巻号一覧
29 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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日比 貞雄, 前田 松夫, 水野 正春, 野村 春治, 河合 弘迪1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. T137-T151
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanical anisotropies of uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol films were investigated experimentally and theoretically in relation to the orientation of crystallites and noncrystalline chain segments. The theoretical calculations of Young's modulus were carried out on the basis of both the homogeneous stress and the homogeneous strain hypotheses, using two types of structural model. One of them was made up by averaging the aggregation of structural units composed of the orthorhombic crystalline and the isotropic noncrystalline phases under consideration of their orientation distribution and their mechanical constants. On the other hand, the mechanical anisotropy was evaluated for the structural model which is constructed by combinning the averaged crystalline with the averaged noncrystalline phase.
The calculation on the basis of the homogeneous stress hypothesis using either structural model gives a considerablly good agreement with both the observed Young's modulus parallel and perpendicular to the stretching direction of the uniaxially stretched film. However, the calculation on the basis of the homogeneous strain hypothesis using the structural model gives results higher than the experimental ones in parallel to and lower than those perpendicular to the stretching direction, respectivelly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (944K) -
仲川 勤1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. P137-P143
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (459K) -
伊沢 武1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. P144-P148
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (381K) -
日比 貞雄, 前田 松夫, 水野 正春, 野村 春治, 河合 弘迪1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. T152-T158
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanical anisotropies (Young's Modulus) of orthogonal- biaxially stretched PVA films, such as simultaneous, strip and two-step, are investigated experimentally and theoretically, and discussed in terms of the orientation of crystallites being intrinsically anisotropic in mechanical properties.
The theoretical results were obtained by means of the calculation, on the basis of both the homogenous stress and the homogenous strain hypothesis, for averaging the aggregation of structural units composed of crystalline and noncrystalline phases.
The comparison between the experimental results and those calculated for each of three types of orthogonal-biaxially stretched films indicates the following:
1) The experimental data of Young's modulus for simultaneous-biaxially stretched films are located between those calculated theoretically in two extreme cases on the basis of the homogeneous stress and the homogeneous strain hypotheses. On the calculation, the preferential orientation of the plane-normal vectors around the crystalline chain axis was considered.
2) The calculated Young's modulus of strip-biaxially stretched films based on the homogeneous stress hypothesis are rather close to the observed.
3) The change of Young's modulus of two-step-biaxially stretched films accompanies with the draw ratio λ3 and λ2 along two principal stretching directions. The calculated Young's modulus based on the homogeneous stress hypothesis follows to the change of the observed Young's modulus with draw ratio λ3×λ2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (493K) -
川崎 健太郎, 押谷 英詞1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. P155-P158
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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斉藤 八郎1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. P159-P161
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (214K) -
川上 博, 三好 明, 村野 放1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. T159-T165
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーWet-spinning processes of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers are studied in relations to the phase equilibrium and the composition of multi-component systems consisting of polymer, solvent and nonsolvent. The relation between the path of composition change along the spinning line and the structure of undrawn fibers, is discussed.
Water and dimethylsulfoxide were used as solvent; and sodium sulphate, caustic soda, also their mixture and methanol as a precipitating agents. Boric acid is added to one of spinning solutions as gelation agent.
The ratio WS/WN (WS, is the weight of solvent transfered from fibers into spinning bath, and WN, that of the nonsolvent transfered from the bath into fibers) determines the path of composition change, and is independent of the concentration of precipitating agent in the bath.
Initial moduls and temperature of the _??_ a dispersion in plot of tanδ for undrawn fibers decrease with increased WS/WN. It is pointed out that WS/WN affects the concentration of cross-links and the drawability of undrawn fibers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (424K) -
川上 博, 三好 明1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. T166-T172
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーCrystallization was studied for wet-spun polyvinyl alchol (PVA) fibers prepared by various paths of composition change for which the ratio WS/WN, (WS, the weight of solvent transfered from fibers into spinning bath and WN, the nonsolvent transfered from the bath into fibers) is the determing factor. Crystallinity index proposed by Wakelin was determined for the fibers by uses of the freeze-dried iso-PVA and single crystal of synd-PVA as the standard samples. Crystallinity indexes of PVA fibers obtained by this method are related closely to their resistance to hot water. This technique is also effective in measuring crystallinity of fibers on heating and cooling. The crystallinity index is not equal to the crystallinity determind from the intensity of halo on meridian, since the intensity of halo on meridian depends on orientation of amorphous chains.
It can be concluded that crystallinity of wet-spun PVA fibers increases with decreased WS/WN on spinning processes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (895K) -
黒川 昌孝, 小西 孝, 滝 文男, 池田 哲夫1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. T173-T179
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe deformation were examind in PET filaments drawn at various conditions in which the drawing temperature, draw ratio and strain rate varied. When drawn filaments were bent repeatedly at room temperature or at elevated temperature, deformation bands appeared in the compressed side of the filaments.
Deformation bands appeared easily in the speciments of higher orientation and lower crystallinity at room temperature. As the crystallinity of the filaments increased by heat treatment, repeated bending for the appearance of deformation bands at room temperature increased. But when these filaments were bent at about 200_??_220°C, sharp bands appeared after a few repetation of bending.
The deformation bands formed at room temperature had little or no influence on the tensile properties of the filaments, but those formed at 200_??_220°C lowered significantly the breaking strength and the elogation of the filaments. In this case, cracks initiated at the deformation bands and propagated along these bands.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3599K) -
大工原 建, 小川 敬之1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. T180-T185
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe energy method, used for the derivation of the tensile properties of continuous filament yarns by L. R. G. Treloar and G. Riding and by J. W. S. Hearle, is applied to the compound filament consisted of cocoon fiber and TETORON (PET filament).
The tensile stress as a function of strain is expressed by the following equation:
Where fy (εy): stress of the twisted compound filament at a strain of εy
ms: total denier of cocoons
mc: denier of core filament
M=ms+mc
Fs: stress of cocoon fiber that is a function of the strain εs and determind experimentally from its s-s curve.
Fc: stress of core filament which is a function of the strain εc and determined experimentally from the s-s curve.
K=∂εs/∂εy
ε_??_=(β-γ)/(1-β)
β: the twist-shrinkage of the compound filament
γ: the twist-shrinkage of TETORON
The s-s curves of cocoon fiber and TETORON and the twist-shrinkages of TETORON and the compound filament are introduced into this equation. The satisfactory agreement is found between the results calculated and observed. From this result, it may be said that the tensile behavior of the twisted compound filament is accounted satisfactorily by the above equation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (370K) -
池田 徹雄, 濱中 箕喜子, 辻 和一郎, 池田 洋子1973 年 29 巻 4 号 p. T186-T189
発行日: 1973/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーLight resistance of polypropylene (PP) and nylon 6 fabrics, grafted with acrylic acid and then treated with aqueous solutions of some metallic salts or tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxid (APO), was studied by evaluating the retention of warp tensile strength of the fabrics after exposure to xenon arc lamp or sunlight.
Larger loss in strength of original untreated PP fabric after exposure as a result of the extraction with benzen may be explained by the removal of included stabilizer by the extraction.
Grafting of acrylic acid onto PP fabric and further treatment with aqueous solution of metallic salts cause unfavorable effect on light resistance due to the presence of carbonyl groups in the grafted side chains.
The most effective method to improve the light resistance of acrylic acid grafted PP fabrics is the after-treatment with APO. The higher the percent grafting or/and concentration of APO treating solution the better resistance is attained.
On nylon 6 fabric, nearly similar results to the case of PP fabric are obtained by grafting and treating with metallic salts, but the effect of APO is not crear with acrylic acid grafted nylon 6 fabrics as the add-on of APO is not so high as the case of acrylic acid grafted PP fabrics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (263K)
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