地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
28 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 設楽 寛
    1955 年 28 巻 12 号 p. 609-620
    発行日: 1955/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The writer has analysed the distribution of the air temperature in April in a coastal area, chiefly through the comparison between those of Hiroshima and Kure, which are situated on the northern coast of the inland Sea of Seto, the results being as follows.
    So far as the minimum air temperature is concerned, Hiroshima shows a lower value than Kure, and the differance is conspicuous on a clear night when it increases rapidly (Fig. 1 III, Fig. 2). The reason why such a rapid increases takes place is that the discontinuous decline of the temperature happens in Hiroshima (Fig. 3 II), while the curve of the night cooling in Kure shows a continuous one (Fig. 3 I). The former is sometimes caused by the land breeze, streaming out from inland (Fig. 3 IV), which is not always the sole factor (Fig 5). But this phenomenon is not observable when the sea breeze blows.

    The valley of R. Ota flowing into the sea at Hiroshima forms a favourable passage way of an air stream to Hiroshima, along which blows the air cooled in inland, carrying the front with it (Fig 8). On the contrary, Kure being surrounded by the hills in the rear, the sudden fall of the temprature is seldom brought about, even when the land breeze begins to blow. Thus Kure retains the climatological characteristics a sea coast shows, while Hiroshima is covered with the inland stream with the result that both of the areas are influenced by the heterogeneous air-masses. The difference of the tem-perature is caused in this manner, and from such an angle can be grasped-the distribution of the nocturnal air temperature in a coastl area.
  • 松村 安一
    1955 年 28 巻 12 号 p. 620-632
    発行日: 1955/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tanzaburo, one of the villages in the valley of the Tama River, engages in the lumbering. The origin of the lumbering can be traced far back as the end of the 16th. century (at the beginning of the Edo Period). The Ome forestry has since been notable as private economic enterprise.

    A certain family of bushi (Samurai) settled there with his clan, but did not establish a settlement of the form of gozokubyakusho-mura (settlement of a powerful family). The society was consisted of shoki-hombyakusho, junhombyakusho (both freemen), and fudai (the unfree). The system began to show changes and the unfree developed into the freemen in the early part of the 17th. century. Some of the shoki-hombyakusho were comparatively large land-owners and they became the largest about 1797-1847, after that became smaller. The upper class occupied both rich arable lands and poor lands, the latter of which were transformed into forest. The lower class lost rich lands and got only the poor lands.

    The population of the village showed no sign of increase until the Temmei Famine (1787). Following the decrease caused by the Famine, a gradual increase continued up until 1843. But the degree of increase was checked from that time. The number of a family in the lower class was not stable in 1806-1865, but in the upper class it either sustained or increased. In general, two types were recognizable in the size of families, one was of 5 members and the other of 8 in 1865. The uper class contained man and woman servants and formed large families.

    In the management of farms, they produced cereals and vegetables only to suffice their consumption, not for sale. With their small products, they could not get into contact with money economy. Among the by-products such as textile, sericulture and charcoal, timber was the most important as merchandise.

    A mountain proprietor (yamamoto or yamanushi) soled woods in the forest to motozime. He bought it and employed teams of woodcutters who were called soma, tems of transporters of logs called hiyo. Ikadashi who bought timber from him made raftsmen to transport to Rokugo or Fukagawa. In this villge, motozime were usually ikadashi, and often yamamoeo, too. In the social structure, motozime, ikadashi and yainamoto were found among the upper class, but soma and hiyo mainly in the middle and lower classes. The forest labourers, soma and hiyo: were under the control of the upper class.
    Thus amoung many which were inseparable into agricultural and mountain villages, this villge began to develop into a modern mountain vilige.
  • 杉村 暢二
    1955 年 28 巻 12 号 p. 633-643
    発行日: 1955/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1955 年 28 巻 12 号 p. 643-652
    発行日: 1955/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1955 年 28 巻 12 号 p. 653-670,674_2
    発行日: 1955/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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