巻号一覧
24 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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木下 茂武, 馬越 淳, 斎藤 安史1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 205-211
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn polypropylene (PP) filaments of several draw ratios the deformations of spherulites were observed by x-ray diffraction and photomicroscope. When filaments are stretched, the large spherulites are deformed much more than the smaller ones, and for various steps of elongation, the greater the size of spherulites, the higher the degree of orientation.
The mechanical effects caused by the change of the molecular chain configuration of each spherulites have also been examined.
(1) The tensile moduli in drawn PP filaments of large spherulites are greater than those of small spherulites, while in undrawn filaments their moduli are independent of spherulite sizes.
(2) The equilibrium thermal stresses in drawn filaments composed of large spherulites tend to have entropy effects above 100°C, while in small spherulitic filaments thermal stress increases above 120°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2073K) -
佐野 雄二, 折居 晃一1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 212-218
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーDrag coefficients of polypropylene filaments in the flow during spinning were investigated in order analyse the melt spinning process.
Experimental apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. Drag coefficients are calculated from tension difference between the top and bottom of the spinning chimney b in Fig. 1, using equation (1) (2) and (3). Measurements of filament tension were performed in stagnant air in the chimney during the spinning as well as in air flow of co-or counter-current.
Experimental conditions and results are presented in Table 1 and 2 respectively.
In Fig. 2, tension of filaments at the top of the chimney increases linearly with spinning velocity. At the bottom of the chimney, tension is affected by air flow in the chimney; it decreases in the co-current air flow and increases in the counter current. The ratio of the drag force to tension at the bottom of the chimney increases with spinning velocity. When spinning velocity is over 800 (m/min), the ratio exceeds more than 50 (%).
The following equation is obtatined experimentaly between drag coefficient Cf and Reynolds number, (Fig. 3):
Cf=0.68 Re-0.8
Number of filaments and_??_/R, the ratio of mean distance from nozzle and radius of filaments, has no effects on this relation.
In Fig. 5, Experimental equation was compared with values of the literatures such as the boundary layer theory of moving continuous cylinder3) and flat plate7) and the analogy equation estimated from heat transfer coefficients5)6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (486K) -
第5報急冷結晶,単斜晶結晶および非晶鎖セグメントの一軸配向挙動について高原 弘和, 河合 弘迪, 山田 哲三1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 219-229
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal expansion of (hk0) lattice spacing of quenched crystal and (040) and (110) lattice spacings of monoclinic crystal, as well as the orientation behavior of crystalline and non-crystalline phases of quenched, semi-annealed and well-annealed specimens of isotactic polypropylene with uniaxial stretching at various temperature, were investigated by means of simultaneous measurements of x-ray diffraction and birefringence.
Abrupt change of thermal expansion coefficient of the crystal lattice spacings was found at 48 and 115°C for the quenched and monoclinic crystals, respectively. The former temperature may correspond to the beginning of melting of the quenched crystal, because of unusual value of the coefficient as large as 10×10-4deg-1 for the (hk0) lattice spacing beyond the temperature, while the latter corresponds to a sort of crystal disordering temperature of the monoclinic crystal.
For the quenched specimen, the orientation of the quenched crystal (c-axis) and non-crystalline chain segment proceed more prominently at 20°C. than 50 °C. This inferior orientation at 50°C. may be interpreted in terms of partial melting of the quenched crystal, which gives less effective orienation of the crystal and non-crystalline chain segment during stretching. Crystal conversion from quenched to monoclinic system is found for the high-temperature stretching.
For the annealed specimens, the orientation behavior of a′- and b- axis of monoclinic crystal, in which the negative orientation of a′-axis is always behind that of b-axis at relatively low degree of stretching and coincide with each other at a relatively high degree of stretching, is quite similar to that of b- and a-axis of polyethylene. This behavior may be interpreted in terms of deformation mechanism of polymer spherulite and disintegration of spherulite texture to the fibre. Upon comparing the orientation behavior at 20°C. with that at 120°C. the negative orienttation of b- and a′-axes proceed more prominently at 20°C, than at 120°C. at relatively low degree of streching, and vice versa at higher degree of stretching. This temperaturee sensitive behavior, especially at the relatively low degree of stretching, is also very similar to that of polyethylene, and may be interpreted in terms of the easiness of crystal slippage along (040) plane due to the abrupt change of interaction betweeen the crystal planes at the crystal disordering temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1574K) -
第2報気泡球の表面積,体積および球中心間距離の分布について大沢 直志, 中山 晃, 三平 和雄1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 230-234
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーStatistical distributions of surface area A, volume V, and center-to-center distance l, of isolated cells were discussed on the polymeric foam substances. The results are as follows:
(1) The distribution function of A and V, f(A) and f(V) are obtained on the typical five types of distribution of radius of cells f(r), described in the previous paper (I). Mean values A, V, of the distribution and the variance σA2, σV2, are also calculated.
(2) Denoting the radius of the circle on the cross-section of foam substance s, and the center-to-center distance of the circles d, it is shown that the relationship between f(l) and f(d) is substantially similar to the previously described relation between f(r) and f(s).
(3) The mean velue l is evaluated from the value of r and the packing factor p of the foam substance. The following equation is obtained:
where kv′ is a constant depending on the type of f(r).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K) -
(IV) α, β-不飽和カルボン酸・酢酸混合セルロースエステルへのスチレンおよびメタクリル酸メチルのグラフト共重合松崎 啓, 中村 茂夫, 呉 偉志, 宮田 徹1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 235-240
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAcrylic-acetic acid and vinylacetic-acetic acid mixed cellulose esters were synthesized, and styrene and methyl methacrylate were grafted onto them with benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst. The results obtained are as follows:
1) The rate equations of graft polymerization were composed of two first order reactions. It is infered that after the gel polymers are formed, the rate of grafting is determined by the rate of diffusion of monomers into the gel polymers (Fig. 2)
2) The degree of grafting varies with the state of cellulose mixed esters and increases in the following order; film, swollen film and homogeneous solution. (Table 3)
3) The grafted side chains are isolated from the grafted polymers by hydrolyzing the trunk polymers for 72 hrs at 105°C with 5 N HCl. But the yield of the acid hydrolysis depends greatly on the degree of grafting. Generally, isolation of PMMA side chains is easier than those of PSt. (Fig. 3)
4) Average number of grafted side chains per a trunk cellulose molecule was 0.13-3.71, which is the same as that reported previously for the graft copolymerization by ceric salt catalyst. (Fig. 3, Table 5)
5) Gel polymers are formed during polymerization by crosslinking reaction through PSt or PMMA radicals and not by the direct crosslinking reaction between the cellulose esters.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (399K) -
第2報制御系のシミュレーションと調節計の選択について赤見 仁, 川上 達也, 壁矢 久良1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 241-252
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSliver thickness was controlled by analog computer and 20-inch sample card on the basis of the servo-system and the process characteristics are discussed in previous paper.
Conventional method for overcoming the dead time in process characteristics could not be applied because of non-linearities of the dead time. However, the decision of controller parameters was possible on analog computer by cut and try method.
Some sets of controller parameters from computer are discussed graphically and experimentally examined on the carding engine by giving a disturbance of 50 per cent of controlled variable (sliver thickness aimed).
Results are as follows';
When out-put sliver of carding process is controlled by changing of the surface speed of doffer, the process characteristics makes it unable to control the short periodic variation, but long periodic one could be controlled without off-set.
Control system with two or more parallel controllers which are switched according to the kinds of disturbance is suitable for controlling roller-carding process, because of non-linearity of dead time. In the controller, P. I. actions are suitable than P. I. D. actions, and when D action is added, the system becomes so oscillatory that it seems unusable on account of the high oscillatory components in sliver itself.
There is so good agreement between the controlled variables obtained on the analog computer and the experimental ones (obtained on sliver thickness) that the following approximate equeation is usable in practice:抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4367K) -
長野 正満, 黒田 栄美1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 253-257
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of ultraviolet light on the graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto silk were studied and the following results were obtained.
a) Benzophenone as a sensitizer of the ultraviolet light is very effective for the graft copolymerization of AM onto silk, and the higher the pH value of AM solution is, the greate the rate of graft copolymerization becomes.
b) The average molecular weight of the Block and or graft polymerized PAM increases with the rising degree of copolymerization, but decreases with prolonging the irradiation time.
c) The tensile strength, elongation and stiffness decrease with the rising degree of copolymerization because of the photochemical decompositions of silk fiber by the ultraviolet light.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (328K) -
長野 正満, 沢木 汀二, 谷口 庄平1968 年 24 巻 5 号 p. 258-259
発行日: 1968/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to know whether the continuous metal filament can be obtained or not, in case of melt spinning method, the experiments were carried out about the tin metal. We got the continuous metal filament under the optimum melting and cooling temperature, Especially, in case of special condition the surface structure of the tin metal filament had been turned into the bamboo structure which was the aggregation of single crystal as same as wool appearance.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (609K)
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