繊維学会誌

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The purpose of this work is to investigate the decoloration and bleaching of various kinds of dyes in aqueous solutions and on fabrics with one of the oxidoreductases, laccase. The twenty-two water-soluble dyes of azo, anthraquinone, acridine, triphenylmethane, and indigo types were employed. In addition bleaching effect of denim cotton fabrics dyed with indigo was also examined. The two laccase preparations from Trametes villosa and Trametes sp. were utilized. The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions on the dyes was measured spectrophotometrically. The Michaelis-Menten constant and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme were evaluated by using the Michaelis-Menten equation. A redox mediator in combination with the laccases was tried to enhance the enzyme activity. The orders of catalytic efficiency were 10₂～10₅ and the difference among the dyes examined showed to be ca. 600 times. One of the enzymes employed was found to exhibit rapid degradation rate for anthraquinone dyes specifically. Comparing with the values of Michaelis-Menten constant of the dyes, the indigo type dye revealed the lower value, indicating higher affinity toward the enzyme. The treatment of indigo dyed fabrics with the laccase was found to bleach strongly the surface of fabrics by the addition of mediator.

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Hybrid materials based on apatite-coated polymers have attracted much attention because they are capable of bringing in the characteristic features of bioactivity and biocompatibility natures. This study aims to fabricate novel organic/inorganic hybrids consisting of PET, apatite and TiO₂, where TiO₂ play a key role as a base component for the formation of self-assembled monolayer on them and the subsequent surface graft polymerization. To this end, we design a new phosphonic acid derivative(1)bearing an initiator site for atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP). A PET substrate coated with TiO₂ was modified by the self-assembled monolayers of phosphonic acid derivatives mentioned above, and the subsequent graft polymerization of a Si(OCH₃)₃ functions-appended methacrylate by the surface-initiated ATRP. And then, the surface modified TiO₂ / PET substrate was coated with a calcium silicate gel, finally soaked in simulated body fluid(SBF)with ion concentrations nearly equal to human blood plasma to form the target apatite / TiO₂ / PET hybrid.

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To decline environmental load from waste water by dyeing, we examined dyeing fabric with clay pigments.The clay pigments made in France and used as building materials, and cotton fabrics are used in this examination. We selected No.4 Indian Yellow pigment, mainly constituted by ferric oxide for dyeing material. Dyeing temperature and time, amount of pigments, frequency of dyeing process, aging and soaping condition were varied and examined its effect. We measured the Lab color space(CIE L^*a^*b^*)values and compute K/S values of dyed fabrics. Composition of pigments and dyed fabrics were analyzed by using XRF. Shape of pigments was observed and particle size distribution was analyzed by using SEM, zeta-sizer. Finally, we examined color fastness to washing and rubbing as the consumption performance of dyed fabrics. Satisfactory color was gained follow process, repeating two cycle;dye,dry(24±4hours), rinse(seven times with 50ml extrapure water), at 50 for 60minutes, with 0.5g pigments per 50ml water. And perform aging(24±4hours), soaping. Consumption performance was satisfaction in washing.

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