巻号一覧
18 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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第13報 ポリビニルアルコール精製時の残存硫酸の影響渦巻 光孝1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 391-397
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPolyvinyl alcohol used in dry spinning is washed by water and purified. The purpose of washing is the removal of the impurities in P. V. A. powder but the effect of washing by dilute acid solution, on the protection of colouring of the heat-treated fiber is remarkable, according to the Suyama' s papers.
Then, the relation between the acid (sulfuric acid) parts added on the P. V. A. spinning solution and heat stability of obtained fiber was investigated upon the conditions of heat-treatment process. (I) and of end use requirement (II).
It was understood that the optimum acid parts upon the condition (I) differed from that upon the condition (II), condition (I); 0.025% (on the weight of P. V. A. ), condition (II); 0.005% (on the weight of P. V. A, )
The exposure to air at 165°C for 10 hrs, in case of the high content of acid, caused the increase of carbonylgroups in P. V. A. and the insolubilization of heat-treated fiber. Neverthless, in case of the low content of acid, these results could not be obtained. Futhermore, the exposure to inactive gas (N2 gas) at 165°C, for 10 hrs does not cause the increase of carbonyl groups in P. V. A. and the insolubilization of heat-treated fiber, in both cases of the high content of-acid and the low.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (473K) -
第14報 乾式紡系における紡系ドラフトの影響渦巻 光孝, 下田 栄次1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 397-400,391
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of the draft during the dry spinning of polyvinyl alcohol was investigated. The relation between the tenacity or the elongation of drawn fiber and the draw ratio was constant without being affected by the amount of draft. However, the stretchability of the spun fiber was remarkably reduced with the increase of the draft. Accordingly, in order to develop the higher tenacity, it is desirable to operate the lower draft and then to stretch the higher draw ratio.
Futhermore, the stretchability of the spun fiber was affected by the spinning condition; the severer the drying condition is, the less the stretchability of the drafted fiber. It might be considered that the above mentioned results were due to the thin skin formation and this thin skin is formed by solvent evaporation in immediate vicinity of the spinneret, although the skin formation can not be demonstrated optically. According to the electroscopical observation, the fact that the surface structure of high drafted fiber is very ragged differed clearly from the fact that the surface structure of low drafted fiber is smooth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1250K) -
第15報 乾式紡系における原液濃度の影響渦巻 光孝, 下田 光孝1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 400-404,392
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーGenerally, the conventional concentration of dry spinning solution is about 30% polymer, so the effects of the higher concentration of polymer solution than 30% was investigated.
By preparation of the high concentration of polymer solution, the spinning speed which governed the productivity was increased but the maximum spinning draft which represented the spinnability was decreased. These results are explained by the formation of the solidified surface which occurs by the rapid solvent evaporation in the immediate vicinity of the spinneret. Indeed, the structural difference between the skin and the core in the cross section could be observed optically.
The rate of shrinkage of fiber in spinning cell is affected by both the concentration of spinning solution and the drying condition. In consideration of the rate of shrinkage of fiber in spinning cell, the rate of extension which was the ratio of the spinning speed to the minimum spinning speed (the fiber travels down the spinning cell by gravity alone) was calculated. It was recognized that the stretchability depends upon this calculated rate of extention, although the stretchability is almost indepent of the spinning draft. Also, according to the observation of the cross section of the non extended fiber, the above mentioned structural difference is the cross section could not be observed.
The tenacity or the elongation of fiber is not affected by the concentration of spinning solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1246K) -
(III) 塩化亜鉛触媒による形成反応寺崎 巌1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 405-410
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーOn the preparation of cellulose propionate in the liquid phase reaction using ZnCl2 (catalyst), effects of the diluents, concentration of catalyst and reaction temperature were investigated in comparison with the case of H2SO4 (catalyst) (the previous reports).
(I) In the reaction using CH2Cl2 as diluent, more rapid rate of esterification was observed than with C2H5COOH diluent, similarly in the case of H2SO4-catalyst, and triester which has high DP was obtained.
(2) From the consideration of acetone solubility and DP change of the product, it was supposed as in the case of H2SO4-catalyst that the product having a certain degree of esterification attained by several reaction conditions have the some internal structures and also there exists correlation between the rate of esterification and that of chain degradation.
(3) In the case of using ZnCl2 as a catalyst, triester having higher DP was obtained than in H2SO4 as catalyst. And, from the experiments on the actone solubilyty of products, it was found that the mechanism of esterification is very difierent from the reaction using H2SO4 as catalyst, and the reaction of esterification proceeds macro-homogeneously.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (402K) -
(IV) 混合触媒による形成反応とトリエステルのアセトン希薄溶液粘度寺崎 巌, 横山 博1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 410-414,405
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーCellulose tripropionate having higher DP than that with H2SO4 as single catalyst was obtained by the reaction using mixed catalyst of ZnCl2 with H2SO4, but the reaction rates decrease by mixing ZnCl2. From the consideration of acetone solubility, it is estimated that the reaction proceeds according to the intermediate type between mechanism with H2SO4 and that with ZnCl2 as single catalyst.
Using HClO4 in a component of the mixed catalyst as a more proton active reagent than H2SO4, triester having high DP was obtained by using less quantity of ZnCl2 and HClO4. Viscosity in dilute acetone solution of triester could be expressed by Huggins' viscosity law, and Huggins' constant K' and Km, constant in Staudinger's viscosity law were determined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (376K) -
角 祐一郎, 沢口 幸男1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 415-420
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper (Japanese Tappi, 14, 745, 15, 122), the effects of temperature and concentration of the alkaline solution used in the hot alkaline refining process were discussed. In the present paper, an attempt is made to study the effect of hot alkaline refining on the morphological and fine structure of pulp fibers, and the following resulte are obtained:
(1) The outer-layer of the cell wall of pulp fibers was not ruptured by the hot alkaline solution under conditions which ordinarily exist during the conventional refining.
(2) Comparison of data for unbeaten and fibrillated pulp indicated that penetration of alkaline solution into the cell wall was not a controlling factor in the rate of refining.
(3) Hot alkaline refinning did not affect the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose, as measured by X-ray diffraction.
(4) A small increase in the receptivity of pulp fibers to dye was observed during the alkaline refining. Moisture contents above 3% had no effect on the dye absorption. Below 3%, the dye absorption was markedly reduced.
(5) The size of the cellulose micelles, measured by water vapor absorption and limiting D. P., was reduced by hot alkaline treatment. The decrease in both D. P. and absorption were noted and this suggests that the change in both the length and lateral dimensions of the crystallites occured.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1841K) -
第9報 空気吹込による針葉樹亜硫酸パルプの脱樹脂山田 博, 丹下 武彦, 木村 和三郎1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 421-426
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFlotation was carried out between mild alkali extraction and second chlorination stage in a conventional six-stage refining process of softwood sulfite pulp, and the deresination effects of surfactants or metal compounds or combinations of both additives added during flotation was evaluated. Excellent deresination effect was obtained by adding water-soluble lead salts to the flotation bath in neutral medium; resin content of refined pulp and resin removal in percentage were 0.16 to 0.14% and 95.5 to 96.1% when added in amounts of 0.1 to 0.2% (dry pulp basis) of lead nitrate. Manganese sulfate also showed about the same degree of effect as lead nitrate. The combined addition of water-soluble lead salt and surfactant showed higher effectiveness than the addition of lead salt alone. Improved deresination effect was obtained similarly, when lead oxide was added in alkaline medium.
The ash content of refined pulp treated with water-soluble lead salt during flotation did not increase as compared to that from standard run. Lead was detected in ash from the pulp treated with 0.5% of lead nitrate, but the combined addition of nonionic surfactant lowered the residual lead content below a half.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K) -
第10報 界面活性剤添加亜硫酸蒸解山田 博, 曽田 馨, 加藤 陽一, 山鹿 正昌, 木村 和三郎1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 426-431,421
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーDeresination and delignification effects of surfactants were evaluated during Ca-base sulfite cooking of softwood chip. Here, the cooking time was made constant. Both effects were obtained by the addition of anionics and increased with increasing amounts of anionics added. A mixture of alkylaryl sulfonate with sulfuric ester showed an improved effectiveness. Nonionics also proved to be effective for both deresination and delignification. It was observed, however, that some nonionics derived from phenol decreased both effects under the addition in higher amounts. Addition of solvent such as trichloroethylene or turpentine oil to sulfite liquor improved the deresination effect, but the delignification was interfered in the presence of high amounts of solvent.
Effects of surfactants described above were obtained for chip stored for relatively short period after chipping, and as the storage was lengthened, the effects of surfactants dropped because of the seasoning effect on chip itself. It was also found that the advantage as reflected in the unbleached pulp did not carry through to the same degree in the refined pulp. In other words, of the resins found in the unbleached stocks, a lesser percentage was removed by refining in the case of pulps cooked with sulfite liquors containing surfactants. But the addition of surfactants during cooking is still significant for pitch trouble control in pulp processing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (685K) -
第11報 ハイドロトロピック助剤またはハイドロトロピック助剤配合活性剤添加亜硫酸蒸解山田 博, 柴田 利和, 吉村 充弘, 木村 和三郎1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 431-435,422
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーEffects of additives on the deresination and the pulp yield were evaluated on the same pulping degree level during sulfite cooking of softwood chip. The additives included hydrotropic agents and mixtures of surfactant with hydrotropic agent.
By the addition of sodium xylene sulfonate (I) in an amount of 0.25%, based on dry wood, the reduction in resin content and the yield of unbleached pulp were greater by amounts of 18% and 2.3%, respectively, in comparison with the results from a control cooking. About the same effects could be obtained with sodium tetralin sulfonate or sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate, but the deresination effect decreased in such cases under the addition of higher amounts.
When mixtures of (I) with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (II) or mixtures of (I) with polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (n=7) (III) were added, the yield of unbleached pulp increased, but no deresination effect was observed. A ternary surfactant mixture comprising (I), (II) and (III) in the mixing ratio of 1:1:2 showed excellent results when added in amounts of 0.05 to 0.25%, as indicated in the reduction in resin content of 14.7 to 21.5% and in the increase in yield of 0.7 to 2.0%, in comparison with those from a control cooking.
There was no correlation between the resin content of refined pulp obtained by the treatment in six stages and that of unbleached pulp, and there seemed to be a slight trend towards increasement in resin content in the case of refined pulp from unbleached stock cooked with additives. But the resin contents of refined pulp were well below the maximum allowable for dissolving pulp in nearly all cases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (443K) -
第1報 フェノール,ナフトール誘導体をカップリング成分とするアゾ染料による染色寺村 一広, 広瀬 三郎, 田中 隆吉1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 436-439
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFor dyeing of polypropylene fibers, unique dyes which have the rich affinity especialy for polypropylene fibers are requierd.
i. Among the azo dyes which have phenol derivatives coupling components, more fatty hydrophobic dyes are suitable for dyeing of polypropylene fibers as followes.
Polypropylene fibers dyed by means of high temperature dyeing and carrier dyeing produce favorable yellow dyed materials which have good dyeing properties.
ii. Polypropylene fibers can be dyed with the azo dyes which have β-naphthol aod β-oxynaphthoic acid derivatives as coupling components, but the dyeing properties of this dyeing are poor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (212K) -
第6報 羊毛繊維のセット機構に関する一考察別宮 不二雄1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 440-445
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMechanism of setting of the stretched wool fibers, in hot water or thioglycolic acid solutions at low strain, is discussed in terms of the correlation between stress relaxation during the treatments and set obtained. On the assumption that the recovery from deformation of treated fiber after released in cold water is proportional to retained stress Fi′ after setting, and, is inversely proportional to relinking fraction of broken side chains αi-relinking may be mainly formed in aftertreatment with cold water or hydrogen peroxide; set obtained Si may be expressed by the following equations; where Fi1 is initial stress of stretched fiber in cold water, and m1, m and m′ number of cross-links in fiber immersed in cold water, in hot water or in thioglycolic acid, and in aftertreatment, respectively. In general, calculated values of Si from αi Fi′/Fi1, and above equations, agree with obseved ones. Under the assumption that the wool fiber behaves in water as a rubber-like elastomer, αi can be approximated as (E′T-ET1)/(E1T-ET1); where E1, E′ and E represent elastic moduli of stretched fiber, in cold water at temperature T1 before or after setting, and in hot water or in thioglycolic acid at temperature T, respectively.
F′i/Fi1 and αi, the factors by which set Si are decided depend mainly on ruptures and relinkings of secondary bonds in the case of setting with hot water, and on ruptures of disulphide bonds and relinkings of secondary bonds with thioglycolic acid. In the former, ruptures of one part of disulphide bond are concerned, whed alkaline baths above 70°C are used. In the setting under which the rupture of S-S bond is accelerated, notable relaxation of stress which is effective to the set, is observed, but on the contrary, a considerable decrease in αi during the setting has a negative effect to the set.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (479K) -
近藤 一夫1962 年 18 巻 5 号 p. 446-456
発行日: 1962/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1717K)
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