繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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70 巻, 10 号
繊維学会誌
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繊維と工業
時評
解説
連載〈文化の伝承 ― 祭り ― 11〉
連載〈知的財産権－2〉
連載〈溶融紡糸の原点〉
連載〈業界マイスターに学ぶせんいの基礎講座－1〉
繊維学会創立70周年記念連載〈技術が支えた日本の繊維産業-生産・販売・商品開発の歩み-13〉
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  • Preparation of p-Aramid Aerogels Using Supercritical CO2
    Shao Zhenzong, Okubayashi Satoko
    2014 年 70 巻 10 号 p. 233-239
    発行日: 2014/10/10
    公開日: 2014/10/10
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.233
    ジャーナル フリー
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    New highly porous p-aramid aerogel was produced from p-aramid/DMSO/TBAF solution. The solution was gelled to obtain shaped three-dimensional objects, and that p-aramid DMSO-gel was regenerated by solvent substitution followed by supercritical drying with CO2. To investigate the influences of hydrogen bonds on aerogel preparation, two kinds of p-aramid fiber, Kevlar® and Technora were employed. The effects of different procedure parameters, such as concentration of hydrogen accepter, TBAF, homogenization time and type of exchange solvent on the formation of p-aramid gels and aerogels after supercritical CO2 (scCO2) drying were discussed by measuring the homogenization time, compression modulus, volume shrinkage, and surface morphology of the gels and aerogels. Consequently, the Kevlar® aerogel with density of 0.018 g/cm3 was obtained under optimal conditions.
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  • マルチセル構造を有する天然繊維の引張負荷による回転現象―ケナフ繊維による確認実験と理論考察―
    合田 公一, 新田 悠二
    2014 年 70 巻 10 号 p. 240-247
    発行日: 2014/10/10
    公開日: 2014/10/10
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.240
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The purpose of this study is to confirm a rotation phenomenon around the fiber axis of a kenaf fiber, a representative multi-cell type fiber, during tensile loading, and clarify the rotation mechanism through 3D finite element analysis. The degree of rotation was quantified by measuring rotation angle during the tensile test of a single fiber, by giving a free mechanical condition perpendicular to the tensile direction. Results showed that, although many fiber specimens did not rotate during tensile loading, the rotation was confirmed for approximately one fourth of all the specimens. Young's moduli of the rotation identified specimens are almost the same level as non-rotating fibers, while these fibers indicated a slight decrease in strength, as compared with non-rotating fibers. The coordinates transformation matrix simulating a spatial spiral structure of cellulose microfibrils (CMF) was constructed, and applied for 3D finite element analysis. The calculation results show that rotation occurs in one-cell and seven-cell finite element models, but the magnitude of rotation is much smaller in the seven-cell model. Furthermore, a cell twisted finite element model was carried out to simulate a small-scale disorder in the multi-cell orientation structure, which was observed on the kenaf fiber surface. Finally, it is estimated from the calculation results that rotation occurs only for the fiber in which the mechanical balance between CMF spiral structure and multi-cells' intertwist is not enough.
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技術報文
  • 酸化染料中間体3成分染色系での羊毛繊維の酸化重合染色挙動
    桑原 里実, 上甲 恭平
    2014 年 70 巻 10 号 p. 248-253
    発行日: 2014/10/10
    公開日: 2014/10/10
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.248
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Coloration behaviors of the wool fabric dyed with p-aminophenol(pAP)/p-phenylenediamine(pPDA)/ p-amino-o-cresol(pAOC) mixed oxidation dyeing system were investigated by varying the dyeing conditions, such as the composition ratio of their dye intermediate, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the bath ratio of dyeing system. In the case of pAP/pPDA/pAOC (1:1:2) dyeing system of pH10 with the addition of 90ml/L hydrogen peroxide, the chromaticity in the a*b* diagram varied to draw a hairpin curve, which showed that the color of dyed sample turned a dark reddish orange having lower saturation through a dull orange having the highest saturation from a dull yellowish-orange, with the increase in dyeing time. As a result of dyeing under various conditions, it has been found that (1) the varied composition ratio of dye intermediates affects significantly the difference in the hue angle and the chroma between the fabrics dyed for 5 min and 120 min, and that (2) the coloration of the fabrics in the 1:1:2 dyeing system of pH10 with the addition of 5ml/L hydrogen peroxide is dependent on the uptake of the pPDA/pAOC coupling dyes which generate preferentially even at low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, and that (3) the uptake of pPDA/pAOC coupling dye increases more than that of pAP/pAOC coupling dye with decreasing in the bath ratio of the dyeing system.
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