地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
48 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 深井 三郎, 式 正英
    1975 年 48 巻 3 号 p. 151-175
    発行日: 1975/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Seventy years have passed since glacial features were studied for the first time in Japan in 1902. With the progress of the Quaternary research, the study has gradually been activated after the War, involving a number of scientific disciplines. This symposium was intended to focus upon gaining common understanding of some of the questions concerning the problems of glacial geomorphology in Japan at the present time. Seven papers were read in the forenoon session: 1) Toshio Okayama: An outline of history of studies on glacial geomorphology in Japan, 2) Tomoya Iozawa: Patterns and distributions of glacial landforms, 3) Yugo Ono: Cirque topography of the Japanese Alps, 4) Kiyoshi Sekine: Microtopography of the cirque bottom, 5) Masahide Shiki: Glacial landforms and climatic terraces, 6) Shoji Horie: Ice Age chronology in terms of lake sediments, 7) Norio Fuji: Climatic fluctuation of the Ice Age and the Post-Ice Age in terms of palynological data.
    Four and a half hours of the afternoon session, that followed the presentation of the seven reporters, were truly lively and substantial. More than two hundred participants attended the session, and the discussion was full of significant comments and opinions, which were given by the participants as well as by nine commentators. The discussion can be summarized to consist of two main themes. The one is a problem of identification of glacial landforms. This contains four sub-themes: (a) the inner part of the cirque bottom, (b) low-lying moraines outside the cirque, (c) climatic terraces, (d) other problems of geomorphologic identification. The other theme is a problem of correlation between glacial geomorphology or geology and climatology. It is further divided into three sub-themes, that is, (e) connection between snowbanks and glaciers, and snowlines, (f) climatology of the Ice Age, (g) stages or sub-stages of the Ice Age.
    Very important as they are, studies on identification of the glacial features are considerably difficult in some cases, because Japan lacks an existing glacier and only glaciated landforms are found in the upper part of high mountains. Recently, however, more and more students have an interest in the problems of glacial features or the Quaternary in Japan, and much work has been done in these fields of study. They include geomorphological field work around high mountain ridges, observations of the past or present peri-glacial phenomena, researches on accumulation terraces or valley fills and analyses of deep core-samples of lake deposits. Lake Biwa, the Japan's largest lake, and Lake Kizaki located on the piedmont of the Japanese Alps are the lakes under intensive study, providing an accumulative set of materials.
    Correlation between glacial cirques or moraines and accumulation terraces or valley fills should be studied exactly, and it must be further extended so as to make it possible to correlate them with basin fills or lake deposits that have been precisely analyzed to assure chronology and climatic changes in the Quaternary Age.
    A snow line was discussed from both sides of paleoclimatology and water balance. The glacial formation in the Ice Age in Japan was treated from the view-point of glaciology or science of snow and ice. Such a treatment of the glacial formation was a first trial for the meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers.
  • 植村 元覚, 板倉 勝高
    1975 年 48 巻 3 号 p. 176-195
    発行日: 1975/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the 1960s the social and economic development in Japan was largely based upon the industrial activities in the three major megalopolises on the Pacific coast and their extensive coastal lines; Keihin (Tokyo Megalopolis), Chukyo (Nagoya) and Hanshin (Osaka). Further development is, however, disturbed by many difficulties like labour shortage, unobtainable industrial sites, crowded transportation systems, etc.
    The coastal development in the Sea of Japan has been partly developed, but relatively slow. It is on the coast of the Sea of Japan that the problems above mentioned might be solved. Furthermore the Japan-Siberia trade will make us pay attention to a considerable amount of economic activities in this area.
    The aim of this symposium is to discuss the questions below:
    (1) What kind of social requirements are met concerning the coastal development of the Sea of Japan?
    (2) How could the regional economy be improved by the development?
    (3) How should we, geographers solve the problems related to the blueprints for the industrial port sites?
    The members of the symposium consist of six reporters, seven commentators, three chairmen, two organizers and more than fifty participants. Through the session there had been much discussion with regard to the subject and there were much left to be discussed. This is due to the fact that the subject given was of great importance. The most remarkable result of the symposium is the interest excited among the members.
    There are two kinds of study; one is an approach to the very core of the coastal sites for industries, i. e. a physical-geographical study of building industrial ports, the other is a positive study of the industrial development of five regions. Prof. Aramaki points out that all industrial ports under construction are artificially excavated on a large scale, and that they will be eroded and buried by littaral drift and wind-blown sand. He evidences by many data that some coastal erosion and environmental destruction will be rapidly increased. Those facts surprised us very much. The physical survey of waves and sand drift has been done with a limited space and a short duration. Therefore there are many geographical questions left to be considered. Many disturbing factors will be observed in the course of the development. If the better results are to be obtained for reducing these factors, it seems to him to be imperative that the development should be scaled down. That is, those hazards lead to various disasters, which cost a huge sum of expenditure to be restored to the former state. But there is no use crying over spilt milk in the environmental destruction.
    With the five regional positive studies, each competant scholar alloted a portion of the work to each on the coast of the Sea of Japan: Mr Takatsu (Niigata Pref.), Mr Takeuchi (Toyama), Mr Nakato (Ishikawa), Mr Yoshida (Fukui), and Mr Nakano (Tottori and Shimane). They discuss wheher the coastal development attached to the port sites for industries will be a great benefit to the population. They doubt that such development has a beneficial effect. Mr Takeuchi reported on the subject in his paper. The improvement of the agricultural structure, i. e. the readjustment of arable land, according to him, had already been carried out in Toyama prefecture. The consquent result enables to direct into the industrial channel the labour of peasants.
    Through the symposium, many questions, even referred to a saner attitude based on the realities of materials they made use of, had provoked much discussion among the members. We, organizers, are very happy to have the fruitful result that we had the knowledge and recognition necessary to any intelligent understanding of a geographical study as it ought to be, concerning the development on the coastal area of the Sea of Japan.
    We tender our thanks to those who have co-operated with us in the laborious undertaking.
  • 二神 弘, 杉村 暢二
    1975 年 48 巻 3 号 p. 196-216
    発行日: 1975/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    上述したごとく多くの地方都市においては,原型として古い戦前型都心や戦災復興型都心の部分的,外装的改変では,もはや量的質的に飛躍的に増大した都市住民の都心的欲求を充足することは困難になってきている.このような今日的状況のなかで地方都市は.それぞれ独自に都心再開発計画を構想し,或は立案し,或は既に都心再開発を実施しているなど,その現状は極めて多様である.筆者は地方都市における都心再開発は,先発グループとしての中央巨大都市群の都心再開発の先行の中から多くの教訓を学びつつ,都市住民の広汎な都心的欲求に十分に対応した,いわゆる市民都心の創造を強く提案したい.
  • 矢ケ崎 孝雄, 北林 吉弘
    1975 年 48 巻 3 号 p. 217-240
    発行日: 1975/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The organizers gave the following introduction. Mountain land is important because it occupies about 80% of the whole land in our country, but in which there are many remote places inconvenient in traffic and mostly developed only by religious faith, fire-burned field farming, charcoal burning, mining and so forth. Recently mountain villages generally tend to decline as the result of the high national economic growth while some of them are developing as places for sightseeing or recreation. We are going to study the transfigu-ration of mountain villages and find proper ways to improve villagers' life by promoting the use of their land.
    Seven speakers reported their researches. Mr. T. Miyaguchi studied the condition of Tani Village in a deep snowy district of Toyama Prefecture, where exceptionally a stable community life based on various kind of professions is found compared with most of other mountain villages which are suffering from decreasing population. He pointed out that the reasons for that are increasing farm products and establishing public institutions. Mr. G. YYamaguchi reported of the upper limit of highly elevated mountain villages over 1, 000 meters above sea level in Central Japan, dividing three occupation groups; 1) agriculture, forestry and mining, 2) transportation and 3) consumption (hot springs, religious facilities, sightseeing, etc). Recently the upper limit, which is different respectively, has generally descended to 1, 200 meters. Mr. K. Sakaguchi reported on the desolation of suburban villages in the north of Kyoto and, after his detailed studies of these areas since the Meiji era, pointed out there are two kinds of general factors for it; “pulling” factors in cities and “pushing” factors in mountain villages. The pushing factors are the decrease of charcoal production, enlargement of differences between classes, city-centered adminis-tration and problems of education. Mr. K. Miida picked up all mountain villages in Japan that have prevented outflow of population by encouraging traditional industries among many other villages in “depopulation” (a remarkable decrease in population which makes villages impossible to maintain community administration). These villages are distributed mostly in the northern part of Japan and metropolitan regions. Mr. K. Fukuda reported on the development and the preservation of environment in the mountain land around Man-no Pond in the Shikoku district, where the plan of a livestock farming park was given up in order to preserve the water quality and golf links were built up with strict restrictions. However, there incurred many difficulties in prevention of calamities as well as in the pre-servation of environment caused by growing turf in the reserve forest area. Mr. J. Yama-mura reported on the sightseeing and recreation of mountain villages in central highlands. There are two ways of development ; those mainly actuated by local capital and those by outside capital. The former are successful in a way but the latter are incurring the increase of public investment and environment problems while contributing to the improvement of the local economy. They should, he suggested, encourage agriculture and forestry and develop sightseeing and recreation that can make a good use of their nature, history and so on. Mr. T. Arisue dealt with the transfigurations of villages caused by construction of forest roads. He classified them into five types; those without any sudden change, those changing without construction of roads, those with remarkable change on account of it, those developing rapidly, blessed with trunk roads and sightseeing resources, and common desolate villages with little transfiguration.
    Some comments were made on these reports by Messrs. T. Ichikawa, K. Shimakata, Y. Kagose, Y. Fujita and G. Tomioka, being followed by the discussions on the three points:
  • 1975 年 48 巻 3 号 p. 241-258
    発行日: 1975/03/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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