巻号一覧
18 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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第5報 粉末状部分ジメチルアミノアセタール化ポリビニルアルコール繊維の製造条件と染着性について陶山 英成, 渦巻 光孝, 中島 智也1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 92-96
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーStudies were carried out on the relation between manufacturing conditions of the fibers made of modified polyvinyl alcohol partially dimethylaminoacetalized in powder form and their dyeability. The partially dimethylaminoacetalized polyvinyl alcohols were mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and dry spun. With these fibers, the dyeability was tested.
It is found that the dyeability of the fibers by acid dyestuffs depends not only on the degree of dimethylaminoacetalization of the samples, but on the draw ratio and the heat-treatment temperature. of the fibers. Consequently, the dyeability is considered to be affected by the number of the sites for dyestuffs and the structure of the fiber. However, these fibers were not so much affected the dyeability by the change in formalization condition in spite of the usual fact that the dyeability of the conventional polyvinyl alcohol by direct, acid and dispersed dyestuffs is quite affected by the formalization conditions. So it is advantageous industrially to use partially dimethylaminoacetalized polyvinyl alcohol as material for dry spinning.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
第6報 繊維状ホルマール化条件と結節強度について陶山 英成, 渦巻 光孝1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 96-100,93
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe strength, particularly their knot-strength, of polyvinyl alcohol fibers is known generally to be reduced by acetalization reaction. Acetalization is carried out in acidic aqueous solution, in which an antiswelling agent such as sodium sulfate is added in order to prevent swelling and shrinkage of the fibers during the acetalization reaction.
As a result of investigations on various formalization conditions such as reaction temperature, concentration of each component in reaction bath and pre-treatment with adequate swelling agents, it is found that the decreasing of the concentration of formaldehyde and sulfuric acid in reaction. bath is most effective to prevent lowering of their knot strength.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (478K) -
第7報 ベンザール化ポリビニルアルコール繊維のキャリヤー染色について陶山 英成, 中島 智也1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 100-104,93
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that conventional formalized polyvinyl alcohol fibers do not possess sufficient elastic recovery to render them applicable to practical uses. One of the prevailing methods which was found to improve the elastic properties of polyvinyl alcohol fibers is to treat the fibers with benzaldehyde. However, the fibers thus treated generally become hydrophobic and need special dyeing processes, because of its poor dyeability.
The carrier dyeing process such as the use of benzoic acid, salthilic acid, methylsalicylate, n-buthanol, p-phenylphenol and chlorbenzene were investigated. It was found that methylsalicylate which is emulsified in dyeing bath is most effective as a carrier when the benzalized fibers is dyed by dispersed dyestuffs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (377K) -
第1報 極限粘度と溶剤,酢化度との関係宇田 和夫1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 105-111
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIntrinsic viscosities of various cellulose acetate samples having about the same basic degree of polymerization but differing in the acetyl contents were determined in several types of solvents.
In the range of the acetyl contents tested, intrinsic viscosities were in all cases highest in acetic acid and lowest in pyridine and the mixture of methylene chloride and ethanol, while acetone and dioxane gave the intermediate values.
A tentative interpretation, based on the configuration on the cellulose chain involving the intramolecular hydrogen bonding, were presented to account for these variations of intrinsic viscosities with the solvent type, such as acidic, basic and neutral.
In order to examine the influence of the acetyl contents on the intrinsic viscosities in various solvents, the ratio of intrinsic viscosity in these solvents corrected to the triacetate and that of the same sample determined in cuoxam was taken and the changes of these ratio with the acetyl contents were tested.
It was shown that intrinsic viscositces in general with the increase of the acetyl contents, but these tendencies are strongest in the acidic solvents and weakest in the basic solvents. Neutral solvents lay between these two types.
But with the increase of the acetyl contents near to the triacetate, intrinsic viscosities in pyridine and the mixture of methylene chloride and ethanol show the tendency to increase with the acetyl contents.
These variations of intrinsic viscosities with the acetyl contents are also tentatively discussed relating to the chain configuration as the results of the interaction between free hydroxyl, acetyl groups and the solvents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (535K) -
第2報 メチレンクロライド系混合溶剤における極限粘度宇田 和夫1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 111-115,105
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIntrinsic viscosities of various kinds of cellulose acetate were determined in the mixture of methylene chloride and alcohol.
As a component of these mixtures, ethanol and methanol give almost the same [η] for cellulose acetate of acetyl contents between 52_??_61%. The tendency of the decrease of [η] with the increase of acetyl contents up to about 60% acetic acid contents were also observed in this case. Above this point [η] seemed to increase slightly with the increase of acetyl contents.
The effects of methanol contents in the mixture upon [η] of three samples, having almost the same basic d. p. but differing in their acetyl contents were also determined.
For all samples [η] increases with the addition of small amount of methanol, and reached the maximum values of [η] with the increase of methanol contents and after this maximum point [η] decreases. The higher the acetyl contents, the less amount of methanol is necessary to reach this maximum [η].
For all compositions of the mixture, [η] of samples of lower acetyl contents is higher than that of higher acetyl contents.
Using the ratio of [η] and [η]Cu-Am of the same sample the tentative Km constants for cellulose acetate of various acetyl contents are also estimated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (514K) -
第3報 酢酸酪酸セルロース希薄溶液の粘度斎藤 秀雄, 宇田 和夫1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 115-120,106
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーViscosities of dilute solutions of various cellulose acetate butyrate samples differing in acetyl and butyryl contents were determined using various solvents.
By plotting ηsp/c against C after Huggins′ equation, the linear relations were obtained and from these curves, [η], k′, initial slope k′[η]2 were calculated for each solution. Using water and n-hexane as the diluent, dilution ratio (DR) was also determined.
For all samples tested [η] are highest in acetic acid and lowest in the mixture of methylene chloride and ethanol, while methyl acetate and acetone give the intermediate values.
The relations between [η], k′, initial slope and DR are rather complicated.
In methyl acetate and acetone the values of k′ and initial slope are higher than those in acetic acid and the mixture of methylene chloride and ethanol.
DR with water showed the parallel tendency to the variation of [η]., but DR with n-hexane showed more complicated behavior.
The effects of the butyryl contents of the samples on these relations are qualititavely discussed.
Using the Staudinger's equation and the measured [η] in cuoxam the tentative Km constants for each samples differing in the acyl compositions in these solvents, were also determined.
These Km constants differ slightly with solvents and butyryl contents of the samples and lay between 5_??_7×10-4, taking Km for cellulose in cuoxam as 5×10-4.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (576K) -
祖父江 寛, 福原 節雄1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 121-129
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIdentification of several kinds of textile fibers and detection of composition of mixed fibers were studied by infrared absorption spectra.
The results are as follows:
Identification of textile fibers is generally simple.
Detection of functional groups in mixed fibers is easily performed by the use of characteristic absorption band.
For this method the necessary amount of samples are very small, but when the same functinal groups existed in each fiber, the detection of compositions of mixed fibers are difficult because the characteristic absorption bands are similar.
It is more effective to use together the two auxiliary means of microscopic and dissolving methods together for the more effective identification of the compositions of mixed fibers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (580K) -
第1報 界面活性剤による針葉樹亜硫酸パルプの脱樹脂 第2報 界面活性剤による広葉樹亜硫酸パルプの脱樹脂山田 博, 木村 和三郎1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 130-141
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (848K) -
町田 誠之, 吉野 泰1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 142-146
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPoly (ethyl acrylate) of which molecular weight is about 100, 000 was hydrolyzed to controlled degrees with potassium hydroxide to produce compounds containing 70%, 80% and 90% carboxylate groups. Using these three water-soluble polymers as dispersing agents, sedimentation of pulp fibers in aqueous solution was investigated.
At the more than about 0.016% polymer concentration, all the polymers were found to have dispersing capability decreasing the sedimentation rate of fibers. At the lower than about 0.008% concentration, however, the polymers have rather flocculating capability increasing the sedimentation rate than in pure water. The higher the extent of hydrolysis of the polymer is, the more the dispersing capability is in the concentrated solution and the less the flocculating effect in the dilute solution. On the contrary, the lower the extent of hydrolysis of the polymer is, the less the dispersing capability is in the concentrated solution and the more flocculating effect in the dilute solution.
The polymers have no effect upon surface tension of the solution. But viscosity of the solution is high in proportion to concentration and degree of electrolytic character of the polymer. The viscosity is decreased after the sedimentation of fibers because of adsorption of the polymer on fibers.
The dispersing capability of the partially caustic-hydrolyzed poly (ethyl acrylate) is discussed from a standpoint of molecular functionality and configuration.
The number of ionizable groups introduced at intervals into the linear polymer chain brings about an appreciable chain extension by the electrostatic repulsion between the adjacent charged groups, and the solution viscosity increases. The extended polymer molecules are readily adsorbed on the fiber surfaces. The fibers are covered with a sufficient quantity of the adsorbed polymer in high concentration and the electrokinetic potential of the fiber surfaces is increased sufficiently to permit fiber dispersion, which is also promoted by the high viscosity of the solution. On the contrary, the polymer molecules hydrolyzed at lower degrees are somewhat coiled in the solution and the solution viscosity is not high, The fiber surfaces are insufficiently adsorbed with the polymers and their still low zeta-potential do not give good dispersing effect. In the dilute solution, contact and bridging of fibers are rather facilitated and the flocculation occurs, which in promoted by the low viscosity of the solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (404K) -
寺崎 巌, 松木 雍夫1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 147-152
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーConcerning the graft polymerization of cellulose using Ce+4 as catalyst, fundamental study on the rate of oxidation reaction of cellulose which corresponds to the rate of free radical formation in graft polymerization was made.
The results are as follows:
(1) It was found that the oxidation reaction of cellulose by Ce+4 salt proceeds through cericcellulose complex, but the rates of complex formation and decomposition are nearly equal.
(2) From several experiments on the oxidation, it is estimated that there exist poor-reactive part, and good-reactive part which may correspond to C1 linkage in the end unit of cellulose molecule and initial oxidation may take place in the good-reactive part.
(3) Among several experimental conditions, the oxidation is remarkably influenced by pH. Oxidation rates of good-reactive part and poor-reactive part decrease rapidly over PH 1.8 and 1.0, respectively. Activation energy for poor-reactive part is twice that of good-reactive part.
(4) There exists a proportional relation between oxidation rate and the amount of acrylonitrile grafting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (434K) -
飯島 俊郎, 関戸 実1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 153-161
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe adsorption of monoazo acid dyes ranging various chemical constitution by 6-nylon has been examined quantitatively. In all cases of dye used the adsorption isotherm shows Langmuir type, the saturation value of dye adsorption is nearly equal to that of the amount of terminal amino endgroup of nylon fiber, and this value increases with the rising temperature. Electrostatic combination between dye acid and the site on fiber is dominant contribution in this case. The standard affinity of these dyes was calculated using Gilbert-Rideal equation. The relation between the standard affinity of dyes carrying two sulfonic acid group and the distance between sulfonic acid groups are explained by means of simple lattice model of dye site.
It is suggested that for oxyazo dyes, the dyes carrying hydroxyl group not restricted by intra-molecular hydrogen bond formation, may be adsorbed by the fiber by means of hydrogen bond formation.
In the series of substituted azo dyes (substituted aniline → G acid), the increase of standard affinity corresponds to the increase in molecular weight, and the nature and position of the substituent is of minor importance, except in the case of solubilizing group and hydrogen bond forming group.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (597K) -
小川 敬之1962 年 18 巻 2 号 p. 162-172
発行日: 1962/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1064K)
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