巻号一覧
15 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1～15を表示しています
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第6報 氷酢中における繊維素による酢化触媒の収着木戸 猪一郎, 鈴木 公宏, 吉川 武1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 857-862
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーVarious cellulose samples were dipped in glacial acetic solutions of the acetylation catalysts, HClO4 and H2SO4, and their sorption rates were measured for different concentrations and temperatures by non-aqueous titration method.
The following results were obtained.
1) Their equilibrium sorpions followed the Freundlich's isotherm x=kcn, and k, n were determined for each catalyst and temperature.
2) Apparent sorption heats obtained from the Clapeyron's equation were 4.3 for ZnCl2, 8.5 for H2SO4, 13.6 kcal/mol for HClO4.
3) From these values, it was deduced that ZnCl2 combines with cellulose by the van der Waal's force, H2SO4 by the hydrogen bond, and HClO4 by the hydrogen bond including some chemical bond.
4) The HClO4-isotherms measured by the desorption method were lower than those by the concentration method, and their difference was ascribed to the presence of some chemisorption.
5) The amount of adsorbed H2SO4 was minimum for air-dried regenerated celluloses and maximum for the cellulose treated by H2O-AcOH. These facts are probably related to the defficuity of acetylation of air dried regenerated cellulose and the easy reactivity of its inclusion cellulose.
6) The inclusion treatment was almost ineffective on the H2SO4-sorption for natural cellulose but effective for mercerised natural cellulose, and mercerisation-inclusion treatment was effective merely on the sorption rate for natural cellulose.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (529K) -
第2報 計数管式リジリエンスメータ白樫 侃, 石川 欣造, 石橋 渡, 渋沢 達也1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 863-867
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAn apparatus, which integrates energy of load-deformation by dekatron (counting tube) system is described. The load, which is applied to a magnetostriction type strain gauge, can be transformed into voltage. The rectified output A. C. voltage is applied to the grid of the reactance tube. This reactance tube is a part of the oscillator. The input voltage changes to frequency in proportion to that voltage. The frequency is converted to pulse and is integrated by dekatron. Without confining to small deformation as for the dynamic oscillation measurements of various types of textiles, the hysteresis, resilience, and toughness of large deformation from repeated elongation can be measured by this resilience meter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (352K) -
第5報 水中におけるビスコースレーヨンの粘弾性におよぼす温度および伸長率の影響白樫 侃, 小口 登, 金子 博厚1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 868-872
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーWhile viscose rayon is stretched at various temperatures and extensions in water, the dynamic tensile Young's modulus and viscosity are measured by the free vibrtaional method (the period and the maximum amplitude are about 4_??_6 seconds and 1.5 per cent, respectively).
The effects of the temperature and stretching on such properties are obtained as follows:
1. The viscoelasticities of the sample, immersed in water at various temperatures, are linear at low extension, but non-linear at high extension. The non-linear viscoelasticity can be analysed by the differencial equation, which was applied in the previous paper. This phenomenon results from the breakage and reforming of hydrogen bond by the vibration.
2. At low extension, the dynamic viscocity decreases with the increasing temperature (25°C_??_40°C or 50°C) but does not change at the range of higher temperature (40 or 50°C_??_100°C). No change of the dynamic modulus is obtained for the above temperature ranges examined.
3. The dynamic modulus increases with stretching but has no dependence on temperature.
4. The dynamic viscosity increases with stretching and has remarkable dependences on temperature. From the above results it may be concluded, that the viscose rayon has a characteristic range of temperature (40°C_??_50°C) at low stretching in water, but this range of temperature disappears at high stretching.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (404K) -
第3報 繊維束の捩り抵抗モーメント大沢 源一郎, 松本 巖1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 873-877
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe twisting moment of nylon multifilament yarns is reported in the paper. The experiments were made under different loads and various filament number in yarns and the experimental results obtained were compared with the equation (6), which was obtained from the same model in Part 2, and the relation between twist-angle and twisting moment are shown.
Under the condition of heavy loads and many number of filaments, the experimental results coincide with equation (6). But under the condition of lighter loads than 0.1g/d, there is no agreement between the experimental and theoretical values. It seems that the agreement is not obtainable because the yarn axes do not hold straight line under such light loads.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (311K) -
第8報 綿スフ混紡糸の撚りと強力との関係上野 清一郎1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 878-886
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAmongst the factors influencing the strengtn of the spun yarns, the twist is the important factor to obtain the maximum strength. The blended yarns of cotton and rayon staple fibres have been used to measure the strength of yarns at various twists, to study the optimum twist, the maximum strength and the spinning efficiency at various percentages of the blends when twisted and untwisted. The results obtained are as follows.
1) The spinning efficiency of the blended yarns of cotton and rayon staple fibres is lower than that of cotton or rayon staple yarns, and 50%: 50% blended yarns showed the lowest spinning efficiency.
2) The spinning efficiency is the highest generally at the twist number; where the maximum strength is obtained, and the effect of twist is greater in the blends which are rich in staple fibres. Therefore, the range of the twist number, from the tolerable minimum strength to the maximum strength, differs for each blended sample. The optimum twist number of the blends can not be decided merely by their blend ratios, even by considering the twist constants of both cotton and rayon staple yarns.
3) When the yarns have higher percentage of staple fibres, The strength of the yarns, in which the direction of the twist is opposite, is not so low in comparison with that of the yarns at the original twist condition. Furthermore, comparing the twist number, at which the maximum strength is obtained, with the twist number at the time of breakage by twist, the former shows the value of about 65-75% of that of the latter in each blended yarn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (653K) -
第21報 抄繊糸の撚りの限界について(その1)山田 都一1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 887-891
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is to show in this study how far a yarn, made by twisting a cut-material with a heavy traveller after given 50% moisture soaked through the cut-material, can be twisted.
1) When tension of twist is big, the yarn is not doub twisted but when it is small, the yarn is twisted doubly. The more tension of twist is given, the more difficult it is to put the hard twisting, and the less tension, the bigger twist shrinkage.
2) Limit twist shrinkage yc is in proportion to thickness of a yarn when twist tension (T) and moisture regain are constant; yc=aT+b
3) Limit twist number Nc is in proportion to thinness of yarn when twist tension (T) and moisture regain are constant; Nc=AT+B
4) When the paper yarn begins to be doubly twisted there is a rectilineal relation among twist tension, twist shrinkage and twist number, when the paper yarn has been doubly twisted with the same relation among them.
5) The relation between twist tension and limit twist angle by cutting is; εB: Strain at breakage of fiber θ′: limit twist angle y: limit twist shrinkage (%) T: twist tension a, b: constant
6) The relation between twist tension and limit twist angle by double twisting; θ: limit twist angle t: twist tension (g/d) c, p: constant
7) When already twisted yarn is twisted to be cut, the more twisted raw yarn has a bigger total number of twisting and bigger shrinkage given to the yarn before cutting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (314K) -
第22報 抄繊糸の撚りの限界について(その2)山田 都一1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 891-896,887
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is to show in this study how far a yarn, made by twisting a cut-material with a heavy traveller after given 50% moisture soaked through the cut-material, can be twisted.
1) When tension of twist is big, the yarn is not doub twisted but when it is small, the yarn is twisted doubly. The more tension of twist is given, the more difficult it is to put the hard twisting, and the less tension, the bigger twist shrinkage.
2) Limit twist shrinkage yc is in proportion to thickness of a yarn when twist tension (T) and moisture regain are constant; yc=aT+b
3) Limit twist number Nc is in proportion to thinness of yarn when twist tension (T) and moisture regain are constant; Nc=AT+B
4) When the paper yarn begins to be doubly twisted there is a rectilineal relation among twist tension, twist shrinkage and twist number, when the paper yarn has been doubly twisted with the same relation among them.
5) The relation between twist tension and limit twist angle by cutting is; εB: Strain at breakage of fiber θ′: limit twist angle y: limit twist shrinkage (%) T: twist tension a, b: constant
6) The relation between twist tension and limit twist angle by double twisting; θ: limit twist angle t: twist tension (g/d) c, p: constant
7) When already twisted yarn is twisted to be cut, the more twisted raw yarn has a bigger total number of twisting and bigger shrinkage given to the yarn before cutting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (440K) -
第4報 ナイロンのアセチル化橋本 健1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 897-902
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, the author found that some reactions of amino-endgroup of nylon with monofunctional reagents such as aldehydes, acid anhydrides, vinyl monomers etc. had a good effect on light resistance of nylon. Since then, the relationship between the reactions and light resistance of nylon has been investigated. In this paper, acetylation of nylon, one of the above-mentioned reactions were investigated through the reaction rate and the properties of acetylated nylon.
Following results were obtained. When nylon taffeta is treated in acetic anhydride, acetylation takes place only at the amino-endgroup and not at the amide linkage. This is deduced from the facts that acetylation of nylon does not show remarkable increace in weight and change in N-content of nylon. Acetylation has an effect on the stress-strain curve, the absorption of acetate colors, water absorption and proton absorption of nylon. Rate of acetylation, i. e. rate of reaction between amino-endgroup and acetic anhydride, is proportional to the concentration of remaining amino-end-group before the concentration falls to half of its initial value.
It remains unknown why acetylation which takes place only at the amino-endgroup has a good effect on light resistance of nylon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
第5報 アルカリ処理橋本 健1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 902-905,897
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーLight resistance and alkali exhaustion of nylon treated with aqueous alkali solution were measured.
(1) Nylon taffeta, when treated in aqueous caustic soda solution, was improved in light resistance. The higher the temperature of the solution, the earlier the improvement was observed.
(2) LiOH, KOH as well as NaOH had good effects on the light resistance of nylon, but Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 had only poor effects.
(3) The treatment reduced the OH- concentration of the solution, that is, alkali was exhausted by nylon. As the OH- concentration of the solution and the time of the treatment increased, alkali exhaustion approached a saturation value, which was approximately equal to the carboxyl group content of nylon.
Alkali is probably exhausted to neutralize the carboxyl group of nylon, but it is still in doubt why neutralization of the carboxyl group can improve the light resistance of nylon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (351K) -
藤井 和之, 上条 力, 中津川 明子1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 906-910
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPhysical properties of fibers treate d with various surfactants torsional rigidity, compressional elasticity, frictional coefficient and softness etc., are studied experimentaly.
The results obtained on wool and nylon are as follows:-
(1) There are no relations among frictional coefficient, torsional rigidity and compressional elasticity with each other.
On wool, treated with various surface active agents, ahove mentioned properties are remarkably influenced.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (304K) -
飯島 俊郎, 関戸 実1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 911-916
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe adsorption by 6-nylon at neutral and alkaline region of acid azo dyes having α-naphthylamine →-β-naphthol as the skeletal structure has been measured.
The amount of equilibrium adsorption of these dyes at pH range higher than that of isoelectric point of 6-nylon is unexpectedly large, especially monosulphonic acid dye (naphthionic acid→β-na-phthol (Dye II) have considerable adsorption, 2.2×10-2m mole/g fibre, even at pH 10. (Table 1, Fig. 1)
On the other hand, the adsorption is lineary dependent on amino end-group content of the fibre, even at pH 10 (Table4, Fig. 3). Linear extrapolation in this relation (Fig. 3) gives the adsorption of dye at zero amino end-group content, 2.5×10-3m mole/g fibre, which is equal to the adsorption value of skeletal structure, α-naphthylamine→β-naphthol. (Table 2, Fig. 2)
One of the explanations of these facts is as follows; adsorption by nonpolar force contributes to the dyeing of these dyes, but the main part of the adsorption is attributed to the salt-linkage between dye anion and the basic site of the fibre. At higher pH than isoelectric point of 6-nylon, and even at alkaline region, e. g. pH 10, the formation of the salt-linkage takes place.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (420K) -
第6報 縮合組合せ染料について(その1)山田 仁穂, 四宮 知郎1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 917-922
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーTo obtain good fastness and deep shade dyeing for several kinds of fibers, the formation of pigment on fiber by a suitable combinations of active compounds having small molecular weight was tried. Vinylon yarn was dyed by combining and condensing several components which are Q1, N1, Hl and 8 aromatic amines or 5 phenols of Populartype. For example, a brown colour dyeing is obtained on 100 parts of vinylon fibers by treating at 90°C, both of 2.2 parts of resorcinol, and 2.2 parts of Ql in 2, 000 parts of water. Next, by treating then at 90°C 40 for min in 2, 000 parts of water cotaining 2.7 parts of H1 disolved in acetic acid, the fibers are dyed navy blue. Moreover, by treating them with N1 under same condition as with H1, a black-blue colour is obtained. This report is an cutlin of dyeing for vinylon by this new method. (Q1=p-Benzoquinone. N1=p-Nitrosodimethylaniline. H1=4, 4′-Bis. dimethylaminobenzhydrol.)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (451K) -
第7報 縮合組合せ染料について(その2)山田 仁穂, 四宮 知郎1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 922-925,917
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーOn the dyeing results in the former report, the reaction mechanisms were investigated in point of hue, fastness and some qualitative tests.
It is considered that all components do not react on fiber at every stage, but that in one the hue changed one after another. and in another the light fastness remarkably increased. The pigment formed in the condensation process does not dye, but the fiber can be dyed deeply and fast by this dyeing method.
These reaction mechsms are not yet known to us in detail, but it is thought that some reactions occure successively. Q1 and N1 are oxidizing and condensation agents, dedced from a comparative test with lead peroxide or the separation of chlorine ion from chloranil which was used instead of Ql.
The hue of dyed fiber was dependent upon the active group of the first component-Q1 series being brown, Hl and N1 series blue high croma. These three active components easily react with each other on the fiber, in spite of the low light fastness.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (353K) -
第8報 アミンとハロゲン化合物による縮合染色について(その2)山田 仁穂, 四宮 知郎, 高瀬 増夫1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 926-930,917
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーBy using 14 halogeno compounds and 15 amino compounds, the reactivity and the dyeing property for several kinds of fibers along with their chemical structures were studied.
The conclusions are as follows:
1) Condensation-dyeing of this system had smal hue variations.
2) Strong basic amines having conjugate system throughout the molecule was better than the others.
3) Halogeno compounds containing suitable soluble radicals were good for nylon, vinylon and wool, and also the one having the active halogeno radical at the side chain showed excellent results.
4) It was found that each kind of fibers is deeply dyed, but in general, cotton was more difficult to dye than the others.
5) Of halogeno compounds, the hydrolytic constant and the reactivity with benzidine in water are; 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid>Picryl chloride>2-chloro-3.5-dinito-benzoic acid>2.4-dinitrochloro benzene>2-chloro-4-nitro-benzene sulfonic acid>2-chloro-4-nitro benzoic acid>1-chloro-2-nitro-benzen-4-sulfone amide.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (498K) -
今村 力造, 水上 秀也1959 年 15 巻 11 号 p. 931-938
発行日: 1959/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1259K)
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