地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
29 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 群馬県鏑川流域を事例として
    上野 福男, 斎藤 叶吉, 福宿 光一
    1956 年 29 巻 12 号 p. 763-787
    発行日: 1956/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 長井 政太郎
    1956 年 29 巻 12 号 p. 788-798
    発行日: 1956/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The three great clans of the Soma, Uesugi and the Date in the north-eastern districts of Japan had a number of the samurai, who excepting the time when they were on duty, such as a keeper of the gate, the warehouse, etc., lived in their tenures of land in the country, employing their servants and families for the village of the land, often working for themselves in their own farms. Especially the House of Date, having many samurai subjects, and avoiding their concentration only in Sendai, the castle-town, ordered them to build their horses, their tenures and their rear vassals to live thereabouts. Just as daimyo were dispersed all over Japan, everywhere in the estate of the Date clan, there were many great and small castles of its subject, which were surrounded by the tenures of their rear vassals, who occupied in the neibourhood. Besides the settlements of the foot-samurai established for the purpose of supplying the Sendai castle with labour and the colonization of the fan, not a few settlements of foot-samurai were founded in the low damp ground along the Kitakami river for its reclamation.
    In the Uesugi clan, though its estate beaeme gradually narrow, its subjects did not decrease in number. So all of them could not sustain consumer's life in the castle town, and about households, namely, one third of the total number of its subjects, were ordered to take tip their quarters on the lands as yet undeveloped outside the castle town, mostly on the Matsukawa fan, and to live the life of a samurai and farmer.
    In the Son a clan there had been more than 300 native samurai living in the country since the Middle Age, remaining in the leading and most influential positions in the village. After wards those masterless samurai whose ancestors had done distinguished services to the clan were adopted as yeomen, and given some newly reclaimed lands as tenure. Still later, those who helpted to alleviate the financial difficulties of the clan by a donation were enfeoffed as yeomen.
    It was common to these three clans that, from the necessity of com-bining old, most influential families with them in order to administer their own clans, they received these men of influence as yeomen, and in case of war, they were called out in the military services. Further-more, in the Date clan, there were so-called “Shinakawari farmers”, who, usually living in the farm, were mobilized to go to the battle field on an emergency. In short, there were various kinds of countrysamurai that could not be clearly distinguished between a farmer and a samurai.
    Another example shows that, in the Katakura clan at Shiraishi, be-longed to the House of Date, the samurai of one settlement amounted to more than one half of all its settlers.
    If the process of the making of these country-samurai settlements where they had been living since the time when the samurai and the farmer were not yet distinguished, and their mode of living are made clear by the research, the actual state of things at the birth of the samurai communities in the middle age may consequently be brought to light.
  • 宮原 俊行
    1956 年 29 巻 12 号 p. 798-806
    発行日: 1956/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the narrow valley down the Meguro River, southwestern part of Tokyo, there are 280 factories (1955), 93% of which are electric machi-neries and chemical and fabricated metal goods. Their development and locational changes are as follows:
    1. The first wave was caused by three chemical factories established by the government in 1873 soon after the Meiji Restoration (1868), utilizing the transportation of the Meguro River. The second wave pushed into this district after the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95). They were of machinery, fabricated metal goods and food products which formed a part of the Shibaura industrial district.
    2. The third wave rushed during the World War I. They were electric machineries which located the surrounding districts of Osaki Station and the old road near it. In those days, as the districts covered all over with the damp paddy-fields, it could be bought up at cheap price.
    3. The fourth wave dashed after the great Kanto-Earthquake (1923). As the main road to Yokohama was constructed through the district, the water tranport of the Meguro River decreased in its value. Many small electric machineries and others developed rapidly along this new road, spreading far on the Ebara heights.
    4. After the World War II, many factories in the district declined, but small factories were established soon and occupied about half of all in number.
  • 柿本 典昭
    1956 年 29 巻 12 号 p. 807-816
    発行日: 1956/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The fishing in Saikaimura in the west coast of Noto Peninsula has been operated by the two coexisting classes of villagers, one depending on either the one-rod or the long-line fishing, while the other employ-ing the fixed-net fishing. The former belongs to the comparatively poor class and the latter to the wealthy and influential class. The latter has employed fishermen from other villages temporarily for the fishing season, which is different from that of the former class. This is the reason why they have been able to coexist up to 1954.
    It was in 1955 that the latter class started the ‘purse seine’ by electric light and succeeded in catching the same kind of fish abundantly at a time in the fishing ground of the former class. Since then hostility between these two classes has started. This is one of the examples of antagonism between a large scale management and a small scale private fishing which can feen seen in many fishing villages throughout Japan.
  • 1956 年 29 巻 12 号 p. 816-823,837_1
    発行日: 1956/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1956 年 29 巻 12 号 p. 823-837
    発行日: 1956/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1956 年 29 巻 12 号 p. 839
    発行日: 1956年
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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