地理学評論
Online ISSN : 2185-1719
Print ISSN : 0016-7444
ISSN-L : 0016-7444
15 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 花井 重次
    1939 年 15 巻 12 号 p. 869-882
    発行日: 1939/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 上野 福男
    1939 年 15 巻 12 号 p. 883-908
    発行日: 1939/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Oonogawa-mura, in Bandokoro-hara, there used to be several “dezukuri” or distant farm lands, with cottages, which were inhabited only during the cultivating season. Most of the inhabitants of Oo-nogawa moved to this temporary settlement in summer to engage in agriculture and returned to their permanent, settlement in winter with their foodstuffs for the cold months. Since the middle of the Meizi era, Bandoko Village, the most important of these temporary summer settlements, has been made permanent possessing now 70 houses, all from Oonogawa. There are several other summer settlements and farms, called “dezukuri” in this Bandoko Village. The heights of these permanent and temporary settlements, their field acreage, chief crops, etc. are shown in the following table.
    Bandoko was made a permaneut settlement slowly. The first half of the Meizi era was, in a way, the preparatory period for this change.Since the middle of the era, one or two houses moved from Oonogawa to Bandoko every year. It will be observed that this migration to Bandoko is due to the attraction of the farms since the greater part of it belongs to Bandoko and Okuyama. Permanent settlement means more intensive cultivation is possible as judged from the variety of crops, abundant labour, and fertiizers.
    Bandoko Village, situated on a higher level, is harder for life on account of the severe cold and exposure to strong winds from Mt. Norikura, although from the time that the village was temporary each house has been protected to some extent by trees. Other reasons that have hindered them from settling there are the social solidarity and communal life developed in the permanent village. There is now a shrine at Bandoko, and the social relations between Oonogawa and Bandoko have gradually become less intimate. Besides, Bandoko has water facilities. At Oonogawa, the houses are densely clustered on the valley wall, while at Bandoko, they are scattered-a house on each farm.
    Bandoko Village has now about 100 temporary cottages on the higher fields at Okuyama, which can be reached from the village in from 0.5 to 1.5 hours. The soil of these fields is weathered waste, unlike the volcanic ash at Bandoko. Although most of these fields, except the lower part of Hirukubo are of inferior quality, owing to the milder temperature. Frost damage is less than at Bandoko. The air temperature, however, is generally low, and the growing period of crops is rather short, so that the variety of crops cultivated here is limited, the chief crops grown being only buck wheat, potatoes, corn, and a few other vegetables. But at Bandoko, 200-300 metres lower, barn-grass, millet, rice, mulberry, and other vegetables are cultivated, thus enabling intensive cultivation.
    While the difference in the air temperature between the high and low fields on a fine day is slight, the air temperature is often reduced considerably in the high fields at night and on cloudy days in the daytime, which hinders the growth of crop. For this reason, buck wheat, which is suited to a cool climate, grows in the shortert period and becomes the dominant crop. But in a year of very bad climatic conditions, this crop also fails.
    For these reasons, the higher fields at Okuyama are believed to form the upper limit of cultivation. No such highly elevated fields as these are found in any other neighbouring mountain region; it may be the highest field in Japan.
    The permanent settlement has risen upward to Bandoko, 1300 metre high, which, however, is not so high as Okuyama. It is believed that the higher the site, the greater the climatic factors, such as severe cold, heavy snow, avalanches, which are obstacles to make the settlement permanent. Next, the position of the summer temporary settlements at Okuyama makes trasportation difficult. It is also difficult to cultivate intensively, thus reducing the attractive power of the fields.
  • 吉村 信吉
    1939 年 15 巻 12 号 p. 909-927
    発行日: 1939/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. 新田前沼及び權左衞門沼は明治年間北上川の洪水に際し生じた落堀である。
    2. その深さは夫々11.5, 9.1mで落堀としては我國の2位, 3位を占めてゐる。小さい割合に深く窪んだ湖盆は著しい水温及び化學成層の發達を助けてゐる。
    3. 水は褐色に濁つてゐる。晩秋の循環期に際しては水酸化鐵の膠状體によつて著しく透明度を減ずる。
    4. 表面水温は夏には23°C以上に冬には0°Cになるが,湖底水温は夏8~9°C,冬5°C位である。秋季全循環期の終には化學成層の爲に水温が一時的に逆轉する。冬季氷殼下に於ては表層を除き4°C以上であるのは透明な氷層を通し湖水が輻射熱を吸收するからである。
    5. 水素イオシ濃度は中性又は微酸性で,融氷前に一時的にアルカリ性にたることがある。夏季中層には著しい逆轉層が發生する。
    6. 酸素は夏季停滯期には表層の外は著しく減少し無酸素層の厚さは夫々8.5, 6mある。秋季全循環期には鐵の酸化の爲表層水の酸素も相當に不飽和になる。氷殼下に於ては日本の全循環湖としては最初の無酸素層が發見された。
    7. 其他の化學成層も著レく,非生化學的のC1の成層は湧水の注入と思はれる。生化學成層としてはアンモニア,鐵等が著しい。生化學的成層の發達は非生化學生層と無關係である。かやうな複合化學成層により秋季循環期に於ける循環は不完全になる。
    8. 他の落堀と同じく兩者共稍腐植營養化した調和富螢養湖と考へられる。
  • 松井 勇
    1939 年 15 巻 12 号 p. 928-941
    発行日: 1939/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1939 年 15 巻 12 号 p. 942-944,955
    発行日: 1939/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 矢島 中
    1939 年 15 巻 12 号 p. 945-946
    発行日: 1939/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 田邊 健一
    1939 年 15 巻 12 号 p. 946-954
    発行日: 1939/12/01
    公開日: 2008/12/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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