巻号一覧
43 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1～15を表示しています
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第IV報 ポリペプチドおよびポリアミド系繊維の等温収着曲線宮川 真利子, 木幡 和徳, 高岡 昭, 河合 弘廸1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 57-77
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリー被服材料と水分子の相互作用を解明するために,天然ポリペプチド繊維(羊毛,絹)と合成ポリアミド繊維(ナイロン4, 4-6, 6, 6-6, 6-10, 6-12, 11, 12,ケブラー29, HM-50)を用いて,等温収着曲線を求め, B. E. T.の多分子層吸着モデルのパラメーターおよび水分収着過程の熱力学的パラメーターを求め,解析を行った。さらに広幅プロトンNMRスペクトルを求めて解析を行い,次のような結論をえた。
1)等温収着曲線の温度依存性から,一定温度30°Cにおける相対湿度の関数として,羊毛とナイロン6繊維について,吸湿の微分収着熱と過剰エネルギー(エントロピー項)を求めた結果,その値は相対湿度の低い状態で最も大きく,換言すれば収着された水は乾燥状態において極めて高い規則性をもって吸着されており,水分収着に対してB. E. T.の多分子層吸着モデルの適用の妥当性が確認できた。
(2)ポリペプチドおよびポリアミド繊維の等温収着曲線をB. E. T.の有限多分子層収着理論によって解析した結果,実験曲線に最も近接する層数nmaxの値はほとんどの実験試料について6であることが見い出された。羊毛と芳香族系ポリアミドであるケプラー29を除いて,非晶化度で規準化された単分子層吸着水(Langmuir吸着)のモル濃度[Vm/(1-Xx)]は,絹および一連の脂肪属系ナイロンに対して,主鎖の[CONH]基のモル濃度の増加とともに,最初,徐々に,ついで急激に増加する曲線で与えられることが明らかになった。
(3)広幅プロトンNMRスペクトルの狭線幅成分ΔHnは特定水分率で転移を示す。この転移は,収着されている水の性質が,層数1>n≥nmaxまでのかなり強く結合された水からn>nmaxの弱く結合されている水(一般に自由水と呼ばれている程度でないにしても)への転移に対感している。この結果は, (1)の熱力学的解析と全く矛盾しない。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2133K) -
田代 孝二, 小林 雅通1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 78-91
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリー数種の剛直高分子について,分子鎖軸方向のヤング率極限値を格子力学法に基き計算した。ポリ-p-フェーレンベンゾビスチアゾール(PBT): 371.0GPa(試料のバルクヤング率約250GPa),ポリ-p-フェニレン: 275.1GPa,ポリ-p-ベンゾビスチアゾール: 588.3GPa,ポリ-p-フェニレンピロメリトイミド: 505.3GPa(試料のバルクヤング率約130GPa)。これら高分子におけるヤング率の違いの原因を,分子鎖に引張りひずみを与えた時に生じる原子変位とひずみエネルギー分布に基いて議論した。ヤング率の計算で使用した分子内力場の妥当性をチェックするために, PBTの赤外,ラマンスペクトルの帰属を基準振動計算によって行った。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1648K) -
奈倉 正宣, 石川 博, 塚田 益裕1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 92-96
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe state of water in the liquid silk from Bombyx mori was investigated as a function of moisture regain with drying. In the case of the drying by the heat treatment, the nuclei of silk I type crystal were formed at moisture regain of 65 wt% by the drying at room temperature, while by drying at 50°C, those of silk II type crystal were formed at lower moisture regain (55 wt%) than those of silk I. In these cases, the bound state of water was weakened suddenly, and then the crystal grew.
The liquid silk was also immersed into the aqueous solution of acetic acid and then dried. The relationship between the bound state of water and the formation of crystal was similar to the case of the formation of silk II type crystal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
長谷川 澄子, 中野 詔彦, 山本 健1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 97-104
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPhotodegradation behaviors of some glassy polymers as polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), styrene-methyl vinylketone copolymer [P(St-MVK)] and methyl methacrylate-methyl vinylketone copolymer [P(MMA-MVK)] have been investigated in terms of some mechanical properties as tensile strength, elongation, flexure strength and flexure strain. The results obtained are as follows.
1) PS and P (St-MVK) have the same photodegradation tendency. However, the photodegradation of P (St-MVK) is so remarkable as to attain its limitation in about 15 days, while that of PS in about 2 years. The degradation was found to be the decrease of molecular weight by photo reaction because the polymer viscosity lowers in proportion to lowering of mechanical properties.
2) Mercury lamp irradiation is an effective method for the accelerative photodegradation test.
3) Mechanical properties of PMMA and P (MMA-MVK) do not deteriorate in proportion to lowering of molecular weight.
4) Blending of PS homopolymer and MVK copolymer can endow the photodegradabilities and change the photodegradation rate.
5) Photodegradation of MVK copolymer can be adjusted by the addition of the absorbent of ultraviolet rays.
6) The temperature has a great influence on the photodegradation. The activation energy of the degradation for P (St-MVK) is as low as for rubber.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (555K) -
趙 耀明, 庄 慧卿, 王 京強, 木村 良晴1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 105-109
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPoly(ethylene terephthalare) (PET) fibers blended with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DSAS) were prepared by melt spinning at 280°C in order to make an antistatic modification of polyester fiber. The blend fibers as-spun were drawn by five times at 80°C and heat-treated at 140°C. Three PEO samples with molecular weight (Mn) of 4, 000, 10, 000, and 20, 000 were used. At a constant blend ratios of DSAS to PEO, both spinnability and drawability of the blend fibers were improved by increasing molecular weight of PEO. The fiber blended with 1.5wt% of PEO (Mn=20, 000) and 1.0wt% of DSAS had the optimum quality that was comparable to the control PET fiber. The antistatic property of these fibers was evaluated by half-life-time (t1/2) of leakage of electrostatic charge at 20°C and 45% RH. The values of t1/2 for the fibers before and after washing were in the range of 0.5-9.4sec and 3.4-11.5sec, respectively. Both values were much lower than those for the control PET fiber and the blend PET fibers containing PEO only. The higher the molecular weight of PEO, the higher the antistatic property of the blend fibers. The best property was attained with the fibers blended with 1.5wt% of PEO (Mn=20, 000) and 1.0wt% of DSAS. The tensile strength of the blend fibers was a little lower than that of the control PET fiber while the elongation became a little larger. The blend fibers had a Young's modulus higher than the PET fiber. From these results, the role of ionic surfactant DSAS is discussed in relation to the phase separation of PEO in the fiber matrix.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (415K) -
木村 裕次, 飯島 俊郎1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 110-115
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe membrane potential and permeability of charged cellulosic membranes in tetraalkylammonium chloride solution were determined at 25°C. The membranes used were carboxyethyl cellulose (CEC), sulphoethyl cellulose (SEC), and phosphorylated cellulose (PC). The salts, tetraalkylammonium chlorides used were (CH3)4NCl, (C2H5)4NCl, and (n-C4H9)4NCl. The membrane potential and permeability as a function of the salt concentration were interpreted by means of the TMS theory.
The diffusion coefficients of ions in membranes are dependent on Stokes radius of the cations. As the radius increases, the diffusion coefficient of the cations decreases and that of the anion increases. The above correlations are expressed by the same curve for the case of alkaline metal salts.
The effective fixed charge concentration in the membranes increases with increase in Stokes radius of the cations, An anomalous value of the effective fixed charge concentration was obtained when calculated for the systems of SEC and PC membrane - (n-C4H9)4NCl. The obstruction effect by the large ions is proposed in the interpretation of the findings using the TMS theory. The effectivity and the diffusion coefficient of ions in the membranes increase in a sequence of CEC<SEC<PC membranes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K) -
常田 淳, 戸田 妙子, 前田 和生1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. 116-123
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAmong the factors which affect the adsorption efficiencies of the vapor phase components of cigarette smoke by activated carbon fibers (ACF), the effects of smoke temperature, TPM (Total Particulate Matter) and water vapor were evaluated. Even at the final puffing, namely 14th puff for a cigarette used, the smoke temperature was only 7°C higher than the ambient temperature. Therefore, it was recognized that the smoke temperature has practically no effect on the adsorption in the case of the cigarettes used in this work. The adsorption ability of ACFs for the vapor phase components, especially of those having narrow micropore radius, was extremely lowered by TPM. For ACFs having narrow micropores, even a slight difference in pore radius resulted in great difference in the adsorption efficiency. Among the components in the vapor phase, those having relatively high boiling points underwent more inhibition of adsorption than low boiling point components. It has been suggested, therefore, that ACFs behave as if their pore radii and specific surface areas become small. From the adsorption experiments of organic component vapor and water vapor, it was confirmed that the adsorbed amounts depend on pore radii rather than specific surface areas because there exist combinations for the maximum adsorption of smoke components. In the presence of water vapor, this combination indicated a considerable substitution of organic components by water. Water vapor had appreciable effects on the adsorption efficiency of ACFs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (613K) -
清水 敬二1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P36-P38
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (932K) -
久楽 勝行, 吉岡 淳1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P39-P43
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2212K) -
坂口 昌彦1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P44-P47
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1949K) -
鹿沼 忠雄1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P48-P52
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2781K) -
永野 豊1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P53-P56
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (924K) -
池上 正宏1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P57-P60
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (808K) -
御船 直人1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P61-P64
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1375K) -
事例研究龍岡 文夫1987 年 43 巻 2 号 p. P65-P70
発行日: 1987/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1453K)
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