繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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57 巻, 10 号
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  • An Universal Stoichiometric Relationship between Weight Loss and Glucose Formation in the Enzymatic Treatment of Cellulosic Fibers with Cellulase from Flamentous Fungi
    Shigeyuki Nakano, Ryuji Hirase, Kazuhiko Komurasaki, Ahmed EL-Salmawy, ...
    原稿種別: scientific monograph
    専門分野: Infomation Science
    2001 年 57 巻 10 号 p. 279-284
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2002/06/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.279
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Enzymatic hydrolysis of some natural and regenerated cellulosic fibers was studied by use of a cellulase originated from Filamentous fungi. For the hydrolysis of each of cotton, hemp, rayon, and Tencel®, a good linear plot was attained between the total weight decrease and the amount of the produced glucose. These linear plots obtained for the four cellulosic fibers were found to be on a common master line, regardless of their different hydrolyzability and morphology in conjunction with the enzyme accessibility to the fiber surface. This universal linearity may be explained by the competitive reactions between exoglucanase, endoglucanase, and b-glucoxidase involved in the cellulase. A more technologically important linear relationship was also observed at the reaction conditions where the enzymatic activity was lowered or other contaminants as surfactants were present. These experimental data can be applied for monitoring the real weight decrease during the enzymatic treatment of the cellulosic fibers.
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  • 繊維素材がカジュアルソックスの履き心地に及ぼす影響
    西松 豊典, 花之内 智彦, 松本 陽一, 鳥羽 栄治, 松岡 敏生, 近藤 幹也, 石澤 広明
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2001 年 57 巻 10 号 p. 285-290
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2002/06/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.285
    ジャーナル フリー
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    It is investigated how the fiber material of socks influences the wearing comfort of casual socks. The wearing comfort of socks, whose fiber materials were changed, and yarn count, size and weave of socks were the same, was evaluated by the tactual sensation of consumers using the paired comparison and the SD methods. As the result of the sensory test, the fiber material of socks influenced the wearing comfort. The adjectives used for the sensory evaluation of wearing comfort were examined by the factor analysis. From the result of the factor analysis, the wearing comfort of socks by the tactual sensation was evaluated by two common factors “good feel” and “warm”. The subjects evaluated the adjectives “warm”, “heavy”, “easy to wear”, “thick”, “stretch” and “expand” when putting on the socks and “soft” while putting on them for ten minutes from the transmitted information quantity calculated by the information theory.
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  • 炭酸塩共沈処理法を用いるセルロース繊維中のカルシウム含量の簡便定量および評価
    杉本 太, 礒野 禎三, 小紫 和彦
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2001 年 57 巻 10 号 p. 291-297
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2002/06/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.291
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The carbonate coprecipitation processing method was studied for simplified determination of content of calcium in cellulose fibers of cotton, ramie and rayon. All sample of cellulose fiber(about two grams) were dissolved with 200ml of 70% sulfuric acid, and 5∼25ml aliquots from the sample solution were diluted to 500ml with distilled water, following by adding dropwise of sodium hydroxide solution until the solution became neutralization by pH meter. Ten milliliters of 2gSr/l strontium chloride and 10ml of 20w/v% potassium carbonate were added to the sample solution containing calcium. Calcium ion was quantitatively coprecipitated with strontium carbonate. The precipitate was collected onto a membrane filter paper(0.45μm) and then dissolved with 2 ml of (1+12)HNO3. The solution was made up to 100ml with distilled water and subjected to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The detection limit for calcium was 1.2μg, and the lower limit of determination was 4.0μg. This method was influenced neither neutralization of sulfuric acid nor coexistence materials(pectin, protein, Ash, etc.) in a fiber, and was satisfactorily applied to determine calcium ion in cloth or yarn such as cotton, ramie and rayon. The removal rate to raw yarn of calcium ion was about 25% in scouring and bleaching yarn, and was about 70% in acid treatment yarn.
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  • コカナダモの炭化挙動と炭化物の利用
    河原 豊, 西川 午郎, 金井 宏彰, 瀧川 久幸
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2001 年 57 巻 10 号 p. 298-300
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2002/06/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.298
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The carbonization behavior for the water plants, Elodea nuttallii, was investigated using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, FTIR, coupled to a diamond attenuated total internal reflectance accessory, ATR, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, WAXD, measurements. FTIR-ATR spectra for the carbonized materials suggested that the formation of benzene rings was promoted with elevating the carbonization temperature. However, the carbonized materials showed keen WAXD peaks from inorganic compounds instead of the carbon such as 002, 10 diffractions etc. Similar carbonization treatment was performed on the refined cellulose from the water plants. It showed distinct WAXD peaks of carbon. It seems that certain inorganic compounds in the water plants suppressed the polycondensation of benzene rings. The carbonized materials from the water plants showed a poor adsorption capacity to methylene blue, but had an excellent property for the cultivation of vegetables.
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