巻号一覧
26 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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正本 順三, 笹栗 騏一郎, 大泉 千尋, 小林 秀彦1970 年 26 巻 6 号 p. 239-245
発行日: 1970/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーProperties of nylon 3 formic acid solution were investigated and compared with those of dichloroacetic acid. The effects of dope properties on spinnability were also examined.
Of the properties of dilute solution, especially solution viscosity was examined. Nylon 3 behaves as a polyelectrolyte in formic acid and in dichloroacetic acid, and this behavior was affected by the addition of salts or water.
Properties of concentrated formic acid solution of nylon 3 were also investigated. The results obtained are as follows: Viscosity in formic acid is much lower than that obtained in dichloroacetic acid. This suggests the poorer interaction between formic acid and nylon 3. The result is in accordance with that of an infrared spectrometry. When polymer concentration is low, the solution in dichloroacetic acid shows much better spinnability, whereas when polymer concentration is high, the spinning solution in formic acid shows much better spinnability. Dope viscosity, using. formic acid as the solvent, is unstable and the solution gelled when polymer concentration exceed 36%. Fiber formation of nylon 3 in the wet spinning process is seriously effected by gellation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (526K) -
正本 順三, 笹栗 騏一郎, 小林 秀彦1970 年 26 巻 6 号 p. 246-253
発行日: 1970/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーDry spinning of nylon 3 was investigated for two samples of molecular weight of 90, 000 and 240, 000, using formic acid as solvents. With the polymer having molecular weight of 90, 000 filaments could not be wound continuously, while for the polymer of molecular weight of 240, 000 dry spinning was possible, and filaments could wound continuously. Thus the spinnability of spinning dope is thought important for dry spinning of nylon 3. Even for the maximum draft ratio (ratio of the winding speed to extrusion velosity), about 20 no chain orientation. was observed. Formic acid content in fibers was mainly controlled by spiuning temperature and by output of the dope, and was not affected by winding speed. Cross section of the fibers was dogbone-shaped for the polymer having molecular weight of 90, 000 and was extra-ordinal-shaped for the polymer of molecular weight of 240, 000. Dry-spun fibers could be drawn in such media as silicone oil and hot air, which were thought to have no interaction with polyamides, but in such media as hot water, steam and hot glycerine, which were thouget to have some interaction with polyamides, drawing was impossible, Relations between spinning conditions and properties of fibers are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1603K) -
中村 良治, 鎌田 健一, 近上 隆1970 年 26 巻 6 号 p. 254-262
発行日: 1970/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーTo achieve the evenness in the effects of wet processes such as dyeing and finishing in water systems, the level wetting of textile fibers is required. For the first step of wet processes, displacement of air in fiber assembly by dip-solution and forced exclusion of displaced air are of essential importance.
Considering these points, a hydrodynamic study on the wettability of fiber assemblies was performed by constructing an apparatus in which dip-solution could be poured into the sample chamber under the constant hydrostatic water pressure. The estimations of effluence and pressure loss produced by the mass of fibers and air in fiber assembly gave the value of flow-resistance and permitted a comparison on wettability.
Some attensions and devices paid for these estimations were as follows; 1) the simultaneous values of effluence and pressure loss, 2) pre-exclusion of bubbles in dip-solution, 3) preventation of onesided flow along the inner wall of sample chamber in which fibers were packed - for this purpose, the chamber was made with polyacrylate resin which had low surface energy, 4) electrical detection and record of water pressure in responce to sharp change in pressure.
In this study, the various effects on the flow-resistance were determined on wool fibers having poor wetting properties and the effectiveness of forced flow of dip-solutions on level wetting was recognized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (587K) -
中村 良治, 鎌田 健一, 近土 隆1970 年 26 巻 6 号 p. 263-271
発行日: 1970/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe critical surface tension (CST) pointed out by Zisman is a practical parameter related to complete wetting of fibers. In the form of fiber, in general, the value of CST is estimated with some difficulties because of complex contact of fiber with liquid or unevenness of fibers
It was found that the value of CST could also be estimated, using the previously reported hydrodynamic apparatus on estimation of wettability of fiber assemblies. This study is mainely concerned with the principles and methods of determination of CST in the fiber assembly.
The measurement of CST was based on the calculations of penetrating velosity (dh/dt) of dipsolution through capillaries in fiber assembly under forced flowing of dip-solution. Continious record of water pressure during the wetting process permitted the calculations of average water level in sample chamber and two curves of pressure and water level on the same time-scale permitted the comparision of amounts of pressure occured naturally in capillaries and of pressure loss due to forced flowing. The recorded pressure, when the two kinds of pressure just compensated, gave the value of dh/dt. By determination of the relation between dh/dt and water level in chamber, the product of radius of capillary by cosine of contact angle was obtained as an average value on numerous capillaries. Further, the plotting of these products vs surface tension of dip-solutions gave the value of CST of sample fibers in accordance with Zisman's method.
Using above described method, value of CST of merino '64 wool fiber was determined at about 30 dyne/cm. This value was much smaller than the values reported in literatures, but it might be considered that this represented the more real value on undamaged clean wool fiber.
Consequently, the merits of this hydrodynamic estimation were summarized as follows; 1) CST was determined as an average value of numerous fibers, 2) not only the CST, but the average radius of capillaries in fiber assembly could be estimated, 3) convenient determination of CST was also possible, by comparision of the shapes of pressure-time curves obtained on a series of solutions having various surface tensions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (626K) -
松本 喜代一, 板越 利紀, 今村 力造1970 年 26 巻 6 号 p. 272-282
発行日: 1970/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this report the properties of PVC films prepared by various stretching methods is discussed from the point of view the thermal shrinkage under no tension. The test films were prepared by the following four stretching methods: uniaxial stretching under the conditions of free and constant width, and two-way successive and simultaneous biaxial stretching. The stretching was performed in a recirculating hot-air bath. The test of thermal shrinkage for these stretched films was performed in a glycerin bath changing the temperature and time (65°C_??_120°C and 10_??_103.5 sec). The following results were obtained:
1. The shrinkage of the films is affected characteristically by the stretching method.
2. The isothermal shrinkage curve as the functions of time has a shape similar to the stress-relaxation curve.
3. A master curve for the thermal shrinkage can be obtained by means of time-temperature superposition. The inflection point of this curve is a measure of the glass transion point.
* Studies on the Biaxially Stretching of Films. Part 2.
Presented in the 21st Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society, Japan, Kansai University, Osaka, March 31, 1968.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1205K) -
長野 正満, 沢木 汀二, 谷口 庄平1970 年 26 巻 6 号 p. 283-288
発行日: 1970/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe melt spinning of tin and solder was investigated using the experimental apparatus previosly reported and the following results were obtained.
a) In the case of tin if the ejection presssure is 1.5kg/cm2 the ejetion speed increases with the increased crosssectional area of orifice. However, if this pressure is 2.5kg/cm2, the ejection speed decreases with the crosssectional area of orifice. The causes of these phenomena are not known.
b) The solidifying length of liquid metal increases with the increased of crosssectional area of orifice.
c) The degree of shrinkage of cross section increases with the crossectional area of orifice.
d) The surface structure of filament is affected by the viscosity and the ejection speed of liquid metal. If the ejection speed is above 250 cm/sec and the viscosity is also above 0.05 poise, the uniform filament can be obtained.
e) The strength and the elongation of filament made by the melt spinning process are not affected by the ejection speed. Generally, the strength of fine filament is comparatively higher than the thick filament.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (644K)
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