巻号一覧
27 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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松本 喜代一, 佐藤 浩三, 今村 力造1971 年 27 巻 5 号 p. 197-203
発行日: 1971/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this report effects of spherulite size and of various stretching processes on the characteristics of the deformation and fracture of polypropylene spherulites were investigated at both the room and higher temperature in connection with the stretchability of films. The exfoliatical property of biaxially stretched film is discussed in terms of spherulite deformation.
Film containing spherulite of various sizes were prepared by hot-press technique under the various cooling conditions. These films were stretched with the film-stretcher, in the open bath or the hot-air bath. The following stretching methods were adopted: uniaxial stretchings under the free or constant width, and two-way successive or simultaneous biaxial stretchings.
The biaxial stretchability is higher in the films with small size spherulites than in the films with large size.
The deformation and the fracture mechanisms of spherulite could be phenomelogically classified as follows: (1) brittle break-down, (2) fracture with the cleavage of interfacial boundary, (3) uniaxial plastic deformation, (4) deformation with necking, (5) deformation with pleating, (6) deformation into fibril structure, and (7) biaxial plastic deformation.
The characteristis of the deformation and the fracture of spherulites are summarized in Table 1.
We have deduced that the appearance of exfoliatical property as mica was owing to the multilayer structure of the spherulite and the planar orientation of molecular chains and crystalls in the film.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1426K) -
新 祐治1971 年 27 巻 5 号 p. 204-210
発行日: 1971/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPolyethylene-polypropylene blend fibers were prepared from the melt-blended mixtures of lowpressure polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene at the weight ratios of (100/0), (95/5), (90/10), (80/20), (60/40), (40/60), (20/80), and (0/100). The spinnability and drawability of the blend polymers are nearly the same as those of polyethylene or polypropylene alone. Orientation of polyethylene or polypropylene molecules during drawing seems to be scarecely inhibited by blending. Some mechanical properties of undrawn and drawn fibers were investigated in terms of the composition. Undrawn fibers: The blend fibers show slightly lower yield stress, lower elongation, and higher tensile strength in comparison with polyethylene or polypropylene fibers. These effects can be elucidated by the decrease in crystallinity, and by the difficulty in slippage of molecules in the boundary layer of polyethylene and polypropylene phases in the blend fibers.
Drawn fibers: The tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus of the blend fibers are, in most cases, between those of polyethylene and polypropylene fibers in the same drawing condition, and increase or decrease monotonically with the composition. Knot strength-composition curve has a maximum at the polypropylene content of 50_??_80%. At the maximum, the ratio of knot strength to tensile strength exceeds 90%. Elastic recovery of the blended fibers containing more than 40% of polypropylene is nearly the same as that of polypropylene which is much better than polyethylene in elastic properties. These anomalous, but favorable properties in the blend fibers are supposed to be derived from the fact that the blend polymer does not form so-called the “sea-island” structure, but forms the “network” structure which consists of isolated continuous phases of polyethylene and polypropylene.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (414K) -
藤倉 嘉昭1971 年 27 巻 5 号 p. 211-216
発行日: 1971/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーEmissivities of polyvinyl alcohol and its related materials are studied in relations to radiation and OH-group. Water, alcohol, partially saponificated PVAc and PVA were used as samples. The following results were obtained:
1) The radiation measuring apparatus devised in this study was able to measure the emissivities of liquid as well as solid specimen.
2) The more OH-groups are in unit volume, the larger is emissivity.
3) It seems that emissivities of polymer do not change with the different degrees of polymerization.
4) Apparent emissivities of partially saponificated polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives become larger with the increase in the degree of saponification.
5) OH-group and radiation are closely related to each other and materials with OH-group have high emissivity generally.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (448K) -
稲垣 勝彦, 赤川 直亮1971 年 27 巻 5 号 p. 217-222
発行日: 1971/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーOptical reflection mechanism of fabrics is similar to that of filmheaps and the relationship corresponds to the relation between a metalic plate and a metalic texture surface. The reflection model using heap of films was treated by Preston, Tsien and other only to discuss the relation between reflecting coefficient of fabrics and the concentration of dye. The present paper is concerned with the relation between the luster and reflecting properties of fabrics.
Reflecting elements (M; Regular reflection, I; Internal reflection, D; Diffused reflection) are isolated and gradeel on the coordinated system (see Fig. 3). The luster (quality) of plane material can be characterized by these factors. On the other hand, refitting elements of an ideal heap of films can be calculated from the number of layers n, the reflecting coefficient of one layer R0 and the transparency coefficient exp-(KC1+SC2)d
where I0: Incidence;
T0: Transmission coefficient;
K: Absorption coefficient;
S: Diffused coefficient;
d: Film width;
C1, C2: Density
M+IR and D are calculated (see Fig. 2) by various values of these parameters (n, exp-(KC1+SC2) d
Compared Fig. 2 with Fig. 3 it is shown that the characterization of plane material is possible with these parameters (n, R0 and exp-KC1+SC2)d) of heap film.
A similar expression for fabric is possible, when reflecting elemets are isolated by means of experimental condition shown in Fig. I (II).
It may be possible to define physically the term expressing the luster (quality) of fabric; for example, silk fabric-pearl like luster, synthetic fabric-metal like luster and etc.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1238K) -
中山 和郎, 岡島 三郎, 中楯 隆徳, 小林 靖二1971 年 27 巻 5 号 p. 223-230
発行日: 1971/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe visible dichroism due to the dispersed dye molecules is related to amorphous orientation of polymer. The dichroic values, D=(K_??_-K⊥)/(K_??_-2K⊥), of polymer films dyed with disperse dyes, C. I. Disperse Yellow 7 (Y-7) and C. I. Disperse Red 17 (R-17), were measured in order to obtain the intrinsic dichroism of dye molecule and to clarify the states of dye in polymer.
Polymer films used were poly (ethylene terephthalate), 6 nylon, cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate and polypropylene. Especially, poly (ethylene terephthalate) film was stretched and dyed with various dyes. The intrinsic dichroism, D0, of each dye was estimated by comparing with D0 of Y-7.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The disperse dye possessing a longer and slender form shows higher dichroism.
(2) The intrinsic dichroism, D0, of Y-7 on poly (ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene is
1. On 6 nylon, cellulose triacetate and cellnlose diacetate the D0 estimated under some assumptions is also in unity.
(3) In the dichroism no fundamental difference is observed in the dyeing modes of R-17 on poly (ethylene terephthalate), 6 nylon, cellulose triacetate and cellulose diacetate. That is to say, the angle between the direction of the transition moment of this dye and the molecular chain of these polymers is in the range from 24.5° to 27.5°.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (445K) -
麓 泉, 片山 明, 黒木 宣彦1971 年 27 巻 5 号 p. 231-236
発行日: 1971/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper2) it was concluded that the treatment of polyolefine with bromine gas resulted in the introduction of polar groups, such as C-Br, C-O and C=O. The object of this paper is to investigate the mode of action of these groups to the dyeing properties of the polymer.
Isotherms were measured for the distribution of model disperse dyes (azobenzene, p-aminoazobenzene and 4-amino-4′-nitroazobenzene) between water and various organic solvents at 50°, 60° and 70°C. The solvents with similar chemical constitution to the modified polyolefine fiber were selected, such as brominated n-heptane, mixture of n-heptane with 2-heptanone, n-heptylalcohol, butylether or heptene-1. From the results the thermodynamic parameters were calculated for the process of the transfer of unit mole of dye from n-heptane to the mixed solvents.
The unitary free energy changes were all negative for the dye transfer from n-heptane into mixed solvent phase. This indicates that the disperse dyes are more stable in the mixed solvents than in n-heptane. From the thermodynamic parameters obtained in this paper the interaction between the dyes and polar groups in the mixed solvents is discussed. An introduction of an amino group in azobenzene molecule caused a marked increase in enthalpy change. This suggests that a main source of the stability of the dye in the mixed solvents might be hydrogen-bonds between dye molecules and polar groups in the solvents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (449K)
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