a flexure in the younger deposits, and has, built up the east-facing steep slope between Otokuni Hills and the bottom of Kyoto Basin.
    2.Talzahata Line which runs to N45° W; This line is also a flexure in the younger deposits and has built up the east-facing steep slope. But has showed faulting only between the Paleozoic rocks and the younger deposits.
    3. Kanegahara Line which runs to N30° W; This line shows a sy iclinal structure in the younger deposits along the eaestrn side of it.
    In the paleozoic rocks which distribute along the southern part of its line, the graben has been grown along this line and in the southern part of this line, the fresh scarp has, been built up between the paleozoic rocks and the younger deposits.
    The movements along those line have occured according to increase the gradient between the mountainlands and the basin in last process of the sedimentary cycle of Osaka Formation. Kanegahara Line is the oldest one among them.
    They are generally Similar each other though they are different in micro order, and it is interesting for him that their directions are traverse to the direction of Nishiyama Fault Scarp.
  • 安田 初雄
    1953 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 10-19
    発行日: 1953/01/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) On 9th May, 1952, there was a destructive frostdarnage in Fukushi-ma prefecture. A few parts in this prefecture suffered additional frostdama-ges vocally on 17th, 22nd, and 26th, May. (2) 3.n the Fukushima Basin mulberries, pears and peaches only sufferd the first frostdamage of the year. The distribution of several grades on in mulberrydamage is mapped in Fig. 1. The distribution of “Super high” and “high” grades is found in two belts; one is in the flood-plain of River Abukuma situated on the north-eastern lovvest part of the basin, and the other on the gentle slope of the young compound fans in the south-western part of the basin. The pattern of this distribution relates closely to that of the minimum temperature, since the time of mulberries germination. is almost similar th rdughout the basin floor. The form er is so. low in its height that cold air settles early in the morning, and the latter is a stagnant part of the cold air, caused by windbreaks maide of dense cryptimerias and bamboos, and by other reasons. (3) The distribution of frotdamage in Fukushiia prefecture.
    In the Abukma valley, and on the Abukuina plateau, or Nakadori, there is almost always a tendency of suffering severer frostdaznage than in Aizum and Hamadori. Although the minimuin. temperature is lowest in the south-wastern part of the prefecture there is no frostdamage of mulberries untill early in May. Since Aizu is a mountainous, snowy province, mulberry buds are later than in the other pprovinces, and there is also few frostda-mage in April and early in May. In Hamadori or the littoral province it is as warm as in the Fukushima Basin, but the littoral has longer frostless period owing to oceanic influences. In spring, 1952, and 1941, etc, the middle Abukuma valley and. the plateau suffered severe damages, while there Little or no daiiiage in the gorge and its outlet on the south-easten manin of the Fukushima Basin. since the Surimagi and Okawa Valley also have gorges at the lower parts, and bear some resemblanees to the middle hukilnza Valley, severe frostd.ainage sometimes occurred in the upper part but a little or no frostdauiage occurred in the gorge and its outlet. (a) In the gorge the canyon wall is so steep that the Katabatic wind hlows as soon as tre air cools down. By the drainage of the speedy air, the cool air mingles with the warmer air of the upper. layer. (b) cold airsaagniates on, the Wide, gentle slope of the upper valley, and through a narrow steep floor of the gorge, it is drained off as fast as a rapid stream in the canyon. it mingles With. warm. air, and they blow down towards a gorge outlet. That is one of the reasons why frostdamage is not so severe in the gore and its outlet. (4) On the flood-plain of the Abukuma-River in the Fuku sima Basin, the frostdamage occured in 33 years out of 52 years from 1889 to 1941. Among these 33 years, very great damages were made in 9 years. In spite of the frequent damages one of the most integrated sericuture region of Japan, located on the flood-plain in north-eastern Ft kusinia Basin did not move towards a frostless region on. the slope of its surrounding mountain. Where the latest frost occurs in June or at the latter part of May, silkworms of summer or autumn are mainly reared. (5) The method of protection front frostdainage is has made no progress in this region. The difficulties of prevention increased rather than before the war owing to the dispersion of mulberry fields, resultedf rom the expansion. of fields for food production during the wartime, and to other various reasons. Whereas such sensitive crops, as pears and some sort of vegetables came to be raised. in the re ion where the damage e was repeated in almost every season, thus resulting in suffering severer damage. (6) With a few e ceptions. the people are not adequately utilizing the frmtle s belts of a temperate zone on the slope of surrounding mountains and of isolated hills.
  • 福井 英一郎
    1953 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 20-28
    発行日: 1953/01/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Up to the presen time, the radiation problem mainly attacked on the physical principle in the meteorological works, while it is not always suitable and applicable to the practical uses in the climatology and agricultural schemes which are concerned with atmospheric phenomena over long period. The author has published several papers treated with the problem on the climatological basis. On the present paper he examined the meridional distribution of insolation during the sunarner times. This work consists of two parts, Part 1 is that on the earth without an atnnos-phere and the author calculated the latitude _??_1 where the diurnal amount of insolation for any day takes the maximum and minimum values and the latitude _??_2 where the total amount of insolation during any interval from λ' to λ", λ the celestial longitude of the sun, takes the extreme values. _??_1 is obtained by the differentiation of the fundamental formula of inso-lation and given by
    tan_??_=-cot δ cos t0 _??_
    where δ is the declination of the sun. The reults obtained are as follows:
    _??_
    Generally, there exist two maxima, one at the pole on the summer hemisphere and the other on lower latitude, and one minimum. But the maximum at the pole has hardly any significance, because it vanished out en the actual earth covered by the atmosphere. _??_2 is derived from the differentiation of Milankovitch's formulae with _??_ and trafsforzned to the numerical equation of the third degree. Solving the equation the following recults are obtained.
    _??_
    The results are very interesting, for us and the fact that the most intense heating of the earth's surface during the summer season occurs in the tenfiperate zone from the latitude 30° to 45° and not in the tropical it very important and able to eye pl ain some geographical phenomena. These area:
    1) The world's highest temperature on meteorological records exceeds, 50°C and these stationg are all situated within a zone between the latitudes above mentioned (Fig. 1).
    2) The s
    tations with the extreme maximum temperature higher than 40°C are also foundd in the same zone (Fig. 1 and 2). 3) The most fertile cultivated land with greate_??_t productivity in the world also lies in the same zone.
    These are due to the reason that in the tropical regions the amount of radiation varies little through the year in spite of its greater annual amount while in the middle latitudes it is concentrated in a short season in summer exceeding that of the former And that the the temperate regions are not only favoured with their mild climate but also the abundunt solar energy during the growing season lead them to the most prosperous and civilized centers in the world.
  • 北海道の鐵道旅客交通の場合
    有末 武夫
    1953 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 29-36
    発行日: 1953/01/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    In arailway system, the place where a stream of travellers is cut into two is a traffic divide. It may be determined by the direction of passen-gers' flow. Since the normal movement of traffic becomes clear and definite at the traffic divide. It may be used to determine the limit of the umlands of a city.
    The auther astablislied the limits of umlands on Sapporo, Hakodate; Obihiro and many other cities and towns all over Hokkaido (Fig. 1). He investigated the number of passengers and their destinations at each rail-way station. in the unlands of main cities Fig. 2 shows the relation found in the main cities' umlands, between the distances from the central city to each station and the ratio of passengers going to the central city to all Specifically he investigated the railway passengers in the urnlands of Sapporo and those of Obihiro in detail (Fig. 3). The integrated area having a central city as its core, such as the umland of sapporo, or of Obihiro is deinonstrated by the pattern of passengers' flow and its traffic divide. This integrated area may be called a traffic community.
  • 籾山 政子
    1953 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 37-40
    発行日: 1953/01/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the first report, We tride to express the curve of beriberi in Osaka City, by composition of two periods which have one year normal cyclic distribution. But the phase of the second period slipped down by half a year. The first period was supposed to have the casue of outbreak in summer while the second period in winter.
    The temporal distribution curve is expressed by: f(t)=C1_??_G1(t-nh)+C2_??_G2(t-nk)

    In this report we calculated the destribution curve of the death rate of beriberi above one year excepting the infant beriberi, in three years from 1933 to 1935, on the date of total Japan, applying the same formula. In this result, we can get the distribution curve shown in the graph (Fig. 1), and find out that the actual value and the calculation coincide well. Judging frog this facts too, we can imagine that there will be some reason easy to cause beriberi death in winter, even though excepting the infant beriberi under year, on which it has been said that the infant beriberi often occurs in cold winter season.
    Then we calculated the distribution curve of the death rate of beriberi in five cities (S appor, Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe and Fukuoka) to find out the geographical differences according to the areas, concerning the weight of summer cyclic distribution and that of winter one. In the result try e found that the actual value and the calculation almost coincided well inz these cities (Fig. 2-4). Coniparing the summer weight C1 with the winter weight C2, we found that the winter weight C2 in Sapporo City, shown 0.35, is larger than that of other cities. On the other hand, the summer wveight Cl in this City is only, 1.8 tines larger than the winter wight C2. even, though in other cities the summer weight C1 are 3 or 7 times larger than the winter ones. The constants of C, δ, q and m in five cities are shown in the table.

    Although it is difficult to say exactly from the above-mentionedd data, we can imagine that there will be some relation between low temperature environment and the outbreak of beriberi, judging from the fact that Sapporo City which is situated in northern Japan, has a large winter weight C2 eomparde with the other area.
  • 1953 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 41-44
    発行日: 1953/01/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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