地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
27 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 松本 豊寿
    1954 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 140-149
    発行日: 1954/04/25
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The cultural spherical consideration is a methodology of the cultural sphere applied to geography. In other words, its substantial speciality lies in grasping a cultural sphere as a regional whole.
    By the region in cultural spherical consideration is meant a chronological system which has been completed historically and leaves its mark on the surface of the earth.
    The cultural contents of a region studied may be determined be those of the cultural center. Accordingly, the principle of geographic division is to consider as a unit areas having a similar culture with differences of regional structure between the cultural center and the cultural outer zone. In short, it is the study of the particular from and structure of a cultural sphere zone and of a monistic geographical division having a cultural center.
    Because the cultural spherical consideration is based on this limited method, geographic division in the prehistoric geography utilizing this method should also be limited. Nevertheless, this method has its peculiar methodological content.
    On the other hand, prehistoric division ba ed upon regional study may grasp the same regions as plural geographical bodies. But this method, having no definite methodological grounds, should perhaps be reserved for future discussions. In that case, the method of geographic division by the cultural spherical consideration should be regarded as more than merely a suggestion.
  • 鏡味 完二
    1954 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 150-157
    発行日: 1954/04/25
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    It may be insufficient to study the derivation of place-names perfectly, especially to find its racial origin through the method of phonetic analysis or by the dray of calling the actual places. It is the most important to catch the features of its distribution finding some grouper about objective place-names in adition to the above mentioned several ways. The distribution feature, so the author says here, denotes the genetic structure concentering round the higher cultural region of one nation. The auther likes to call it briefly with the word of “Pattern” of place-names distribution. Finding out of this pattern we can see the order of its development and the linguistic traps-formations with the knowledge by what nation the place-names were given. This method of place-names study might comes to the important works for the “TOPONOM.c GEOGRAPHY” that will be settled definitely as a new section of science in the nearer future.
    The author studied by this way the Ainu place-names that they were said so undefinitely, and distinguished the Ainu place-names from the faulse Ainu ones.
    Fig. 1 The distribution of Ainu place-names, -nai, that means the river or swamp. We find the distribution center of these place-names in Iokkaido, so we can define them as the Ainu place-names. These are scattered also in the northern part of Honsyu and its discontinuous line lies near Sendai city. It seems to had deen the clipnatical northern limit line of rice culture and sericulture, therefore had been suspended the reclamation of the Yamato Dinasty.
    Fig. 2 This map denotes the distribution of the place-names in which have any phones of pa, pi, pu, pe or po. These phones are very characteristic faeture in Ainu. The discontinuous line of these place-names is found in the Tugaru Str.
    Fig. 3 The distribution of “Nita”, “Nuta” (each denotes marsh land). These plane-names were very uncertain whether Ainu or old-Japanese, but it is very clear to belong to Japanese from its pattern.
    Fig. 4 The place-names of Iburi, Eburi, and etc. These were also manifested by its pattern to be the Japanese place-names.
  • 製塩業との関係
    千葉 徳爾
    1954 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 158-166
    発行日: 1954/04/25
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. It is held that bare hills result from two primary causes: one is a natural cause rooted in geological and climatological conditions while the other is cultural in origin and related. to forest denudation. for purposes of salt and china manufacturing. Natural conditions should be considered as a constant for a period of a few hundred years, hence only cultural factors are considered here.
    2. China manufacturing prospered in the 18th century but after that time it declined and denudation of forests was largely halted. As a result, forests which had been cutover became relatively thick.
    3. Based on manuscripts dating back to the 18th century, it may be presumed that salt manufacturing started at that time. Since 1840 or 1850, coal has been used for fuel in salt manufacturing, however before that time, twigs provided the bulk of the fuel used. These were obtained from shoots growing in the neighboring private forests rather than from public ones. As the twigs cut in the district were not sufficient to meet the demand of salt manufacturers. along the Okayama coast, prior to 1790, they were brought down from the northern mountains and from the west by river craft and used in the manufacture of salt and in other local industries. Since that time, hilltops along the coast began to become bare.
    4. Most of these hills were originally covered by commonly-owned forests from which the people in the community gathered their fuel needs. Ho-wever, they were prohibited from gathering fuel for the production of salt, china, charcoal, fish fertilizer etc. without pern-fission. In the prohibition had been violated, disputes would have occurred and recorded bemuse the Okayama clan recorded a great many cases of such disputes over forest right. But, since no such case can be found concerning commonly-owned forests, it is believed that the regulations were followed.
    5. The above-mentioned points way be summarized as follow: Forests where fuel for manufacturing was gathered are not now denuded, but the commonlyowned forests from which domestic fuel needs were gathered are bare. It is concluded that bare hills may not have originated froin the supply of fuel needs to salt and other industries, but rather should be attributed to faulty control of the commonly-owned forest.
  • 高桑 糺
    1954 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 167-170
    発行日: 1954/04/25
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The subsurface water table generally shows direct response to rainfall. A high level of the water table elevated by the transpiration water of a rainbegins to drop almost immediately after the rain ceases. Types of lowering of the water table may be varied by such conditions as landforms, constitution of aquifers and other hydraulic and hydoiogic factors. These problems caused the author to study 32 wells on the Eastern Musashino upland drained by the Rivir Meguro after. a heavy rain which occured from the end of August to the beginning of September in 1949, and to observe the daily levels of the water table until the next rain began to fall.
    The aquifer of the ground water is either Kanto Loam Soil or underlying sand and gravel. The fluctuation curves of 25 wells, in the Kanto Loam Soil, show the relation between time and deph of the water surface as follows;
    h=h0-rt
    where, h means a given depth, h0 the first depth of the water surface, r the rate of lowering per day, and t the numbers of days from h0 to h. However the curves of the welles in the sand and gravel near rivers or scarps do not show this relation.
    Generally speaking, wells of small r value are sound on uplands having water tables of relatively small inclination, while those with large r value exist on the fringes of the upland or near rivers.
    Moreovers, the author assumes that the claynized loam soils near aquifers may decrease the descending velocity of the water surface at inclined water tables having small r values.
  • 1954 年 27 巻 4 号 p. 171-183
    発行日: 1954/04/25
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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