地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
28 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 堀内 義隆
    1955 年 28 巻 7 号 p. 317-328
    発行日: 1955/07/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 小野 博司
    1955 年 28 巻 7 号 p. 328-338
    発行日: 1955/07/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Shiwaku Islands, consisting of 13 inhabited islands, lie in the eastern part of the Setouchi Inland Sea. As the Inland Sea was the oldest water-highway in Japan, the islanders were skillful in ship-building and ship-handling, which were the basis of the coining out of the “Ninzmyô System”.
    The “Nimmyô System”, originated in the year 1590 and continued until the end of the Edo Period (Feudal Period, 1603-1867), was established for a group of 650 seamen in order to place them under the direct control of the Shogunate (Military Government). According to the system, they had a duty to engage in the official transportationn by sea in case of need, and were granted, in compensation for their services, the agricultural products in the island by the Shogunate.
    Most of the inhabitants of the islands were occupied by Nimmyô and the-ir family, the rest, only a little in number, however, had not the privilege of Nimmyô. They were called Môto against Ninznzyô. It is very important to understand the defference in social standing between Nimmyô and Môto It seems that the class consciousness of the former was so strong that the la-tter was despised unjustly.
    The people, belonging to Nimmyô, occupied themselves with the shipping business, which prospered exceedingly in the middle of the Edo Period, butt declined before long. The prosperity of the shipping business was caused by the establishment of a new sea-route of transportation from the Tôhoku District to Ôsaka or Edo by, way of the Japan Sea, and the principal car-go was rice, which was then required in a great quantity with the remar-kable development of the cities (Edo and Ôsaka) and their increased popu-lation.
    Though the transportation work was monopolized by Nimnnyô, it began to decline in the Genroku age (1688-1703). The decline may be attributed to the multiple causes. The rise and fall of the shipping business gave intense influences to the economy of the islands. Agriculture had remained only as a side-work of the islanders, so that the economic independence of the isalnds had been lost since the beginnig of the Nimnlyô System. In des-pite of the poor agricultural production, the population of the islands incre-ased. Consequently, with, the decline of shipping busxness, islanders were obliged to go over to the mainland for work. Most of the emigrants worked as carpenter. Only a few, of Nimmyô became fishermen for the fishery of the islands had been carried on almost by Môto.
  • 小池 洋一
    1955 年 28 巻 7 号 p. 339-353
    発行日: 1955/07/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    As the modernizing development of a town advances, the urban area ex-pands outwards by absorbing the surrounding farming areas into it. In Kyoto, such a change is well indicated by many vegetables whose names are respectively capped with the name of a place which has turned into a. part of the city. On the other hand, there are places like Kamigamo where the farming is even now carried on in the city area. What characterics has such a kind of. farming in an urban area ?
    Kamigamo is known for the cultivation of Suguki and processing it as-pickles, of which commercial name is also called. Suguki. But the area did not show any such characteristics until the middle of Meiji era when they moderniging development of Kyoto was going on. Later, especially after the, World War I, the production of Suguki in Kamigamo was technically imp-roved, and.in couse of time product of Kamigamo monopolized the marketi by its superiority both in quality and quantity over those of the rival areas.
    It was then that the area began to show the following characteristics.
    1. They cultivation and processing of Suguki, whose profit amounts to-more than 50% of the total. profits of the farmers of Kamigamo, are carried on by the surplus labour in winter. Consequently the number of house-holds specializing in agriculture has amounted to 80% of all the households: in the area.
    2. Suguki is cultivated as the winter crop in rice fields. So such a diffe-renciation into nto vegetable-farmers and cereal-farmers did not take place in Kamigamo as has been experienced in other villages in the suburbs.
    In short, the farming in Kamigano was adapted to the urbanizing effects. The farming methods have got mechanized and the way of villagers lives have been urbanized. Onthe other hand, however, their extreme co-mmercialism and the smale management have intensified the riva lry among them and hindered their co-operation and a farther development of the industry. These are the social problems left to the area.
  • 吉川 虎雄
    1955 年 28 巻 7 号 p. 353-359
    発行日: 1955/07/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1955 年 28 巻 7 号 p. 359-370_2
    発行日: 1955/07/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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