In this article, the term migratory labourers is limited to mean the farmers who go away from their home villages or towns to other regions in Japan in order to work for a certain period, keeping their homes as the base of their living. The writer has calculated by city, town and vilage, (1) the percentageof migratory laboures to the total number of farmers (y) in the year A g 930_??_Aug. 1951 (Fig. 1), (2) the percentages of paddy fields (x₁), of full-time farmers (X²) and of small-sized farmers with acreage less than 5 tans (_??_1.2 acres) (X³), etc., and (3) the correlation coefficients between y and X₁, X², X³, etc.
1. The chief factor in the migration of labourers is the low I ercentage of full-time farmers. The subordinate factor is the low percentage of paddy fields The percentage of paddy fields has, however, far less influence on the migration of labourers than it does in Shikoku, and the percentage of small-sized farniess has little bearing on it. These show that the theory regarding the migration of labourers in Shikoku forwarded by M. Kishinoto in 1953 does not necessarily fit the case in Irate prefecture.
2. On the other hand, there is a long non-productive period in winter in Irate, due to the long-lasting snow cover which lessens the farmers' income, by land production and drives them into an unoccupied period. The environment like this differs from that of Sikoku. The length of the duration of unoccupied period has such a correlation with the migration. of labourers as. is indicated by r=0.32. This tells that the migration of labourers is more affected by the natural conditions than by the factors as mentioned above.
3. The areas with more than 10% of migratory labourers are as follows (Fig. 1):
(1) Coastal belt of Sanriku (Iwate). In this area, the chief factors in the migration of labourers are the low percentage of full-time farmers and. the high percentage of small-sized farmers.
(2) Kitakami highlands. The factors are the long-lasting snow cover, the abundance of resultant unoccupied labour and the low income by poor hand production.
(3) Kitakami valley. In the villages and towns in the Kitakami valley, the percntages of full-time farmers and paddy fields are both high, and that of small-sized farmers low. Yet the percentage of migratory farmers is high. This may be also ascribed to the long-lasting snow cover which produces an. abundant surplus of unoccupied labour.

抄録全体を表示

1. The population of Tokyo increases in an arithmetic series, while the traffic volume in a geometrical series. The discrepancy between them is getting more and more remarkable especially after the war (Fig. 1).
2. The areal unbalance of, traffic volume. between the city center and the circumference of the city, and the unbalance between the rush hours and rush-off hours are recognized.
3. Such unbalance of traffic volume is caused by the city center. After the war, the city center has made a rapid growth by its cubicalization and the modernization of its function (Table 1). It is a problem that. almost all passengers direct of the only terminal, the city center.
4. After the war new reenforced concrete buildings have been promptly constructed in Tokyo (Fig. 4), and 46% of the total number of the buildings and 63% of the total floor space are concentrated in the city center (Chiyo da-ku, Ghuu-ku, Minato-ku).
5. The business center in the city center is located in Marunouchi, the area between the Tokyo Station and the Palace. Table 2 shows the total floor space of all the buildings in Marunouchi, the total number of employees at work in Marunouchi (a) and that of visitors (b). The of (a) and (b) makes the total population in all the buildings, namely the actual day-pop-dlation of the area. Such population as this is to be the. potential traffic population which should be carefully considered for the establishment of a transportation plan.
6. Between the traffic volume in demand and the capacity of the transportation facilities a remarkable discrepancy can be seen (Fig. 6). Under the present circumstances, the cubicalization of transportation facilities is far more difficult than that of buildings. In order to get rid of this discrepancy, there will be no way but the restriction of excessive growth of the city center.
7. The control of the areal unbalance must be settled first for the purpose of taking off the unbalance of the traffic volume in the city. The dispersion of city center, the bringing up of satellite city centers is the key point for it. The writer has an opinion that the bringing up of satellite city centers should take precedence of the -establishment of satellite residence cities. The rationalization of city center is the essential for the, solution of the city problem.

抄録全体を表示

The annual increase of the population of Osaka city, the second biggest city in Japan, amounts to approximately 100, 000 persons for these seven years (Table 1). The writer has investigated the social increase of population of the city. The results are as follows.
1. The influx and the efflux population has been both decreasing since 1951.
2. As to the migration of population between the city and the other prelectures, the influx population outnumbers the efflux population except for the case of two prefectures, Tokyo and Kanagawa. The affected spheres of influx and efflux almost coincide with each otler (Fig. 1). The principal part of both spheres is made tip of the outlying prefectures and the eastern Shikoku. The isopleths showing the rate of population migrated between Osaka city and other prefectures form a set of concentric circles more or less extending towards the west with the city as their center (Fig. 2.). This contrasts with these spheres of Tokyo city which extend towards the eastern Japan.
3. The migration of population between the city and Osaka prefecture has been decreaseing in number (Table. 2). The number of influx is larger than that of effux, while the difference between them is getting smaller. The affected sphere of the migration of population is considered to form a circular area with the city as its center.
4. The population migrated within the city area is also becoming eiialler in number. If the influx and the efflux population into and from Osaka city is examined by ward, the areas of influx and efflux roughly coincide with each other, forming a circular area with the ward of Higashi-ku as its center (Fig. 4, 5, 6).
5. The seasonal fluctuation of the migration of population has In also revealed by utilizing the statistics by month. The migration attains to its maximum in spring and autumn, the minimum in summer and winter (Fig. 7). This seasonal fluctuation is different in type from the migration brought about by marriage and the migation took place in provincial towns.

抄録全体を表示